Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jing Liu, Lubing Yang, Chen Li, Yongkai Chen, Zhen Zhang
Summary: Highly efficient photocatalysts were formed by combining monolayer WO3 prepared by a space-constrained method with commercial TiO2 through high-temperature calcination, with the optimal ratio explored. The composite catalyst showed a high decomposition rate of MB under solar light and maintained stable efficiency after multiple cycles. Energy band position and active gene capture experiments confirmed that the prepared photocatalysts conform to the transfer theory of Z-scheme heterojunctions.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Federico Giuffrida, Lucia Calcagno, Gianni Pezzotti Escobar, Massimo Zimbone
Summary: The photocatalytic properties of TiO2/FeO3 and TiO2/WO3 nanocomposites were investigated for the degradation of methylene blue. The non-conventional Doctor Blade technique was proposed as an easy and inexpensive method for material preparation. The use of solid substrates rather than powders and the high surface area of nanoparticles improved the photodegradation efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexandru Enesca, Luminita Andronic
Summary: A Cu2O/SnO2/WO3 heterostructure was prepared by a three-steps sol-gel method and deposition as film by spray pyrolysis, showing high photocatalytic activity and good degradation effect on pesticides.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Linyan Zhao, Yangsi Liu, Xiaoli Xi, Yuegang Shen, Jianyu Wang, Yanan Liu, Zuoren Nie
Summary: In this study, a Bi/Bi2O3/WO3 composite was prepared via a hydrothermal-solvothermal method, demonstrating efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and sensitive detection of trace organic pollutants.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Jia-Qi Li, Qing-Meng Zhao, Yong-Dong Zhou, Zong-Yan Zhao
Summary: Heterostructures consisting of CuGaO2 nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method. The CuGaO2/TiO2 heterostructure exhibited a higher photocurrent density and tetracycline hydrochloride degradation efficiency compared to pristine CuGaO2 nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles. Experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations showed that the built-in electric field in the CuGaO2/TiO2 interface region promoted the separation of photogenerated carriers.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alexandru Enesca, Viorel Sisman
Summary: A titania-free heterostructure based on CuS/SnO2/WO3 was prepared using a sol-gel method and exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in removing acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. The heterostructure showed stable performance and generated oxidative species through a Z-scheme mechanism for VOC removal.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mengyu Zhao, Sen Liu, Daimei Chen, Sushu Zhang, Sonia A. C. Carabineiro, Kangle Lv
Summary: In-plane epitaxial growth of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on the surface of hexagonal phase WO3 nanorods was achieved, forming a unique 3D heterostructure. The heterostructure not only enlarged the specific surface area, but also improved the light harvesting ability, resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yilei He, Lijuan Zhang, Yanze Wei, Xing Zhang, Zumin Wang, Ranbo Yu
Summary: The nano-heterostructured combination of SrTiO3 and TiO2, with optimized interface achieved through bandgap engineering, demonstrates high efficiency in separating charge carriers, leading to exceptional photocatalytic performance for H-2 production.
Article
Environmental Sciences
The Ky Vo
Summary: In this study, mesoporous microspheres of Al2O3 @TiO2 with improved adsorption and photocatalytic performance were successfully prepared. The incorporation of amorphous γ-Al2O3 was found to enhance the removal of tetracycline and promote the separation and migration of photo-generated holes and electrons. The study provides a simple and scalable method for manufacturing Al2O3-decorated TiO2 microspheres.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tingcha Wei, Juan Xu, Caixia Kan, Le Zhang, Xingzhong Zhu
Summary: The study focuses on the construction of a g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure with tailored Au nanoparticles for efficient charge separation in photocatalysis. The enhanced charge separation leads to excellent photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and water splitting, with superoxide radicals identified as playing a crucial role in the catalytic process. Insights into the distinct roles of Au in heterostructure for significantly enhanced charge separation are provided, paving the way for the design of high-efficiency heterostructure photocatalysts with noble metal decoration.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kefayat Ullah, Won-Chun Oh
Summary: Novel visible-light photocatalyst TiO2-FG/Sr-hexaferrite nanocomposites were fabricated using a simple hydrothermal technique, and their properties were analyzed using various techniques. The unique composite catalyst showed superior photocatalytic properties for the disintegration of organic dyes under visible-light irradiation due to the synergistic effect of TiO2-FG and the fast conducting path provided by the graphene surface. The ternary structure between TiO2, FG, and Sr-hexaferrites also contributed to the high photocatalytic behavior.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haisheng Huang, Qi Kong, Xin Yue, Kunlei Wang, Zhishun Wei, Ying Chang
Summary: Single crystalline anatase TiO2 microspheres with {001}/{101} facets were synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method using NaF as a morphology controlling agent. The effects of NaF amount on morphology and photocatalytic activity were systematically investigated. Results showed that microspheres with improved morphology were obtained at a NaF concentration of 0.1 mol/L. Furthermore, the crystal structure and morphology were found to play significant roles in the photocatalytic activity, with TiO2 microspheres achieving a degradation efficiency of 76.4% for Tetracycline hydrochloride within 2 hours. A growth mechanism involving F ion modified Ostwald ripening and oriented attachment was proposed based on the investigation of the growth process.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yifan Wang, Xiangyu Meng, Qiyu Hu, Meiyu Zhang, Xiaohu Cao, Chunjiang Xu, Yong Ding
Summary: The combination of Ti3+ doped TiO2-x with ZnIn2S4 resulted in a novel photocatalyst with improved hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance compared to TiO2-x alone. The formation of a Type II heterojunction enhanced the separation of photogenerated carriers and electron transfer rate, leading to higher hydrogen evolution rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Takashi Yanagishita, Takuya Masuda, Hideki Masuda
Summary: Ordered anodic porous WO3 was prepared by anodizing a W substrate with a depression pattern in concentrated phosphoric acid at 120°C and 18V. The behavior of hole formation in depressions was found to be influenced by the depth and diameter of the depressions - shallow depressions formed multiple holes while deep depressions formed only one. Additionally, fine holes were observed to grow around induced holes when depression diameter was small, affecting the growth direction of the induced holes.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haisheng Huang, Juan Wang, Qi Kong, Yao Xu, Zhishun Wei, Ying Chang
Summary: Anatase TiO2 hierarchically structured microspheres with co-exposed {001}/{101} facets were prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The morphology and crystallization of the microspheres were systematically investigated under different reaction temperatures, and it was found that the microspheres exhibited better properties at a temperature of 160°C. Modification of the microspheres with different noble metals (Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd) resulted in significantly enhanced photocatalytic activities, with the Pt-modified sample (TPt) showing the highest activity in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride and hydrogen production.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mengmeng Zhang, Changhua Wang, Yueyun Wang, Songmei Li, Xintong Zhang, Yichun Liu
Summary: Photothermal CO2 reduction with H2O, combining the advantages of photocatalysis driven H2O splitting and thermal catalysis promoted CO2 reduction, has attracted increasing attention in the synthesis of solar fuels. In this study, bismuth nanoparticles with low thermal conductivity were used as the photothermal unit, and bismuth doped NaTaO3 was used as the photocatalytic unit. The NaTaO3:Bi hybrid showed high photothermal catalytic performance due to the photothermal effect, thermal insulation by bismuth metal, and lattice oxygen activation by bismuth doping.
Article
Physics, Applied
Xiaofei Li, Yinglin Wang, Yuwen Jia, Chao Wang, Xinlu Liu, Shuai Liu, Xintong Zhang, Yichun Liu
Summary: Interface engineering is crucial for colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) to optimize carrier collection and recombination. This study investigates the interface between fluorine-doped tin-oxide (FTO) cathodes and electron transport layer (ETL) in CQDSCs. It introduces ethylenimine-based polymers as bifunctional interfacial layers (BILs) to improve band alignment and reduce trap density. The BILs suppress interfacial carrier recombination and achieve a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.28% compared to the reference device without BIL (10.29%). This work paves the way for the commercial application of CQDSCs due to their low-temperature solution processability and cost-effectiveness.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dan Wang, Jiangli Gu, Hanlin Wang, Mingzhuang Liu, Yichun Liu, Xintong Zhang
Summary: By modifying porous BiVO4 photoanode with Co-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and calcining in the N-2 atmosphere, the photocurrent density of BiVO4-MOF-N-2 photoanode was significantly enhanced, promoting surface reactions and improving photoelectrochemical performance.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xintong Zhang, Hao Wu, Jingjing Niu, Yanfen Hu, Wentao Zhang, Jingjia Chang, Li Li, Jianjun Zhu, Chunle Zhang, Ming Liu
Summary: In this study, a risk scoring model consisting of 6 genes was developed to predict the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients. Differences were observed between high- and low-risk groups in terms of gene pathways, immune cell infiltration, and mutation frequency. This research is of great significance for a better understanding of tumor development and individualized assessment.
FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qi Huang, Zhiyuan Huang, Wenbin He, Xintong Zhang, Donghan Liu, Xiaocong Wang, Yuxin Leng, Meng Pang
Summary: This article reports experimental studies on the temporal structures of intra-cavity dispersive waves (DWs) in soliton fiber lasers. The DWs were found to have exponentially-decaying profiles that can be manipulated by varying cavity parameters. The amplitude and width of the DW waveform were observed to undergo variations as the pump power was changed, following the soliton energy evolution trajectories. These results provide insights into the emission mechanism of DWs in mode-locked lasers, and the control methods of intra-cavity DWs may find potential applications in ultrafast pulse generation and soliton dynamics.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jingjia Chang, Hao Wu, Jin Wu, Ming Liu, Wentao Zhang, Yanfen Hu, Xintong Zhang, Jing Xu, Li Li, Pengfei Yu, Jianjun Zhu
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the expression and prognostic value of mitochondrial-related genes in stomach adenocarcinoma patients. A mitochondrial-related risk model was established based on available databases and was validated for its predictive power. The results showed that the risk model was associated with immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint molecules. Additionally, certain drugs were found to be more effective for patients in different risk groups.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xintong Zhang, Xiaoxue Gai, Lihua Xu, Wenxue Ma, Qiaohan Liu, Bendong Shi, Cheng Fang, Jingzeng Cai, Ziwei Zhang
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of selenoprotein M (SelM) in endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in nickel-exposed mouse hearts and to explore the detoxifying effects of melatonin. The study found that nickel induced changes in the microstructure and ultrastructure of mouse hearts, as well as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. The antioxidant capacity of SelM and its modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis play important roles in nickel-induced heart injury.
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xintong Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Hong Zhao, Risheng Cao, Yini Dang, Binbin Yu
Summary: This study investigates the alteration of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in poststroke patients and their relationship with physical condition, intestinal health, pain, and nutritional status. The results demonstrate that poststroke patients have lower community richness of gut microbiota and reduced levels of SCFAs. These changes in gut microbiota are closely associated with physical function, intestinal function, pain, and nutritional status of poststroke patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Xintong Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Shuwei Wang, Yingjie Zhang, Zeyu Wang, Qingyan Yang, Song Wang, Risheng Cao, Binbin Yu, Yu Zheng, Yini Dang
Summary: This study aimed to identify metabolism-related diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for post-stroke depression (PSD) in stroke patients. Through gene expression analysis and machine learning algorithms, researchers identified two signature genes (SDHD and FERMT3) associated with depression. These findings contribute to early diagnosis and prevention of PSD in stroke patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xintong Zhang, Haiyi Qiu, Wang Luo, Kaofeng Huang, Ying Chen, Jiacheng Zhang, Bohan Wang, Daoling Peng, Yu Wang, Kezhi Zheng
Summary: Organic scintillators have low radioluminescence and inorganic scintillators are too bulky for flexible detectors. This study demonstrates high-resolution X-ray imaging using solution-processable lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks as microscale scintillators. By controlling the concentration ratio between Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions, efficient and color-tunable radioluminescence of lanthanide ions can be achieved. These metal-organic framework-based microscintillators allow the fabrication of flexible X-ray detectors with a detection limit of 23 nGy s(-1) and resolution higher than 16.6 line pairs per millimeter.
Article
Immunology
Xintong Zhang, Lihua Xu, Wenxue Ma, Bendong Shi, Qiaohan Liu, Yinghao Song, Cheng Fang, Pinnan Liu, Senqiu Qiao, Jingzeng Cai, Ziwei Zhang
Summary: Nickel (Ni) is widely used due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, but it can harm animals' immune system. This study investigates the effects of different concentrations of NiCl2 exposure and intervention with antioxidants on spleen lymphocytes to better understand the damage mechanism. The findings demonstrate that NiCl2 can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis, but these effects can be mitigated by antioxidants.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Xintong Zhang, Lihua Xu, Pinnan Liu, Wenxue Ma, Yue Liu, Senqiu Qiao, Qiaohan Liu, Jingzeng Cai, Ziwei Zhang
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xintong Zhang, Yanhong Liu, Congcong Xiao, Youyan Guan, Zhonggao Gao, Wei Huang
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the global population. Gene therapy may hold potential as a treatment option for RA, as many existing therapeutic drugs have severe side effects. The use of nanoparticle delivery systems can improve the stability of nucleic acids and enhance transfection efficiency in vivo, thereby making gene therapy for RA safer and more effective. This review provides an overview of current nanomaterials and targeting ligands used in RA gene therapy, as well as various gene delivery systems that may inform future research.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chao Liu, Hao Wu, Hongxia Duan, Yan Hou, Shuangqing Wang, Yanhong Liu, Xintong Zhang, Heming Zhao, Liming Gong, Hongshuang Wan, Bowen Zeng, Xiuquan Quan, Minhu Cui, Liqing Chen, Mingji Jin, Qiming Wang, Zhonggao Gao, Wei Huang
Summary: EGCG was transformed into a drug carrier by modifying it with Fmoc, which improved its lipid solubility and stability, enabling more efficient delivery of water-soluble EGCG to tumor sites.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ning Li, Yanbing Lv, Lei Wang, Jinjie Li, Yuanqi He, Jinjin Fan, Huanhuan Xing, Huaibin Shen, Xintong Zhang, Lin Song Li
Summary: This study investigates the positive ageing process of solution-processed hybrid quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) and demonstrates how it can be used to improve device performance. By adjusting the annealing temperature, the degree of positive ageing can be optimized.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingyuan Zheng, Jack H. Williams, Scott Elgersma, Mick D. Mantle, Andrew J. Sederman, G. Leendert Bezemer, Constant M. Guedon, Lynn F. Gladden
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor compatible with NMR/MRI was developed for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Multiple magnetic resonance techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize different product species within catalyst pellets, providing valuable information for catalyst and reactor optimization.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lisa Ramisch, Sebastian Pfaff, Sabrina M. Gericke, Edvin Lundgren, Johan Zetterberg
Summary: We present a combination of optical operando techniques that allow simultaneous measurement of adsorbed species on catalyst surfaces, monitoring of surface oxide formation, and imaging of the gas phase above the catalyst surface. The experimental setup was validated by studying CO oxidation on Pd(100) at different pressures, revealing the effects of pressure on the heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Paniagua, Gabriel Morales, Juan A. Melero, Daniel Garcia-Salgado
Summary: The influence of common impurities in levulinic acid on the catalytic performance of different acid catalysts for bio-jet fuel production was studied. It was found that furfural had the greatest detrimental effect on catalyst performance, while propyl-sulfonic acid-modified SBA-15 and sulfonic acid resin Amberlyst-70 showed good regeneration ability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jesus Tapiador, Pedro Leo, Guillermo Calleja, Gisela Orcajo
Summary: This study presents a new MOF material, Zn-URJC-13, with acid and basic sites, permanent porosity, and high affinity to CO2 molecules. The Zn-URJC-13 catalyst exhibits efficient performance in CO2 cycloaddition reactions and can be reused multiple times.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dan Zhao, Vita A. Kondratenko, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Shanlei Han, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Uwe Rodemerck, David Linke, Evgenii V. Kondratenko
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of cheap and commercially available Zr or Ti-based supports and ZnO to serve as active and selective catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The catalytically active species formed in situ under PDH conditions consist of isolated ZnOx. ZnOx on the surface of LaZrOx shows the highest rate of propene formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hanbyeol Kim, Jung Rae Kim, Young-Kwon Park, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Jungho Jae
Summary: In this study, metal phosphates were used as catalysts for biomass conversion to produce sustainable aromatics through DielsAlder cycloaddition reactions. The effects of synthesis method, activation method, and P/Ti molar ratio on the structure and acid properties of titanium phosphate catalysts were systematically studied. The mesoporous titanium phosphate catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180℃ for 12 h followed by ethanol refluxing at 60℃ for 24 h at a molar P/Ti ratio of 1 showed the highest surface area and acid site density.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yasin Khani, Sumin Pyo, Kwang-Eun Jeong, Chul-Ung Kim, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Siyoung Q. Choi, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: A protonated form of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (H-ZSM-5) catalyst was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using different sources of silica. The effect of loading the catalyst with yttrium, samarium, and gadolinium on the acidic properties was investigated. Among the metal-loaded catalysts, the Sm/LHZ catalyst showed the best performance in the methanol to propylene conversion due to its high amount of weak and intermediate acid sites, while the Gd-LHZ catalyst increased the selectivity towards ethane and propane.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Michael Franc, Ivana Cisarova, Jan Vesely
Summary: The present study investigates an enantioselective cyclization of enals with imidazolone derivatives catalyzed by a combination of achiral Pd(0) complex and chiral secondary amine. Corresponding spirocyclic imidazolones were produced in high yields with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. The developed co-operative catalytic methodology provides a highly substituted spirocyclic scaffold with four stereogenic centers under mild conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mauro Alvarez, Jennifer Cueto, David P. Serrano, Pablo Marin, Salvador Ordonez
Summary: This study focuses on improving the formulation and preparation methods of catalysts for the production of dimethyl carbonate. By using suitable catalyst preparation methods and copper salt precursors, the researchers successfully produced catalysts with optimal performance for dimethyl carbonate formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Claudia J. Keijzer, Luc C. J. Smulders, Dennie Wezendonk, Jan Willem de Rijk, Petra E. de Jongh
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic behavior of alpha-alumina supported silver catalysts in the presence of chloride. It is found that the particle size of silver can affect the selectivity of the catalyst, but different strategies lead to different results. In this size range, the selectivity of ethylene oxide is correlated to the Ag : Al2O3 surface ratio.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Takeshi Aihara, Wataru Aoki, Michikazu Hara, Keigo Kamata
Summary: The development of acid-base bifunctional catalysts is important for promoting specific chemical transformations. In this study, Ti-based perovskite oxides were synthesized and used as catalysts for two C-C bond-forming reactions (cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation). The highly pure SrTiO3 nanoparticles with a high specific surface area exhibited the highest catalytic performance, and could be easily recovered and reused.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Olga Gorlova, Petra Pribylova, Eliska Vyskocilova, Katerina Peroutkova, Jan Kohout, Iva Paterova
Summary: This study investigates the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of beta-cyclocitral using tin-modified mixed oxides as catalysts. The optimal reaction conditions and the effects of various factors on the reaction course and selectivity were determined. The results show that tin-modified mixed oxides exhibit high activity and selectivity in the oxidation reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. I. Avila, M. M. Alonso-Doncel, L. Briones, G. Gomez-Pozuelo, J. M. Escola, D. P. Serrano, A. Peral, J. A. Botas
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin using ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts showed significant improvements in bio-oil quality and the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrico Catizzone, Giorgia Ferrarelli, Paolo Bruno, Girolamo Giordano, Massimo Migliori
Summary: The acid-catalysed alcohol conversion reaction is a promising route for de-fossilization strategies. Research on pure alcohol conversion and simultaneous dehydration of mixed alcohols have shown different product compositions, with the type and distribution of acid sites affecting the reaction mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alireza Ranjbari, Juho Kim, Jihee Yu, Jiyun Kim, Mireu Park, Nayoung Kim, Kristof Demeestere, Philippe M. Heynderickx
Summary: This study investigated a novel kinetic model for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using commercial ZnO and reduced ZnO photocatalysts. The results provided new insights into the interaction of catalysts with molecules of different charges and compared with a previous study on methylene blue. The presence of oxygen vacancies in ZnO and their effects on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were analyzed, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of reduced ZnO was found to increase significantly.
