Carbon nanocage bubbles produced by pulsed-laser ablation of carbon in water

Thin-wall carbon nanocages with a variety of shapes were prepared by pulsed-laser ablation (PLA) of a carbon black target in water without the use of any catalysts. The experimental results suggested that they were formed by a bubble blowing mechanism rather than by the condensation of a gas, cluster or liquid. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.