Cell cycle regulation via inter-nuclear communication during the early embryonic development ofDrosophila melanogaster

Summary: In this study, a new mutant with mpv17 knockout was developed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mpv17(-/-) zebrafish exhibited developmental defects in muscles, liver, and energy supply, likely due to severe mitochondria dysfunction. The introduction of normal exogenous mitochondria through microinjection partially restored the expression of genes involved in TAG metabolism.

Summary: In mammals, E2F4 is an important cell cycle regulator and has been extensively studied for its role in multiple functions, such as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. However, its role during embryonic development remains poorly understood.

Summary: Peroxisomes are organelles responsible for lipid processing and managing reactive oxygen species in eukaryotic cells. Drosophila has tissue-specific requirements for the Pex7 gene during embryo development.

Summary: This review summarizes the functional and mechanistic studies of the BAF complex in mouse ESCs and early embryonic development. It highlights the discussion on the distinct phenotypes resulting from the deletion of different BAF subunits in ESCs and embryos.

Summary: This study investigated the expression patterns of BmMettl3 and BmMettl14 in silkworm development and found that m6A methylation is regulated during diapause termination. The absence of BmMettl3 or BmMettl14 led to an increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase. This research contributes to understanding the role of m6A methylation in insect embryogenesis and gametogenesis, as well as diapause initiation and termination.

Summary: This study investigated the role of Mcpip1 in embryonic development using a zebrafish model. The expression of the zc3h12a gene encoding Mcpip1 was found to undergo dynamic changes during embryogenesis. Overexpression of wild-type Mcpip1 resulted in embryonic lethality and extensive changes in gene expression related to development.

Summary: Actin plays a key role not only in the cytoplasmic compartment but also in the nucleus. Recent studies have shown that the dynamic nature of actin in the nucleus is relevant to key nuclear events including gene expression, DNA damage response, and chromatin organization. This review highlights emerging roles of actin in the nuclear compartment, especially in the context of embryonic development and cellular differentiation.

Summary: Culturing buffalo oocytes and embryos with 5% oxygen concentration improves their developmental competence, possibly through the regulation of HIF1a expression and glycolysis. This study provides insights into the role of oxygen regulation in oocytes maturation and early embryo development.

Summary: The aberrant biology of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) involves dysregulation of the cell cycle, induction of stress responses, and dedifferentiation. Sphingolipids, as an important class of membrane lipids, play crucial roles in polyploidy and the generation of offspring with stem-like properties. This review explores the functions of sphingolipids in embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stem cells, aiming to highlight the parallels to polyploidy.

Summary: Sperm cryopreservation can alter miRNA expression, specifically decreasing miR-148b-3p in both humans and mice, potentially affecting fertilization and embryo development by increasing Pten expression. This downregulation of miR-148b-3p induced by cryopreservation is conserved in mouse gametes, indicating a common effect of sperm cryopreservation across species.

Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during early embryonic development through RNA-seq analysis, and discovered hub genes associated with crucial biological processes. These genes may play important roles in cell cycle regulation during early embryonic development.

Summary: Dystroglycan, a key component for muscle membrane integrity, is regulated by retinoid X receptor signaling and plays a crucial role in myoblast differentiation. It is a target gene of the muscle master regulator MyoD and its expression is influenced by residue-specific histone acetylation. Our study provides new insights into the regulation and function of dystroglycan in myoblasts and suggests potential therapeutic approaches for muscle pathology.

Summary: The study of cell division in green algae reveals the dynamics of subcellular structures and provides insight into the evolution of cell division.

Summary: As we delve into population-level developmental neuroscience, it is crucial to comprehend the variability within and between individuals in brain maturation and the origins of neurodevelopmental heterogeneity. Although large-scale, longitudinal neuroimaging studies have brought to light group-level neurodevelopmental trajectories, we still have limited knowledge regarding intra-and inter-individual differences. In this study, we aimed to quantify both forms of variability across various aspects of neurodevelopment during early adolescence in the ABCD Study and examine inter-individual variability based on age, sex, and puberty. Our findings offer novel insights into the differences in annualized percent change in macrostructure, microstructure, and functional brain development between the ages of 9 and 13. These results highlight that moderate age-related intra-individual changes exist, while age-related differences in inter-individual variability are only present in specific measures of cortical macro-and microstructure development. Furthermore, we observed greater inter-individual variability in brain development among mid-pubertal individuals, except for certain aspects of white matter development that demonstrated increased variability among prepubertal individuals in certain tracts. Additionally, although both sexes contribute to inter-individual differences in macrostructure and functional development in some brain regions, our findings do not strongly support the hypothesis of greater male-than-female variability. This work sheds light on pockets of individual variability in early adolescent brain development, while also highlighting regional differences in heterogeneity to facilitate future investigations on quantifying and probing nuances in normative development and deviations from it.