Article
Chemistry, Physical
Felix Herold, Oliver Leubner, Philipp Pfeifer, Dina Zakgeym, Alfons Drochner, Wei Qi, Bastian J. M. Etzold
Summary: Manipulation of carbon surface functionalization, especially oxygen surface groups, is crucial for high-performance materials. This study focuses on selective organic chemistry-based functionalization of polymer-derived porous carbon with high oxygen loadings to establish analytical standards. Different types of oxygen surface groups are successfully introduced by chemical reduction and protection group chemistry, and their chemical properties on the material surface are studied. Evaluation of all materials using various analytical methods provides a basis for their use as analytical standards.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Eleonora Vottero, Michele Carosso, Riccardo Pellegrini, Andrea Piovano, Elena Groppo
Summary: This study presents a multi-technique method for the identification and quantification of functional groups in activated carbons, and characterizes seven different carbons used in catalysis. The novel approach is capable of accurately detecting and quantifying released gases.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ilknur Demiral, Canan Samdan, Hakan Demiral
Summary: This study synthesized activated carbon from peach stones and fruit juice industrial wastes, enriching the surface functional groups through HNO3 oxidation. Acid modification significantly affected the surface area and pore structures of the activated carbon, leading to collapse of micropores and an increase in mesopores. By utilizing 69% nitric acid modification, the activated carbon showed increased diversity in surface functional groups and total surface acidity.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Felix Herold, Oliver Leubner, Katharina Jeschonek, Christian Hess, Alfons Drochner, Wei Qi, Bastian J. M. Etzold
Summary: A method based on hydrolysis, thermal annealing, or a combination of both, has been developed to disentangle carbonyl absorption maxima of carboxylic acids, anhydrides, and lactones on carbon surfaces. Thorough characterization using various techniques was carried out to verify the proposed transformations, paving the way for in situ time-resolved analyses. The method allows for the deduction of carbonyl absorption maxima positions, enabling the deconvolution of the carbonyl band.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuanzhou Xi, Nathan A. Ottinger, Christopher J. Keturakis, Z. Gerald Liu
Summary: The study investigates the fundamental characteristics of N2O formation during SCR reactions over a Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst at 200 degrees C, finding that a more oxidized Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst containing higher levels of Cu-oxy species produces more N2O.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Gao, Li Cao, Xiaodong Wu, Xu Zhang, Ziran Ma, Rui Ran, Zhichun Si, Duan Weng, Baodong Wang
Summary: CeNbTi catalyst was poisoned by sulfur in different atmospheres, and the addition of NH3 effectively inhibited catalyst deactivation. The roles of NH3 in removing surface sulfates were studied using TPD analysis and DRIFTS experiments, and it was found that ammonium sulfates were generated under certain conditions.
Article
Electrochemistry
Giovanna Franklin, El -Mahdi Halim, Celine Merlet, Pierre -Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon
Summary: The influence of surface chemistry on heterogeneous electron transfer at activated carbon electrodes was studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and conventional electrochemical measurements. The local and overall electrode electron transfer rate constants were measured. The results showed that the oxidation and defunctionalization of the surface led to an increase in the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant. SECM results indicated that the heat treatment increased the conductivity of the activated carbon, while the oxidation of the surface enhanced the wettability and accessibility of the pores, promoting electron transfer. The local information obtained by SECM is valuable for understanding the nanoscale interfacial mechanisms and improving the electrochemical performance of porous carbon electrodes.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ju-Hwan Kim, Seok-Hwi Kim, Byung-Joo Kim, Hye-Min Lee
Summary: The correlation between oxygen functional groups (OFGs) in activated carbon (AC) and their electrochemical characteristics was investigated. Heat treatment in hydrogen gas was found to improve the electrochemical performance of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) without destroying the pore characteristics of AC.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenyan Zhang, Hangmin Guan, Yingfei Hu, Wei Wang, Linyun Hao, Xiaoli Yang, Wenjie Tian
Summary: The study presents a novel approach to utilize waste toner powder as a photocatalyst by activating it with cheap Ni species. The activated waste toner@Ni-species showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity, with a 62-fold increase in hydrogen evolution rate and a 64-fold increase in apparent quantum efficiencies. Additionally, the waste toner@Ni-species exhibited higher charge separation efficiency, faster interfacial charge transfer rate, and a lower barrier for proton reduction compared to pristine waste toner.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesca Cerciello, Osvalda Senneca, Antonio Coppola, Annunziata Forgione, Paolo Lacovig, Piero Salatino
Summary: The study revealed a significant shift in surface oxides and the desorption of CO and CO2 with increasing oxidation temperature. Epoxy moieties were prevalent under low oxygen coverages and mild oxidation temperatures, while edge carbon oxygen complexes increased as the oxidation temperature rose. The results indicate a strong correlation between the evolution of surface oxides, particularly from epoxy to ether/carbonyl, and the desorption of CO and CO2.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuhai Sun, Jingyi Han, Kai Xu, Keying Wu, Wei Wu, Xu Zhang, Boqiong Jiang
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of plasma catalytic toluene degradation using a series of Mn-based catalysts. The interaction between plasma and Ag-Mn/γ-Al2O3 was found to enhance the utilization of plasma-induced active oxygen species and chemically adsorbed oxygen. The possible ring-opening mechanisms over different catalysts were proposed after analyzing the evolution of typical intermediates.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xue Yang, Haiqian Zhao, Zhibin Qu, Mingqi He, Ziyu Tang, Shiwei Lai, Zhonghua Wang
Summary: The distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface affects the efficiency of Electro-Fenton treatment of high-concentration formaldehyde wastewater. Different oxygen-containing functional groups have different effects on the adsorption of formaldehyde, with some functional groups enhancing the adsorption of formaldehyde on the carbon surface.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenbing Yang, Huahua Zhao, Jian Yang, Jun Zhao, Liang Yan, Lingjun Chou, Huanling Song
Summary: The performance of Ni catalysts supported on different activated carbons for ethanol carbonylation varies considerably. Physicochemical properties of the catalysts have been investigated, indicating that catalysts with less oxygen-containing groups and smaller pore size are more effective. Ethane iodide is essential for the reaction and the mechanism involves CO insertion and elimination of ethylene in the intermediate.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luyuan Wang, Chengbo Xuan, Xingyu Zhang, Rongfeng Sun, Xingxing Cheng, Zhiqiang Wang, Chunyuan Ma
Summary: A series of coal-based materials were prepared using a hydrothermal method combined with high-temperature CO2 activation. The surface functional groups and pore structure of the materials were optimized through K modification. The investigation found that optimizing the pore structure, functional groups, and surface metal can enhance the NOx adsorption capacity on the surface of the coal-based materials. Oxygen-containing active functional groups with moderately high C-O and R2C=O contents also contribute to the adsorption of NO. This study is significant for NOx adsorption removal technology.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aneeshma Peter, Benedicte Rety, Cyril Vaulot, Wajdi Heni, Thierry Steinbauer, Camelia Matei Ghimbeu
Summary: The physicochemical properties of activated carbon were investigated to evaluate its potential for adsorbing cyanuric acid. It was found that acidic pH conditions favor the adsorption process. A UV-vis spectroscopy-based method was developed to accurately measure traces of cyanuric acid in water, which can be helpful for research and development purposes. Batch adsorption experiments confirmed that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption, and it depends on the surface chemistry of activated carbon and the reaction pH.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingyuan Zheng, Jack H. Williams, Scott Elgersma, Mick D. Mantle, Andrew J. Sederman, G. Leendert Bezemer, Constant M. Guedon, Lynn F. Gladden
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor compatible with NMR/MRI was developed for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Multiple magnetic resonance techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize different product species within catalyst pellets, providing valuable information for catalyst and reactor optimization.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lisa Ramisch, Sebastian Pfaff, Sabrina M. Gericke, Edvin Lundgren, Johan Zetterberg
Summary: We present a combination of optical operando techniques that allow simultaneous measurement of adsorbed species on catalyst surfaces, monitoring of surface oxide formation, and imaging of the gas phase above the catalyst surface. The experimental setup was validated by studying CO oxidation on Pd(100) at different pressures, revealing the effects of pressure on the heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Paniagua, Gabriel Morales, Juan A. Melero, Daniel Garcia-Salgado
Summary: The influence of common impurities in levulinic acid on the catalytic performance of different acid catalysts for bio-jet fuel production was studied. It was found that furfural had the greatest detrimental effect on catalyst performance, while propyl-sulfonic acid-modified SBA-15 and sulfonic acid resin Amberlyst-70 showed good regeneration ability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jesus Tapiador, Pedro Leo, Guillermo Calleja, Gisela Orcajo
Summary: This study presents a new MOF material, Zn-URJC-13, with acid and basic sites, permanent porosity, and high affinity to CO2 molecules. The Zn-URJC-13 catalyst exhibits efficient performance in CO2 cycloaddition reactions and can be reused multiple times.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dan Zhao, Vita A. Kondratenko, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Shanlei Han, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Uwe Rodemerck, David Linke, Evgenii V. Kondratenko
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of cheap and commercially available Zr or Ti-based supports and ZnO to serve as active and selective catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The catalytically active species formed in situ under PDH conditions consist of isolated ZnOx. ZnOx on the surface of LaZrOx shows the highest rate of propene formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hanbyeol Kim, Jung Rae Kim, Young-Kwon Park, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Jungho Jae
Summary: In this study, metal phosphates were used as catalysts for biomass conversion to produce sustainable aromatics through DielsAlder cycloaddition reactions. The effects of synthesis method, activation method, and P/Ti molar ratio on the structure and acid properties of titanium phosphate catalysts were systematically studied. The mesoporous titanium phosphate catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180℃ for 12 h followed by ethanol refluxing at 60℃ for 24 h at a molar P/Ti ratio of 1 showed the highest surface area and acid site density.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yasin Khani, Sumin Pyo, Kwang-Eun Jeong, Chul-Ung Kim, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Siyoung Q. Choi, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: A protonated form of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (H-ZSM-5) catalyst was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using different sources of silica. The effect of loading the catalyst with yttrium, samarium, and gadolinium on the acidic properties was investigated. Among the metal-loaded catalysts, the Sm/LHZ catalyst showed the best performance in the methanol to propylene conversion due to its high amount of weak and intermediate acid sites, while the Gd-LHZ catalyst increased the selectivity towards ethane and propane.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Michael Franc, Ivana Cisarova, Jan Vesely
Summary: The present study investigates an enantioselective cyclization of enals with imidazolone derivatives catalyzed by a combination of achiral Pd(0) complex and chiral secondary amine. Corresponding spirocyclic imidazolones were produced in high yields with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. The developed co-operative catalytic methodology provides a highly substituted spirocyclic scaffold with four stereogenic centers under mild conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mauro Alvarez, Jennifer Cueto, David P. Serrano, Pablo Marin, Salvador Ordonez
Summary: This study focuses on improving the formulation and preparation methods of catalysts for the production of dimethyl carbonate. By using suitable catalyst preparation methods and copper salt precursors, the researchers successfully produced catalysts with optimal performance for dimethyl carbonate formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Claudia J. Keijzer, Luc C. J. Smulders, Dennie Wezendonk, Jan Willem de Rijk, Petra E. de Jongh
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic behavior of alpha-alumina supported silver catalysts in the presence of chloride. It is found that the particle size of silver can affect the selectivity of the catalyst, but different strategies lead to different results. In this size range, the selectivity of ethylene oxide is correlated to the Ag : Al2O3 surface ratio.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Takeshi Aihara, Wataru Aoki, Michikazu Hara, Keigo Kamata
Summary: The development of acid-base bifunctional catalysts is important for promoting specific chemical transformations. In this study, Ti-based perovskite oxides were synthesized and used as catalysts for two C-C bond-forming reactions (cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation). The highly pure SrTiO3 nanoparticles with a high specific surface area exhibited the highest catalytic performance, and could be easily recovered and reused.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Olga Gorlova, Petra Pribylova, Eliska Vyskocilova, Katerina Peroutkova, Jan Kohout, Iva Paterova
Summary: This study investigates the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of beta-cyclocitral using tin-modified mixed oxides as catalysts. The optimal reaction conditions and the effects of various factors on the reaction course and selectivity were determined. The results show that tin-modified mixed oxides exhibit high activity and selectivity in the oxidation reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. I. Avila, M. M. Alonso-Doncel, L. Briones, G. Gomez-Pozuelo, J. M. Escola, D. P. Serrano, A. Peral, J. A. Botas
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin using ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts showed significant improvements in bio-oil quality and the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrico Catizzone, Giorgia Ferrarelli, Paolo Bruno, Girolamo Giordano, Massimo Migliori
Summary: The acid-catalysed alcohol conversion reaction is a promising route for de-fossilization strategies. Research on pure alcohol conversion and simultaneous dehydration of mixed alcohols have shown different product compositions, with the type and distribution of acid sites affecting the reaction mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alireza Ranjbari, Juho Kim, Jihee Yu, Jiyun Kim, Mireu Park, Nayoung Kim, Kristof Demeestere, Philippe M. Heynderickx
Summary: This study investigated a novel kinetic model for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using commercial ZnO and reduced ZnO photocatalysts. The results provided new insights into the interaction of catalysts with molecules of different charges and compared with a previous study on methylene blue. The presence of oxygen vacancies in ZnO and their effects on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were analyzed, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of reduced ZnO was found to increase significantly.