Review
Neurosciences
Naif H. Ali, Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Ali K. Albuhadily, Rabab S. Hamad, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology of depression and the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in it. It is found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in the treatment of depression. By regulating serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, these drugs can ameliorate the pathophysiology of depression.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Driss Laghlam, Anis Chaba, Matthias Tarneaud, Julien Charpentier, Jean-Paul Mira, Frederic Pene, Clara Vigneron
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RABs) in critically ill cancer patients. The results showed that the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) was associated with improved in-ICU survival and one-year survival. Cellular evidence supports the beneficial impact of RABs on the survival rates of solid tumor patients.
Review
Physiology
Simon B. Gressens, Georges Leftheriotis, Jean-Claude Dussaule, Martin Flamant, Bernard I. Levy, Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot
Summary: This review explores the risks of using RAAS blockers for patients with cardiovascular comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigates the impact of RAAS blockers on viral cell entry, and discusses how to maintain the balance between ACE2 and ACE and the effect of RAAS blockers on the course and prognosis of COVID-19 treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Bernardo H. M. Correa, Luca Becari, Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes, Ana Cristina Simoes-E-Silva, Lucas M. Kangussu
Summary: This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors. It explores the effects of the activation of the classical RAS axis and the counter-regulatory axis on stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses. Pharmacological modulation in both axes shows promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment, with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers being potential candidates.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Amanj Kurdi, Tanja Mueller, Natalie Weir
Summary: Despite controversy, the collective evidence from observational studies supports a significant association between ACEI/ARB use and a reduction in death and death/ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. However, the evidence for reducing severe COVID-19 and increasing hospitalization is of poor quality. It is recommended to continue ACEI/ARB therapy in patients with COVID-19.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mauro G. Silva, Gerardo R. Corradi, Juan Perez Duhalde, Myriam Nunez, Eliana M. Cela, Daniel H. Gonzales Maglio, Ana Brizzio, Martin R. Salazar, Walter G. Espeche, Mariela M. Gironacci
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients have higher levels of ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity in their blood compared to healthy individuals, while levels of AngII and Ang-(1-7) are lower. Even when excluding COVID-19 patients under RAS blockade treatment, ACE2 expression and enzymatic activity remain higher in COVID-19 patients, suggesting the involvement of RAS in COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Zhen-Yu Zhang, Yu-Ling Yu, Kei Asayama, Tine W. Hansen, Gladys E. Maestre, Jan A. Staessen
Summary: Additional digital content is available in the text.
Review
Cell Biology
Filipa Gouveia, Antoni Camins, Miren Ettcheto, Joana Bicker, Amilcar Falcao, M. Teresa Cruz, Ana Fortuna
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by Tau hyperphosphorylation and A beta deposits. Recent scientific evidence suggests that age-related vascular alterations and cardiovascular risk factors play a role in the development of AD. Drugs targeting the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) have the potential to delay AD development due to their effects on brain RAS. The ACE 1/Ang II/AT1R axis in AD is believed to have detrimental effects, while the alternative axis ACE 1/Ang II/AT2R; ACE 2/Ang (1 7)/MasR; Ang IV/AT4R (IRAP) seems to have beneficial effects on memory and cognition. Retrospective studies and pre-clinical studies support the therapeutic potential of RAS drugs for AD.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael A. Puskarich, Nicholas E. Ingraham, Lisa H. Merck, Brian E. Driver, David A. Wacker, Lauren Page Black, Alan E. Jones, Courtney Fletcher, Andrew M. South, Thomas A. Murray, Christopher Lewandowski, Joseph Farhat, Justin L. Benoit, Michelle H. Biros, Kartik Cherabuddi, Jeffrey G. Chipman, Timothy W. Schacker, Faheem W. Guirgis, Helen T. Voelker, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, Christopher J. Tignanelli
Summary: This study found that oral administration of losartan did not improve the PaO2:FiO(2) ratio at 7 days in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and acute lung injury. The use of losartan also did not improve secondary clinical outcomes and resulted in fewer vasopressor-free days compared to placebo.
Article
Oncology
Marcin Zeman, Wladyslaw Skalba, Agata Malgorzata Wilk, Alexander Jorge Cortez, Adam Maciejewski, Agnieszka Czarniecka
Summary: The use of ARBs instead of ACEIs may improve the outcome of the combined therapy for rectal cancer patients with associated hypertension.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Genevieve L. Y. Rocheleau, Terry Lee, Yassene Mohammed, David Goodlett, Kevin Burns, Matthew P. Cheng, Karen Tran, David Sweet, John Marshall, Arthur S. Slutsky, Srinivas Murthy, Joel Singer, David M. Patrick, Bin Du, Zhiyong Peng, Todd C. Lee, John H. Boyd, Keith R. Walley, Francois Lamontagne, Robert Fowler, Brent W. Winston, Greg Haljan, Donald C. Vinh, Alison McGeer, David Maslove, Santiago Perez Patrigeon, Puneet Mann, Kathryn Donohoe, Geraldine Hernandez, James A. Russell
Summary: This study examined the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, focusing on gender differences. The results showed that ARBs were associated with reduced use of ventilation and vasopressors in male patients, but not in female patients. Additionally, sex-based differences in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components may contribute to variations in outcomes and responses to ARBs in COVID-19.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Francisco J. de Abajo, Antonio Rodriguez-Miguel, Sara Rodriguez-Martin, Victoria Lerma, Alberto Garcia-Lledo
Summary: The study found that discontinuation of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients did not improve in-hospital survival. On the contrary, continued use of ARBs was associated with a trend towards reduced mortality compared to discontinuation, and significantly lower mortality risk compared to continued use of ACEIs, especially in high-risk patients.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Persoulla A. Nicolaou
Summary: Sex-related differences in clinical manifestations, risk factors, and treatment drug use in patients with heart failure are significant, particularly in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). While current evidence suggests potential differences in the efficacy of RAAS drugs between men and women, further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment strategies for both genders.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnieszka Dettlaff-Pokora, Julian Swierczynski
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 impairs the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by binding the ACE2 enzyme, leading to an increase in angiotensin 2 and a decrease in angiotensin (1-7), potentially worsening damage to the lungs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Federico Angriman, Laura C. Rosella, Patrick R. Lawler, Dennis T. Ko, Claudio M. Martin, Hannah Wunsch, Damon C. Scales
Summary: Adult sepsis survivors have an increased risk of long-term cardiovascular events, but this risk can be reduced by renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi).
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sukhjinder Singh Nijjer
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Doosup Shin, Seung Hun Lee, David Hong, Ki Hong Choi, Joo Myung Lee
Summary: Post-PCI physiologic assessment has significant prognostic value and plays a role in functionally optimized PCI. Investigating the reasons behind suboptimal post-PCI physiologic results using pressure-wire pullback tracings and/or intravascular imaging is important. Functionally optimized PCI should be considered at the beginning of the procedure, and careful PCI planning using pre-PCI physiologic evaluation can increase the probability of achieving it.
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sonal Pruthi, Emaad Siddiqui, Nathaniel R. Smilowitz
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robert D. Safian
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Adam Bland, Eunice Chuah, William Meere, Thomas J. Ford
Summary: CMD remains a challenging condition to manage due to its heterogeneous pathophysiology, presentation, and response to therapy. Awareness of CMD is improving, but there is a lack of randomized trials for therapy. Invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation can improve patient-centered outcomes. Beta-blockers are still the cornerstone of therapy for angina due to CMD, while non-pharmacological interventions play a central role in management.
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samer Fawaz, Christopher M. Cook
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nils P. Johnson
Summary: From the four recent RCTs on FFR published or presented in 2021, we have learned several important lessons: study design should focus on discordant decisions; composite endpoints for PCI should prioritize vessel-level outcomes over mortality; initial PCI must be considered when calculating the total amount of TVR; ultrahigh rates of FFR<0.8 do not influence treatment decisions based on angiography; and although PCI is a reasonable option, CABG yields better outcomes for patients with severe multivessel disease.
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tobin Joseph, Michael Foley, Rasha Al-Lamee
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
David M. Tehrani, Arnold H. Seto
Summary: Accurate interpretation of hemodynamic indices like FFR and NHPRs is crucial with their increasing use. The choice between FFR and NHPRs depends on specific clinical and procedural scenarios, and data on their use in special clinical situations is limited.
CARDIOLOGY CLINICS
(2024)
