Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Narjes Shahsavani, Hardeep Kataria, Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
Summary: White matter degeneration is a significant pathophysiological event in the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration, and parenchymal changes. Various causes such as trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental neuropathies can lead to white matter degeneration, sharing similar pathological features. Research has identified numerous cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration, with efforts made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches, although progress in this area remains limited due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Matin Hemati-Gourabi, Tuoxin Cao, Megan K. K. Romprey, Meifan Chen
Summary: This review summarizes the positive role of astrocytes in promoting axon regeneration and sprouting in the mature mammalian CNS, along with potential underlying mechanisms. The capacity of astrocytes to support axon growth is context-dependent and influenced by factors such as the local injury environment, neuron-intrinsic regenerative potential, and astrocytes' reactive states.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Hiroshi Tsujioka, Toshihide Yamashita
Summary: Central nervous system injury often results in lifelong impairment of neural function due to limited regenerative ability of axons. However, partial functional recovery is possible through axonal sprouting and regeneration, influenced by factors that promote or inhibit growth. Understanding these mechanisms and controlling aberrant sprouting may lead to better therapeutic approaches for CNS injury.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Leechung Chang, Mayuko Masada, Masami Kojima, Nobuhiko Yamamoto
Summary: Neuronal remodeling plays a crucial role in functional recovery after brain injury. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ectopic axonal projection in the denervated midbrain after unilateral cortical lesion. The analysis revealed upregulation of axon growth-related genes, predominantly expressed by glial cells, in the denervated midbrain. Knocking out the receptors for these upregulated molecules in intact cortex reduced the ectopic projection, particularly when integrin subunit b three or neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (TrkB) was targeted. These findings suggest that denervated midbrain-derived glial factors contribute to lesion-induced remodeling of the cortico-mesencephalic projection via these receptors.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Harun Najib Noristani
Summary: This article describes the different response of ascending dorsal column axons and descending corticospinal tract (CST) axons after spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as the efficacy of molecules targeting intrinsic axon regeneration in promoting their regrowth. Accumulating evidence suggests important differences in regenerative response between dorsal column and CST axons when targeting intrinsic pro-regenerative molecules.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Meifan Chen, Laura Ingle, Erik J. Plautz, Xiangmei Kong, Rui Tang, Neil Ghosh, Megan K. Romprey, William K. Fenske, Mark P. Goldberg
Summary: Injury to the central nervous system in adult mammals induces collateral axon sprouting, which can facilitate neural recovery. This study investigates the role of reactive astrocytes in regulating axon sprouting after stroke in the mouse spinal cord. The findings suggest that stimulating astrocyte reactivity can enhance sprouting of the corticospinal axons, highlighting the potential of engineering astrocytes for neural repair.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jeffrey R. Atkinson, Andrew D. Jerome, Andrew R. Sas, Ashley Munie, Cankun Wang, Anjun Ma, William D. Arnold, Benjamin M. Segal
Summary: Biological aging is strongly associated with the clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in middle-aged mice showed more severe symptoms and less remission compared to young adult mice. The neuroinflammatory response in middle-aged mice exhibited characteristics similar to progressive MS, including widespread microglial activation. Drugs that target microglial activation and aging-associated properties may be beneficial for treating progressive forms of inflammatory demyelinating diseases.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sergei Reverdatto, Aparna Prasad, Jamie L. Belrose, Xiang Zhang, Morgan A. Sammons, Kurt M. Gibbs, Ben G. Szaro
Summary: This study examines the differences in DNA methylation between regenerative and non-regenerative central nervous system (CNS) of the South African claw-toed frog, Xenopus laevis. The findings suggest that increased injury-associated DNA methylation in regenerative CNS may promote successful CNS axon regeneration. The insights gained from this research could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for treating CNS injury in mammals.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yishu Fan, Zhuohui Chen, Mengqi Zhang
Summary: Exosomes, cell-derived extracellular vesicles, have been found to play a significant role in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of CNS diseases, by transferring biologically active molecules between different cells and delivering drugs across the blood brain barrier.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jianhao Xu, Canyu Ma, Menglu Hua, Jiarui Li, Ze Xiang, Jian Wu
Summary: The central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, is the most important nervous system in vertebrates. It is susceptible to damage from external and internal factors, leading to various central nervous system diseases. After disease or injury, the immune system of the central nervous system plays a role in repairing damaged neural structures. However, overexpression of immune cells may cause further damage. Understanding the role of immune cells can lead to immunotherapies that target specific diseases and avoid overactivation of immune cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ning He, Xing-Jia Mao, Yue-Min Ding, Tong Zuo, Ying-Ying Chen, Lin-Lin Wang
Summary: Traumatic injuries in the central nervous system, such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, have been found to cause tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration, affecting the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells. The restoration of these injuries may be achieved through immune intervention in neural stem cells, as resident/peripheral immune cells have significant effects on them. This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of immune cells, as well as the prognosis of central nervous system injuries, based on immune intervention in neural stem cells, and highlights remaining research challenges.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Patrick Cooke, Haley Janowitz, Sarah E. Dougherty
Summary: A major reason why central nervous system injuries have limited recovery of function is because adult mammalian neurons lack the ability to regenerate their axons. However, new evidence suggests that both central and peripheral neurons can revert to an embryonic-like growth state following injury, allowing for axon regeneration. This is contrary to the widely held belief that CNS axons cannot regenerate without experimental intervention. Interestingly, specific groups of neurons have been found to possess regenerative abilities in the CNS.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yu-Ting Zhang, Kai-Jie He, Jin-Bao Zhang, Quan-Hong Ma, Fen Wang, Chun-Feng Liu
Summary: This review discusses the possible brain-entry routes of stem cells administered intranasally to bypass the blood-brain barrier, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment method in central nervous system diseases, providing a reference for the application of intranasal stem cell therapy.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ming-Xi Li, Jing-Wen Weng, Eric S. Ho, Shing Fung Chow, Chi Kwan Tsang
Summary: This review discusses the crucial role of the mTOR pathway in axon regeneration in different types of CNS injury. Reactivation of this regenerative pathway can be achieved by blocking key mTOR signaling components such as PTEN. RNA-based therapeutics show promising potential in promoting axon regeneration, and nanoparticle technology can be used to deliver these therapeutics into the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hong-Jun Cao, Li Huang, Meng-Ru Zheng, Tao Zhang, Ling-Chi Xu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the expression of circular RNAs in rat DRGs following injuries to the central and peripheral axon branches and identifies a total of 33 differentially expressed circular RNAs after central branch injury and 55 differentially expressed circular RNAs after peripheral branch injury. The functional enrichment analysis of host genes of differentially expressed circular RNAs reveals the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway after both central and peripheral axon injuries.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Silke Muehlstedt, Santhosh K. Ghadge, Johan Duchene, Fatimunnisa Qadri, Anne Jaerve, Larisa Vilianovich, Elena Popova, Andreas Pohlmann, Thoralf Niendorf, Philipp Boye, Cemil Ozcelik, Michael Bader
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Jaerve, Silke Muehlstedt, Fatimunnisa Qadri, Bernadette Nickl, Herbert Schulz, Norbert Huebner, Cemil Oezcelik, Michael Bader
Article
Neurosciences
Anne Jaerve, Nora Schiwy, Christine Schmitz, Hans W. Mueller
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2011)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Jaerve, Frank Bosse, Hans Werner Mueller
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2012)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica Opatz, Patrick Kuery, Nora Schiwy, Anne Jaerve, Veronica Estrada, Nicole Brazda, Frank Bosse, Hans Werner Mueller
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2009)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anne Jaerve, Fabian Kruse, Katharina Malik, Hans-Peter Hartung, Hans Werner Mueller
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Anne Jaerve, Jessica Schira, Hans Werner Mueller
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2012)
Article
Neurosciences
Anne Jaerve, Mihail Todiras, Xiaoming Lian, Rafael Filippelli-Silva, Fatimunnisa Qadri, Renan P. Martin, Maik Gollasch, Michael Bader
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Physiology
Anne Jaerve, Mihail Todiras, Melanie Kny, Falk Fischer, Jan F. Kraemer, Niels Wessel, Ralph Plehm, Jens Fielitz, Natalia Alenina, Michael Bader
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Physiology
Anne Jaeryeo, Fatimunnisa Qadril, Mihail Todiras, Shirley Schmolkel
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Anne Jaerve, Fatinnunnisa Qadri, Mihail Todiras, Shirley Schmolke, Michael Bader
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Jaerve, Julius Mueller, II-Han Kim, Karl Rohr, Caroline MacLean, Gert Fricker, Ulrich Massing, Florian Eberle, Alexander Dalpke, Roger Fischer, Michael F. Trendelenburg, Mark Helm
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2007)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Martin H. Maurer, Jens O. Bromme, Robert E. Feldmann, Anne Jarve, Fatemeh Sabouri, Heinrich F. Burgers, Dominik W. Schelshorn, Carola Kruger, Armin Schneider, Wolfgang Kuschinsky
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2007)
Article
Neurosciences
Ulkan Kilic, Ertugrul Kilic, Anne Jarve, Zeyun Guo, Annett Spudich, Katja Bieber, Uxue Barzena, Claudio L. Bassetti, Hugo H. Marti, Dirk M. Hermann
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2006)