Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaoxue Han, Jing Lv, Shouying Huang, Qiao Zhao, Yue Wang, Zhenhua Li, Xinbin Ma
Summary: The conversion of syngas to liquid fuels and chemicals using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a promising alternative route. In this study, carbon-encapsulated nanoparticles were synthesized to control particle size and improve catalytic activity. The catalytic performance of these nanoparticles (Fe@C) was found to be superior to conventional carbon-supported nanoparticles (Fe/C). By tuning the particle size, a peak in iron time yield was obtained, suggesting that particle size plays a significant role in catalytic performance. This study provides insights into the size effect on Fe-based catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanping Chen, Jiatong Wei, Melis S. Duyar, Vitaly V. Ordomsky, Andrei Y. Khodakov, Jian Liu
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in the preparation of carbon-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, highlighting the importance of support and metal properties, activity, product selectivity, and their interactions. Current challenges and future trends in the commercial utilization of carbon-based catalysts for FTS are also discussed.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Deizi Peron, Alan J. Barrios, Alan Taschin, Iulian Dugulan, Carlo Marini, Giulio Gorni, Simona Moldovan, Siddardha Koneti, Robert Wojcieszak, Joris W. Thybaut, Mirella Virginie, Andrei Y. Khodakov
Summary: The study found that antimony and tin have strong promoting effects on silica supported iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, significantly increasing the reaction rate and improving catalyst stability. The addition of these elements through impregnation can increase the intrinsic activity of iron surface sites by 7-10 times without affecting iron dispersion.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Can Zhu, Chao Huang, Mingwei Zhang, Yizhuo Han, Kegong Fang
Summary: Constructing hierarchically structured FeMnK@H-S-1(x) catalysts can enhance light olefins selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, with the hierarchy factor playing a key role in promoting light olefins formation. Maximizing the hierarchy factor benefits the coordination of shape selective function and transport efficiency, leading to boosted light olefins selectivity on the synthesized catalysts. Additionally, moderate H-2 activation capacity and suppressed olefins secondary reactions also contribute to the enhanced light olefins selectivity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dalia Liuzzi, Francisco J. Perez-Alonso, Sergio Rojas
Summary: Ru-Co/Al2O3 and Ru-Fe/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by reduction-deposition method exhibit high activity in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, showing different conversion rates and product selectivity. The interaction between Ru and Co in Ru-Co/Al2O3 enhances the activity, while Ru-Fe/Al2O3 displays superior initial performance but declines over time, with less enriched products compared to Ru/Al2O3.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zahra Teimouri, Nicolas Abatzoglou, Ajay K. Dalai
Summary: In this study, machine learning was used to optimize the process conditions for synthesis of mesoporous activated carbon (AC) from biomass, which served as a catalyst support in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The random forest regression (RFR) method achieved the best prediction accuracy for the textural features of AC. The AC prepared under the optimized conditions showed promising potential as a biomass-based catalyst support for FTS, with superior activity and selectivity compared to other catalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kun Liu, Adrian Ramirez, Xin Zhang, Mustafa Caglayan, Xuan Gong, Jorge Gascon, Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
Summary: The CO2-to-aromatics process converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable petrochemicals, specifically aromatics like benzene, toluene, and xylene, using metal/zeolite bifunctional catalytic systems. These aromatics are currently derived exclusively from fossil fuels and are used in various industrial applications. This process can help mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a more sustainable and circular economy by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiachun Chai, Robert Pestman, Wei Chen, A. Iulian Dugulan, Bo Feng, Zhuowu Men, Peng Wang, Emiel J. M. Hensen
Summary: The formation of Fe-carbide phases is crucial for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Carburization of Raney Fe showed that CO dissociation occurs at -150 degrees C, while C diffusion into metallic Fe requires higher temperature. The carburization rate increases with H2/CO ratio, leading to predominant formation of carbon-rich ε'-carbide.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rui Hu, Tianye Wang, Yifan Wang, Yuan Zhu, Li Xie, Enhui Xing, Yu Wu, Zhijian Da
Summary: A nano-hollow zeolite-encapsulating ultra-fine Fe nanoparticle catalyst, Fe@Sn-h-HT, was synthesized via water steam treatment of the Fe@Sn-h catalyst prepared by the dissolution-recrystallization (D-R) method. Fe@Sn-h-HT catalyst possessed a hierarchical porous structure and a well-dispersed Fe2O3 particles with a size of 3.4 nm. Additionally, characterization methods such as XRD, HAADF-STEM, and H-2-TPR confirmed the transformation of skeleton Fe in Fe@Sn-h into uniformly dispersed Fe2O3 in Fe@Sn-h-HT catalyst. The higher selectivity and yield of C-2-C-4(=) compared to reference catalysts Fe/S and Fe@Sn-h provided strong evidence for the confined catalysis of the metal@zeolite catalyst.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Kabir Opeyemi Otun, Yali Yao, Xinying Liu, Diane Hildebrandt
Summary: This article discusses the importance of iron carbides in research and fuel technology, introduces the different phases of iron carbides in FTS, and explores their structure, performance, and stability. The article critically examines the challenges of iron carbides in FTS and outlines future research directions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fangxu Lu, Xin Chen, Zhigang Lei, Lixiong Wen, Yi Zhang
Summary: Research on iron-based catalysts doped with SiO2 or Al2O3 has shown that adjusting the formation of iron carbides can enhance the activity of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions. Characterization results using techniques such as XPS and CO-DRIFTS revealed that SiO2 or Al2O3 affects the electronic state of iron atoms and promotes the formation of Fe-Si or Fe-Al interactions on the surface of iron powder, which in turn plays a key role in the formation of the active phase ε-Fe2C. The content of ε-Fe2C is found to be more beneficial to activity compared to the traditionally recognized active phase χ-Fe5C2 in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Avinashkumar V. Karre, Dady B. Dadyburjor
Summary: Iron-based catalysts play a crucial role in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and the addition of different metal promoters can enhance the reactivity and stability of the catalyst. Zeolites not only convert long-chain hydrocarbons into gasoline and diesel, but also optimize the yield of olefin, aromatic, and branched products.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Roman E. Yakovenko, Grigory B. Narochnyi, Ivan N. Zubkov, Ekaterina A. Bozhenko, Yash V. Kataria, Roman D. Svetogorov, Alexander P. Savost'yanov
Summary: This article presents a simple method for producing high-octane gasoline from CO and H-2 using a Co-Al2O3/SiO2/HZSM-5/Al2O3 hybrid catalyst. By adjusting the pressure and temperature, the content of branched hydrocarbons can be increased. The experimental batch of gasoline fraction produced under the optimized process parameters has an octane number of 78.5 units.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mikhail Shipilin, David Degerman, Patrick Lomker, Christopher M. Goodwin, Gabriel L. S. Rodrigues, Michael Wagsta, Joergen Gladh, Hsin-Yi Wang, Andreas Stierle, Christoph Schlueter, Lars G. M. Pettersson, Anders Nilsson, Peter Amann
Summary: In this study, the effect of pressure, temperature, time, and gas feed composition on the growth dynamics of iron-carbon phases was investigated. The details of iron surface carburization and product formation under realistic conditions were revealed using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. This research provides important insights into the relationship between the catalyst's surface and the reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joakim Tafjord, Samuel K. Regli, Achim Iulian Dugulan, Magnus Ronning, Erling Rytter, Anders Holmen, Rune Myrstad, Jia Yang
Summary: Transition metals supported on carbons are important in catalysis and energy storage. Pyrolysis of metal alginate can produce highly active catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. This study explores the evolution of carbon and transition metal during pyrolysis and provides valuable knowledge for rational design of metal-alginate-based materials.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Avinashkumar V. Karre, Alaa Kababji, Edwin L. Kugler, Dady B. Dadyburjor
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Deepak Sharma, Avinashkumar V. Karre, Kalliat T. Valsaraj
Summary: The study investigated the debottlenecking of an existing brine system as part of a new chemical manufacturing facility expansion, using mathematical equations to estimate salt loading profile and studying the effects of increased soft water demand. The research demonstrated the reusability of existing brine pit and pumps for future brine demand, with the potential for increased regenerations through optimized logistics and maintenance. The study methodology can be applied to similar systems in plant expansions to avoid new pit systems and reduce capital costs, with effective prevention of brine seepage through concrete walls and recommendation of a PVC tank system for future projects.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Avinashkumar V. Karre, Dady B. Dadyburjor
Summary: Iron-based catalysts play a crucial role in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and the addition of different metal promoters can enhance the reactivity and stability of the catalyst. Zeolites not only convert long-chain hydrocarbons into gasoline and diesel, but also optimize the yield of olefin, aromatic, and branched products.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Deepak Sharma, Avinashkumar V. Karre, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Sumit Sharma
Summary: A highly efficient neutralization process for regenerating waste has been developed, significantly reducing the neutralization volume and chemicals required, as well as lowering operating and capital costs. This improvement is environmentally friendly and provides significant benefits to the chemical industries requiring demineralized water.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Avinashkumar V. Karre, Tianxing Cai, Akash Jena, Avanindra Jaiswal, Abhishek Jaiswal
Summary: A pressure relief valve cannot depressurize a vessel or system; it can only limit the maximum pressure during emergencies. To remove pressurized hazardous compounds, a blowdown system is used, but some liquid may still remain in the vessel. This paper explains criteria for designing a blowdown system, presents examples of factors affecting blowdown time, illustrates the Joule-Thomson effect, discusses activation mechanisms, and provides a simplified design procedure.
PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Avinashkumar V. Karre, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Vivek Vasagar
Summary: This article reviews the surface chemistry of atmospheric aerosols, focusing on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions in bulk water and the air-water surface. Water plays a crucial role as a substrate and reactant in atmospheric reactions. The shape and surface area of atmospheric aerosols vary. Many reactive gases and oxidants react at the air-water surface. Different thermodynamic methods are explored to estimate partitioning coefficients. The reduction of Gibbs free energy when reactant gases react with oxidants at the air-water surface is explained using examples. Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction mechanism is discussed to quantify the heterogeneous reaction rate at the air-water interface. Critical comparisons of various sampling techniques used to analyze adsorption and reaction at the water surface are presented. The heterogeneous reaction rate at the air-water surface is significantly higher than in the bulk water phase due to a cage effect, higher reaction rates, and lower Gibbs free energy of adsorption.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Avinashkumar V. Karre, Tianxing Cai
Summary: Biochar is an effective material for removing nitrobenzene from both water and soil. Innovative uses of biochar include soil remediation, water treatment, and biochar-based adsorbents and membranes. These applications have the potential to greatly benefit environmental chemical engineering.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Avinashkumar Karre, Deepak Sharma, Kalliat T. Valsaraj
Summary: The analysis and modification of a clarifier piping system for the expansion of a chemical manufacturing facility in the U.S. Gulf Coast involved debottlenecking and estimating fouling. Real-world fitting data was collected and used in hydraulic system analysis with programs like AFT Fathom. The study identified issues in the existing system, made necessary modifications, and validated the results with actual plant data.
CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingyuan Zheng, Jack H. Williams, Scott Elgersma, Mick D. Mantle, Andrew J. Sederman, G. Leendert Bezemer, Constant M. Guedon, Lynn F. Gladden
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor compatible with NMR/MRI was developed for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Multiple magnetic resonance techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize different product species within catalyst pellets, providing valuable information for catalyst and reactor optimization.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lisa Ramisch, Sebastian Pfaff, Sabrina M. Gericke, Edvin Lundgren, Johan Zetterberg
Summary: We present a combination of optical operando techniques that allow simultaneous measurement of adsorbed species on catalyst surfaces, monitoring of surface oxide formation, and imaging of the gas phase above the catalyst surface. The experimental setup was validated by studying CO oxidation on Pd(100) at different pressures, revealing the effects of pressure on the heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Paniagua, Gabriel Morales, Juan A. Melero, Daniel Garcia-Salgado
Summary: The influence of common impurities in levulinic acid on the catalytic performance of different acid catalysts for bio-jet fuel production was studied. It was found that furfural had the greatest detrimental effect on catalyst performance, while propyl-sulfonic acid-modified SBA-15 and sulfonic acid resin Amberlyst-70 showed good regeneration ability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jesus Tapiador, Pedro Leo, Guillermo Calleja, Gisela Orcajo
Summary: This study presents a new MOF material, Zn-URJC-13, with acid and basic sites, permanent porosity, and high affinity to CO2 molecules. The Zn-URJC-13 catalyst exhibits efficient performance in CO2 cycloaddition reactions and can be reused multiple times.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dan Zhao, Vita A. Kondratenko, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Shanlei Han, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Uwe Rodemerck, David Linke, Evgenii V. Kondratenko
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of cheap and commercially available Zr or Ti-based supports and ZnO to serve as active and selective catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The catalytically active species formed in situ under PDH conditions consist of isolated ZnOx. ZnOx on the surface of LaZrOx shows the highest rate of propene formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hanbyeol Kim, Jung Rae Kim, Young-Kwon Park, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Jungho Jae
Summary: In this study, metal phosphates were used as catalysts for biomass conversion to produce sustainable aromatics through DielsAlder cycloaddition reactions. The effects of synthesis method, activation method, and P/Ti molar ratio on the structure and acid properties of titanium phosphate catalysts were systematically studied. The mesoporous titanium phosphate catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180℃ for 12 h followed by ethanol refluxing at 60℃ for 24 h at a molar P/Ti ratio of 1 showed the highest surface area and acid site density.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yasin Khani, Sumin Pyo, Kwang-Eun Jeong, Chul-Ung Kim, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Siyoung Q. Choi, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: A protonated form of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (H-ZSM-5) catalyst was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using different sources of silica. The effect of loading the catalyst with yttrium, samarium, and gadolinium on the acidic properties was investigated. Among the metal-loaded catalysts, the Sm/LHZ catalyst showed the best performance in the methanol to propylene conversion due to its high amount of weak and intermediate acid sites, while the Gd-LHZ catalyst increased the selectivity towards ethane and propane.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Michael Franc, Ivana Cisarova, Jan Vesely
Summary: The present study investigates an enantioselective cyclization of enals with imidazolone derivatives catalyzed by a combination of achiral Pd(0) complex and chiral secondary amine. Corresponding spirocyclic imidazolones were produced in high yields with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. The developed co-operative catalytic methodology provides a highly substituted spirocyclic scaffold with four stereogenic centers under mild conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mauro Alvarez, Jennifer Cueto, David P. Serrano, Pablo Marin, Salvador Ordonez
Summary: This study focuses on improving the formulation and preparation methods of catalysts for the production of dimethyl carbonate. By using suitable catalyst preparation methods and copper salt precursors, the researchers successfully produced catalysts with optimal performance for dimethyl carbonate formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Claudia J. Keijzer, Luc C. J. Smulders, Dennie Wezendonk, Jan Willem de Rijk, Petra E. de Jongh
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic behavior of alpha-alumina supported silver catalysts in the presence of chloride. It is found that the particle size of silver can affect the selectivity of the catalyst, but different strategies lead to different results. In this size range, the selectivity of ethylene oxide is correlated to the Ag : Al2O3 surface ratio.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Takeshi Aihara, Wataru Aoki, Michikazu Hara, Keigo Kamata
Summary: The development of acid-base bifunctional catalysts is important for promoting specific chemical transformations. In this study, Ti-based perovskite oxides were synthesized and used as catalysts for two C-C bond-forming reactions (cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation). The highly pure SrTiO3 nanoparticles with a high specific surface area exhibited the highest catalytic performance, and could be easily recovered and reused.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Olga Gorlova, Petra Pribylova, Eliska Vyskocilova, Katerina Peroutkova, Jan Kohout, Iva Paterova
Summary: This study investigates the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of beta-cyclocitral using tin-modified mixed oxides as catalysts. The optimal reaction conditions and the effects of various factors on the reaction course and selectivity were determined. The results show that tin-modified mixed oxides exhibit high activity and selectivity in the oxidation reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. I. Avila, M. M. Alonso-Doncel, L. Briones, G. Gomez-Pozuelo, J. M. Escola, D. P. Serrano, A. Peral, J. A. Botas
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin using ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts showed significant improvements in bio-oil quality and the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrico Catizzone, Giorgia Ferrarelli, Paolo Bruno, Girolamo Giordano, Massimo Migliori
Summary: The acid-catalysed alcohol conversion reaction is a promising route for de-fossilization strategies. Research on pure alcohol conversion and simultaneous dehydration of mixed alcohols have shown different product compositions, with the type and distribution of acid sites affecting the reaction mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alireza Ranjbari, Juho Kim, Jihee Yu, Jiyun Kim, Mireu Park, Nayoung Kim, Kristof Demeestere, Philippe M. Heynderickx
Summary: This study investigated a novel kinetic model for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using commercial ZnO and reduced ZnO photocatalysts. The results provided new insights into the interaction of catalysts with molecules of different charges and compared with a previous study on methylene blue. The presence of oxygen vacancies in ZnO and their effects on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were analyzed, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of reduced ZnO was found to increase significantly.
