Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Changzheng Li, Huan Liu, Yunchang Xin, Bo Guan, Guangjie Huang, Peidong Wu, Qing Liu
Summary: Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to refine the coarse LPSO phases in an Mg-12.8Y-4.7 Zn alloy, resulting in densely ultrafine blocks and achieving an ultrahigh yield strength.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. Wang, J. P. Hou, Z. J. Zhang, B. S. Gong, Z. Qu, H. Wang, X. H. Zhou, H. C. Jiang, Q. Wang, X. W. Li, Z. F. Zhanga
Summary: In this study, an ultra-fine pure Al wire (UFPAW) with a diameter of around 0.2 mm was successfully prepared. The combination of ultra-fine grains and super strong texture resulted in an ultra-high strength and high electrical conductivity of the UFPAW.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Y. F. An, X. P. Chen, P. Ren, W. Q. Cao
Summary: A novel austenitic lightweight steel with ultra-high strength and ductility was successfully fabricated and its microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The unique microstructure, consisting of ultra-fine recrystallized austenite grains, submicron scale B2 particles and nanoscale B2 precipitates, contributes to the superior tensile properties of the material. Furthermore, the transformation and deformation mechanisms of the B2 phase were elucidated through the study of microstructure evolution during annealing and tensile process.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cesar G. Gomez, Omar E. Linarez Perez, Lucia B. Avalle, Mariana I. Rojas
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and electrochemical properties of graphite carbon nitride/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode surface for hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction. Results indicate that graphite carbon nitride is a valuable electroactive material that can enhance the electro-activity of other cheaper carbonaceous substrates.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xiaohui Fan, Na Ni, Xin Wang, Wei Hao, Fangwei Guo, Xiaofeng Zhao
Summary: Anisotropy in mechanical properties of ceramics prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is commonly reported. In this study, isotropic alumina was prepared by adding pyrolytic carbon and multi-layer graphene as sintering additives. The anisotropy in grain morphology, elastic modulus, microhardness and fracture toughness (KIC) was evaluated, with KIC showing significant differences. The addition of pyrolytic carbon resulted in refined equiaxed grains and increased KIC, while the introduction of multilayer graphene reduced anisotropy in KIC at the expense of embrittlement.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
He-Qiang Chang, Guo-Hua Zhang
Summary: Ultra-fine grain MoSi2 powders were prepared by utilizing CaO as a desulfurizer in the silicothermic reduction of MoS2, and the mechanism and kinetics were investigated. The resulting MoSi2 particles maintained the macro morphology and size of molybdenum sulfide, unaffected by the particle size of Si powder. The exothermic desulfurization reaction between CaO and gaseous SiS led to the growth of MoSi2 grains, making it challenging to separate the target product from the desulfurization product. Graphite powder or carbon felt was introduced to address this issue, resulting in a residual S content of about 0.14% and 0.16% in the prepared MoSi2 powder.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jairo Alberto Munoz, Jose Maria Cabrera
Summary: This study investigates the microstructural changes introduced by both monotonic tensile and cyclic loads in ultrafine-grained Armco iron obtained after severe plastic deformation, revealing different microstructural gradients depending on the type of load applied. Cyclic loads result in grain size and misorientations gradients, while monotonic tensile loads lead to dislocation and grain size gradients depending on the measurement direction.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
J. Zuo, T. Nakata, C. Xu, Y. P. Xia, H. L. Shi, X. J. Wang, G. Z. Tang, W. M. Gan, E. Maawad, G. H. Fan, S. Kamado, L. Geng
Summary: A high strength dilute Mg-0.8Al-0.1Ca-0.6Mn alloy wire was successfully developed by hot drawing, with the high strength attributed to the ultra-fine DRXed grains, coarse elongated unrecrystallized grains with dense dislocations, and nano sized Al2Ca and Al-Mn precipitates dispersed in the alloy wire.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zi-Ren Xie, Cheng Zhang, Hu-Cheng Pan, Yu-Xin Wang, Yu-Ping Ren, Gao-Wu Qin
Summary: Electrochemical and immersion tests were conducted to characterize the bio-corrosion resistance of as-extruded Mg-Ca binary alloys with submicron grain size. The microstructures were further characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Mg-2Ca alloy extruded at 300 degrees C (2Ca-300) exhibits the lowest current density of 1.683 mA·cm-2 and corrosion rate of 22.14 g·m-2·day-1 in simulated body fluid, which is comparable with that of pure Mg. Ca addition can reduce grain size of as-extruded Mg alloy and decrease the corrosion rate. The formed Mg2Ca phases would accelerate the local galvanic corrosion and protect the alpha-Mg matrix simultaneously due to the lower electrode potential. The lower defect density, finer grain size, and weaker basal texture intensity contribute to the excellent bi-corrosion resistance of the 2Ca-300 alloy.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Hao Ding, Tong Wu, Shikai Zhao, Haibin Sun, Jiao Li, Xue Guo, Peng Wang
Summary: CeO2/BaCeO3 based electrolytes with ultra-fine grained structure show enhanced electrical performance due to lower space charge potential and diluted impurities.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xuemeng Gan, Renlu Yuan, Jiayao Zhu, Qiqi Li, Tingting Tang, Fuwei Qin, Linna Zhu, Jun Zhang, Luxiang Wang, Su Zhang, Huaihe Song, Dianzeng Jia
Summary: This study reports the development of coal-based ultra-fine carbon nanosheets (UCNSs) through chemical oxidation. The UCNSs enhance the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of carbon nanofiber fabrics, and also improve the capacitance and rate performance of supercapacitors.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxi Mi, Xuerui Jing, Hailian Wang, Jianbin Xu, Jia She, Aitao Tang, Bjorn Holmedal, Fusheng Pan
Summary: In this paper, a design strategy was proposed to quantitatively investigate the composition and process conditions for the preparation of ultrafine grain magnesium alloys. Five machine learning algorithms were used to analyze and make predictions based on a dataset of magnesium-manganese-based wrought alloys. The main factors affecting the formation of ultrafine grains were identified, and suggested routes for preparing ultrafine grain magnesium alloys were extracted from the tree models. Experimental validation showed that the grain sizes were close to the predictions, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed design strategy.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuangfei Wang, Ying Niu, Haimeng Sun, Feng Jiao
Summary: Ultra-fine grain strip can be prepared by ultrasonic vibration extrusion cutting (UVEC), which induces material to produce strain and strain rate far exceeding that of ordinary severe plastic deformation process. Mathematical and finite element simulation models were established to analyze the relationship and mechanism among processing parameters, physical field parameters, and microstructure changes in UVEC. Results showed that the grain size can be refined to ultra-fine grain size by UVEC method. The average grain size of UVEC-strip (0.75 mm) is about 3/4 that of ordinary extrusion cutting (OEC) strip (1.03 mm).
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
T. Kreuger, A. N. R. Bos, S. R. A. Kersten
Summary: This work investigates the gasification of carbon produced during methane pyrolysis. It is found that the gasification rate cannot be solely described by gasification conditions, but also requires information about the carbon. The study establishes a predictive method for gasification rates of carbon deposited by methane pyrolysis, which can be used for reactor design purposes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Steven Yee, Louisa Oney, Tyler Cosby, David P. Durkin, Hatem ElBidweihy
Summary: This study revises the theory of photothermal actuation of levitated pyrolytic graphite, proposing that the enhanced diamagnetic contrast under asymmetric optical irradiation may be due to a photothermoelectric effect. Through experiments and simulations, it was shown that the gradient of pyrolytic graphite's diamagnetism with temperature is insufficient to explain the magnitude of forces required for optically induced translation. Qualitative measurements were taken to demonstrate n-type thermoelectricity under optical irradiation and the graphitic material was characterized with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to support the hypothesis.
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Anne A. Campbell
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peng Wang, Slavica Grdanovska, David M. Bartels, Gary S. Was
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Stephen Taller, Gary S. Was
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Stephen Taller, Fabian Naab, Gary S. Was
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Miao Song, Kevin G. Field, Richard M. Cox, Gary S. Was
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Katherine I. Montoya, Cole J. Moczygemba, Brian A. Brigham, Tyler L. Spano, Anne A. Campbell, Tyler J. Gerczak, Elizabeth S. Sooby
Summary: This study investigates the microstructural characterization of graphitic matrix material after exposure to high temperature and steam in high temperature gas reactor designs, revealing nonuniform degradation. The preferential oxidation of the phenolic resin binder ahead of the graphite flake filler under off-normal conditions is responsible for the enhanced depth of attack.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Iyad I. Al-Qasir, Yongqiang Cheng, Jiao Y. Y. Lin, Anne A. Campbell, G. Sala, Kemal Ramic, Fahima F. Islam, Abdallah Qteish, Barry Marsden, Douglas L. Abernathy, Matthew B. Stone
Summary: This study focuses on the thermal neutron scattering of two types of nuclear graphite with different microstructures, demonstrating excellent agreement between experimental and computational results, and significant improvement in the calculated scattering functions and cross-sections.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Logan N. Clowers, Zhijie Jiao, Gary S. Was
Summary: Three ferritic/martensitic alloys were irradiated with single, dual, and triple ion beams to study cavity evolution. Co-injection of hydrogen with helium increased cavity number density and size, leading to higher swelling. F82H alloy exhibited the lowest swelling due to high sink strength, while CNA3 alloy showed higher swelling than F82H due to lower sink strength caused by precipitation dissolution.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jose David Arregui-Mena, Robert N. Worth, William Bodel, Benjamin Maerz, Wenjing Li, Anne A. Campbell, Ercan Cakmak, Nidia Gallego, Cristian Contescu, Philip D. Edmondson
Summary: This article presents a detailed examination of the heterogeneity, microstructure, and pore structure of different graphite grades and their binder and filler phases using various microscopy and analytical techniques. Significant differences were found between coarser and finer grades, and a framework for assessing materials is proposed.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Tyler J. Gerczak, Anne A. Campbell, Grant W. Helmreich, Gerald E. Jellison Jr, John D. Hunn
Summary: The fuel form of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors consists of TRISO particles embedded in a matrix of graphite flake and carbonized resin. The texture of the graphite flake may impact the properties and performance of the fuel.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Bowman, P. Wang, G. S. Was, M. Bachhav, A. T. Motta
Summary: Samples of Zircaloy-4 were ion irradiated at various doses and temperatures to study the amorphization and dissolution behavior of second-phase precipitates. The results showed that similar amorphization morphology occurred under proton irradiation as under neutron irradiation near the critical temperature for amorphization. However, the rate of amorphous layer advancement was slower under proton irradiation and did not lead to complete amorphization. The critical temperature for bulk amorphization primarily depended on the displacement cascade density achievable with the irradiating particle and secondarily with dose rate.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose David Arregui-Mena, Robert N. Worth, William Bodel, Benjamin Maerz, Wenjing Li, Aaron Selby, Anne A. Campbell, Cristian Contescu, Philip D. Edmondson, Nidia Gallego
Summary: Micrographs of multiple nuclear graphite grades captured using SEM and TEM complement the data in the related manuscript. SEM images show differences in filler particles, binder, and thermal cracks in nuclear graphite. This microstructure library serves as a baseline and helps understand the phases and differences between nuclear grades. TEM images clarify the content of quinoline insoluble (QI) particles in the binder phase, serving as a forensic fingerprint of neutron irradiation effects. The manuscript also includes data on glassy carbon, which shares similarities with chaotic structures in nuclear graphite. Together, these micrographs provide a detailed overview of graphite microstructures prior to neutron irradiation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anne A. Campbell, Mary A. Snead, Yutai Katoh
Summary: Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are examining the impact of neutron irradiation in the HFIR on fine-grain nuclear graphites. The study explored whether smaller specimens can reliably determine physical and thermal properties. It was found that the size of the specimens had minimal influence on the measured properties, and even when size did affect the values, the consequences could be accounted for in post-irradiation results. This research demonstrated the suitability of using subsized specimens for property measurements in fine-grain isotropic graphite.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anne A. Campbell, Andrew A. Wereszczak, Mary A. Snead, Yutai Katoh
Summary: Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are studying the effects of neutron irradiation on nuclear graphites in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Subsized specimens were used in the HFIR flux trap, and the study aimed to determine if these smaller specimens can reliably predict strength behavior. The results showed that the strength of the specimens was loosely related to their volume, with slightly higher strength in compression specimens with larger volumes. The study suggests that fine-grain graphite behaves more like ceramics and machining has a similar effect on its strength.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Mirza Baig, Josiah Owusu-Danquah, Anne A. Campbell, Stephen F. Duffy
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the development of inelastic constitutive modeling in polycrystalline materials. It explores different models that account for nonlinear behavior at the microstructural level, including classic plasticity models and unified models. The article emphasizes the theoretical framework of unified viscoplasticity models and highlights the advantages of this approach in improving material modeling. It also discusses recent topics in constitutive modeling that bridge the gap between microstructure and continuum.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Sheng, Jingshan He, Dun Ma, Yuanbo Wang, Wu Shao, Tian Ding, Ronghao Cen, Jingwen He, Zhihao Deng, Wenjun Wu
Summary: This study presents an innovative approach to improve the photovoltaic conversion characteristics and stability of perovskite solar cells through carbon electrode interface modification. By in-situ polymerization and carbonization on the surface of nano-graphite, a dendritic structure carbon electrode is formed, reducing the work function and aligning the energy levels with perovskite. This leads to improved charge and hole collection efficiency, resulting in increased photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the modified carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells exhibit exceptional stability, maintaining high efficiency even without encapsulation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guodong Shi, Jian Song, Xiaoxiao Tian, Tongtong Liu, Zhanjun Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates the improvement of mechanical properties and reduction of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in graphene oxide (GO)/epoxy (EP) nanocomposites by enhancing the interface between GO and EP through functionalization and incorporating rigid-flexible interphases. The results reveal that the SiO2-PEA-GO hybrid exhibits better strengthening and toughening effects, as well as lower CTE, compared to the PEA-GO hybrid due to the presence of rigid-flexible interfaces with higher bonding strength and better energy dissipation mechanisms. Additionally, the nanocomposites with longer polyetheramine (PEA) molecules in the rigid-flexible interphases demonstrate higher strength and toughness, while maintaining a lower CTE. This work provides a promising strategy for constructing adjustable flexible-rigid interfacial structures and offers potential in developing GO/EP nanocomposites with high mechanical properties and low CTE.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rafal Janus, Sebastian Jarczewski, Jacek Jagiello, Piotr Natkanski, Mariusz Wadrzyk, Marek Lewandowski, Marek Michalik, Piotr Kustrowski
Summary: In this study, a facile procedure for the synthesis of CMK-1 and CMK-2 carbon replicas was developed. The method utilizes basic laboratory equipment and a renewable carbon source, and operates under mild conditions. The resulting carbon mesostructures exhibit exquisite replication fidelity and structural homogeneity, making them suitable for applications in various fields.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anqi Wang, Connor J. MacRobbie, Alex Baranovsky, Jean-Pierre Hickey, John Z. Wen
Summary: In this study, a novel polymer-free nanothermite aerogel with a wide range of nanoparticle loading was fabricated via a new additive manufacturing process. The SEM images showed a unique porous structure formed by extra thin rGO sheets, wrapping individual nanothermite clusters. The DSC-TGA results and high-speed combustion videos confirmed the enhanced energetic performance of the printed specimen.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wanze Wu, Misheng Zhao, Shiwei Miao, Xiaoyan Li, Yongzhong Wu, Xiao Gong, Hangxiang Wang
Summary: Superhydrophobic solar-driven interfacial evaporator is an energy-efficient technology for seawater desalination, which is easily fabricated using robust photothermal superhydrophobic coating and substrate. The created bifunctional coating on the melamine sponge substrate shows stable and highly efficient photothermal and superhydrophobic performance for seawater desalination. This superhydrophobic solar-driven interfacial evaporator is expected to have wide applications in seawater desalination.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zichen Xiang, Zhi Song, Tiansheng Wang, Menghang Feng, Yijing Zhao, Qitu Zhang, Yi Hou, Lixi Wang
Summary: This study presents a co-electrospinning synthesis strategy to fabricate lightweight and porous Co@C composite nanofibres with wideband microwave attenuation capacity. The addition of MOF-derived Co additives enhances the low-frequency absorption performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Snow, C. Olson, E. Torres, K. Shirley, E. Cazalas
Summary: This study investigates the use of a perovskite-based graphene field effect transistor (P-GFET) device for X-ray detection. The sensitivity and responsivity of the device were found to be influenced by factors such as X-ray tube voltage, current, and source-drain voltage. Simulation experiments were conducted to determine the dose rate and energy incident on the device during irradiation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zuzana Jankovska, Lenka Matejova, Jonas Tokarsky, Pavlina Peikertova, Milan Dopita, Karolina Gorzolkova, Dominika Habermannova, Michal Vastyl, Jakub Belik
Summary: This study provides new insights into microwave-assisted pyrolysis of scrap tyres, demonstrating that it can produce microporous carbon black with potential application in xylene adsorption. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis requires less time and energy while maintaining similar adsorption capacity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Max Bommert, Bruno Schuler, Carlo A. Pignedoli, Roland Widmer, Oliver Groning
Summary: A detailed understanding of the interaction between molecules and two-dimensional materials is crucial for incorporating functional molecular films into next-generation 2D material-organic hybrid devices. This study compares the energy level alignment of different-sized fullerenes on a Moire superstructure and finds that C-84 fullerenes can be either neutral or negatively charged depending on slight variations of the electrostatic potential. This discovery suggests a new path to achieve ambipolar charge transfer without overcoming the electronic gap of fullerenes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuanjing Cheng, Xianxian Sun, Ye Yuan, Shuang Yang, Yuanhao Ning, Dan Wang, Weilong Yin, Yibin Li
Summary: The dual-structure aerogel (GS) consisting of flexible silica fibers and graphene honeycomb structures exhibits excellent resilience, flexibility, and reliability. It also shows remarkable wave absorbing performance, making it an ideal candidate for microwave absorption applications such as flexible electronics and aerospace.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuyu Fan, Yinong Chen, Shu Xiao, Kejun Shi, Xinyu Meng, Songsheng Lin, Fenghua Su, Yifan Su, Paul K. Chu
Summary: Graphene coatings are promising solid lubrication materials due to their mechanical properties. This study presents a new method for in situ deposition of high-quality graphene coatings on hard substrates using NiCo solid solution and competitive reaction strategies. The graphene coating deposited on substrates with deep NiCo solid solution demonstrates superior low-friction and durability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mengdi Wang, Sanyin Qu, Yanling Chen, Qin Yao, Lidong Chen
Summary: The improved thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers are achieved by selectively capturing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a conducting polymer film, leading to increased carrier mobility and reduced thermal conductivity. The resulting composite film exhibits significantly higher electrical conductivity and lower thermal conductivity compared to films with a mixture of SWNTs. This work provides a convenient and efficient method to enhance the thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Heng Wei, Weihua Li, Kareem Bachagha
Summary: This article reviews the research progress of carbon nanotube-based microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) in recent years, covering the fundamental theory, design strategies, synthesis methods, and future development directions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chenguang Shi, Junlong Huang, Zongheng Cen, Tan Yi, Shaohong Liu, Ruowen Fu
Summary: This study developed a high-performance Li metal host material, which achieved dendrite-free Li deposition with a low nucleation overpotential and high Coulombic efficiencies through the combination of Ti3C2-g-PV4P sheets and Ag nanoparticles. The full cells assembled with the Li@host anode and LiFePO4 cathode exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrating a perspective design for future energy storage devices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tomotaro Mae, Kentaro Kaneko, Hiroki Sakurai, Suguru Noda
Summary: A new partial prelithiation method for SiO/C-CNT electrodes was developed, which showed reduced irreversible capacity and achieved high energy densities with good reversibility. The method allows for precise control of the degree of prelithiation and is applicable to various chemistries.