Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stavroula A. Paschou, Evanthia Bletsa, Katerina Saltiki, Paraskevi Kazakou, Kanella Kantreva, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Nikoletta Rovina, Georgia Trakada, Petros Bakakos, Charalambos V. Vlachopoulos, Theodora Psaltopoulou
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common and serious public health issue that is associated with the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OSA is an independent risk factor for the development and progression of T2DM, as well as T2DM-related cardiovascular complications. OSA may also increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. OSA and T2DM share common pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to atherosclerosis. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of OSA and T2DM, as it increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality, and screen for OSA in patients with T2DM. Targeted therapy for both conditions can significantly improve cardiovascular prognosis.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Francesco Mattace-Raso, Jeannette A. Goudzwaard, Harmke A. Polinder-Bos, Lisanne Tap
Summary: Current guidelines on cardiovascular risk management may not be applicable for older adults with dementia, as previous studies have not specifically included this population. Considering the potential risks and benefits, individualized treatment strategies and regular monitoring are necessary in managing cardiovascular risk in older patients with dementia. The focus should be on maintaining quality of life, preventing cognitive and functional deterioration, and promoting independence.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Antonio E. Pesaro, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Marcelo Franken, Jose A. M. Carvalho, Daniel Bernardes, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Raul D. Santos
Summary: The FINDRISC score is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammation, showing good predictive value for incident T2DM but less accuracy for inflammation.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elizabeth Y. Liu, Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani, Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Joshua J. Joseph, Rita R. Kalyani
Summary: This study revealed that preventive aspirin use was more common among older adults with diabetes compared to those without diabetes, with approximately 9.9 million older adults in the US previously taking aspirin for primary prevention now not recommended to continue its use.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tasveer Khawaja, Jennifer Linge, Olof D. Leinhard, Sadeer G. Al-Kindi, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Amit Khera, James A. de Lemos, Parag Joshi, Ian J. Neeland
Summary: This study found that coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk regardless of type 2 diabetes (T2D) status. The association between hepatic triglyceride content (HTC) and ASCVD risk is inversely correlated in individuals with T2D compared to those without T2D. This suggests that HTC may have a protective effect in individuals with T2D.
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaoming Jia, Leo Buckley, Caroline Sun, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Bing Yu, Vijay Nambi, Salim S. Virani, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Josef Coresh, Amil M. Shah, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: Higher levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 in older adults are associated with an increased risk of global cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure) and death. The association between interleukin-6 and global cardiovascular disease is stronger than that for interleukin-18, and remains significant even after adjustments for other biomarkers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hartej Gill, Nelson B. Rodrigues, Rodrigo B. Mansur, CeAnn A. Marks, Joshua D. DiVincenzo, Felicia Ceban, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Bing Cao, Jonathan M. Lieberman, Roger Ho, Roger S. McIntyre
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects of adjunctive infliximab treatment in BD patients and understand its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The results showed no significant differences between the infliximab-treated and placebo group in terms of Framingham risk scores (FRS), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and total cholesterol (TC). This suggests that immune system targets have complex effects on CVD in psychiatric populations.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christine Gyldenkerne, Jakob S. Knudsen, Kevin K. W. Olesen, Henrik T. Sorensen, Hans E. Botker, Reimar W. Thomsen, Michael Maeng
Summary: From 1996 to 2011, Danish patients with incident type 2 diabetes and no prior cardiovascular disease experienced significant reductions in cardiac risk and mortality. These risk reductions coincided with increased use of prophylactic cardiovascular medications.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Demetria Hubbard, Lisandro D. Colantonio, Robert S. Rosenson, Todd M. Brown, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Lei Huang, Kate K. Orroth, Stephanie Reading, Mark Woodward, Vera Bittner, Orlando M. Gutierrez, Monika M. Safford, Michael E. Farkouh, Paul Muntner
Summary: This study compared the risk for recurrent cardiovascular disease events among patients with a history of CVD and different levels of diabetes and CKD. The findings suggest that adults with both diabetes and CKD after a myocardial infarction have a higher risk for recurrent CVD events compared to those with prior CVD without diabetes or CKD.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Songzan Chen, Fangkun Yang, Tian Xu, Yao Wang, Kaijie Zhang, Guosheng Fu, Wenbin Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to explore the causal effect of smoking on coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes. Genetic signatures for smoking and CAD were extracted from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and analyzed using univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. The results showed that smoking initiation was positively related to CAD risk in patients with diabetes, while age at initiation of regular smoking was negatively related to CAD. This study supports the effect of smoking initiation on the risk of CAD in patients with diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia I. P. van Heck, Ranko Gacesa, Rinke Stienstra, Jingyuan Fu, Alexandra Zhernakova, Hermie J. M. Harmsen, Rinse K. Weersma, Leo A. B. Joosten, Cees J. Tack
Summary: The gut microbiome in patients with type 1 diabetes is altered and associated with glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Factors such as HbA(1c) and disease duration play a significant role in the variation of the gut microbiome, while micro- and macrovascular complications also contribute to this variation.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan, Olusola A. Orimoloye, Frances M. Wang, Zeina A. Dardari, Elizabeth Selvin, Ellen Boakye, Albert D. Osei, Yasuyuki Honda, Omar Dzaye, James Pankow, Josef Coresh, Candace M. Howard-Claudio, Khurram Nasir, Kunihiro Matsushita, Michael J. Blaha
Summary: The distribution of coronary artery calcium (CAC) was found to be associated with diabetes-specific risk enhancers among older adults with diabetes, indicating an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These findings have important implications for prognostication in diabetes patients and support the incorporation of CAC in the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christine Gyldenkerne, Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Johnny Kahlert, Pernille Gro Thrane, Kevin Kris Warnakula Olesen, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Michael Maeng
Summary: Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients, especially among younger individuals. Compared to the general population, individuals with type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular events, occurring at least 12 years earlier.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Gordon L. Klein
Summary: Chronic inflammatory conditions with bone resorption are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Studies have shown that anti-resorptive agents can reduce overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disorders. Children and adolescents have a protective mechanism against calcium entering the circulation following inflammatory bone resorption, which may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In adults with chronic inflammatory conditions, the lack of response from the calcium-sensing receptor may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michelle T. Lee, Dhruv Mahtta, Liang Chen, Aliza Hussain, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Preetika Sinh, Umair Khalid, Khurram Nasir, Christie M. Ballantyne, Laura A. Petersen, Salim S. Virani
Summary: This study found an association between inflammatory bowel disease and extremely premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially in patients under 40 years of age. As patients age, this risk is attenuated by traditional cardiometabolic factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)