Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chien-Lin Lu, Cai-Mei Zheng, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Min-Tser Liao, Kun-Lin Wu, Ming-Chieh Ma
Summary: The uremic toxin IS leads to oxidative stress in CKD patients, causing organ damage and complications such as cardiovascular diseases, renal osteodystrophy, muscle wasting, and anemia. IS-induced ROS production impairs glomerular filtration and triggers vascular smooth muscle cells transformation, contributing to muscle atrophy and bone abnormalities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Pieniazek, Michal Kopera, Lukasz Gwozdzinski, Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
Summary: The study found that indoxyl sulfate (IS) can cause oxidative damage and impact the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). IS affects oxidative stress parameters and may shorten the lifespan of red blood cells in patients.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yenan Mo, Dongmei Hu, Wanlin Yu, Chunlan Ji, Yin Li, Xusheng Liu, Zhaoyu Lu
Summary: This study found that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a component of Astragalus membranaceus, can reduce indoxyl sulfate (IS)-induced renal tubular injury by inhibiting the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This offers a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic renal failure.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chien-Lin Lu, Chun-Hou Liao, Wen-Bin Wu, Cai-Mei Zheng, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Ming-Chieh Ma
Summary: This study found that the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) impairs the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) system and decreases H2S formation. IS affects H2S formation by downregulating the expression of H2S-producing enzymes and attenuating the activity of transcription factor Sp1. Exogenous supplementation of H2S can alleviate IS-induced oxidative stress and protect tubular cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hayne Cho Park, AJin Cho, Do Hyoung Kim, Kyu-sang Yun, Juhee Kim, Eun Young Lee, Sang Kyung Jo, So-Young Lee, Kum Hyun Han, Yoon Kyung Chang, Dong-Jin Oh, Young-Ki Lee
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of modified capsule-type oral spherical adsorptive carbon, Renamezin((R)), on renal function decline in moderately advanced chronic kidney disease patients. The results showed that the drug can be safely used to attenuate renal function decline.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Livia Alvarenga, Juliana F. Saldanha, Milena B. Stockler-Pinto, Denis Fouque, Christophe O. Soulage, Denise Mafra
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effect of resveratrol against the damage caused by indoxyl sulfate (IS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results showed that resveratrol can activate the Nrf2 pathway, enhance cytoprotective response, and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation induced by IS.
Article
Pathology
Mostafa Belghasem, Wenqing Yin, Saran Lotfollahzadeh, Xiaosheng Yang, Rosana D. Meyer, Marc A. Napoleon, Isaac E. Sellinger, Aniket Vazirani, Elena Metrikova, Asha Jose, Anna Zhebrun, Stephen A. Whelan, Norman Lee, Nader Rahimi, Vipul C. Chitalia
Summary: This study found that tryptophan-derived uremic toxins IS and Kyn mediate tubular toxicity by suppressing TMIGD1 transcription. The loss of TMIGD1 exacerbates tubular injury. In addition, C/EBPD enhances TMIGD1 promoter activity and is correlated with TMIGD1 expression in CKD models, while C/EBPD levels are negatively correlated with IS and Kyn levels.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li-Ting Tsai, Te- Weng, Ting-Yu Chang, Kuo-Cheng Lan, Chih-Kang Chiang, Shing-Hwa Liu
Summary: The accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a key pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exposure to IS can induce ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation, impaired antioxidant system, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and lipid peroxidation. IS triggers intracellular iron accumulation and ROS generation, leading to the induction of ferroptosis, senescence, ER stress, and injury/fibrosis in CKD kidneys.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Rossella Di Paola, Ananya De, Raafiah Izhar, Marianna Abate, Silvia Zappavigna, Anna Capasso, Alessandra F. Perna, Antonella La Russa, Giovambattista Capasso, Michele Caraglia, Mariadelina Simeoni
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to the accumulation and production of uremic toxins, which activate harmful processes. Gut dysbiosis is common in CKD patients and promotes the growth of certain bacteria that release substances like p-Cresol, Indoxyl Sulfate, and p-Cresyl Sulfate. These substances play a role in chronic inflammation, free radical production, and immune dysfunction, potentially contributing to colon cancer development. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind this association.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chyou-Wei Wei, Tsai-Kun Wu, Shu-Cing Wu, Yi-Lin Chen, Ying-Ru Pan, Yi-Chung Chien, Jia-Yan Wu, Yung-Lung Yu, Giou-Teng Yiang
Summary: This study compared the different cytotoxic effects on renal cells between IS and PCS treatment, and found that PCS exerted a stronger anti-proliferative effect on renal tubular cells compared to IS treatment. In addition, the study demonstrated for the first time that curcumin enhanced PCS-induced cell cytotoxicity through caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and cell cycle alteration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Anna Pieniazek, Artur Szczepocki
Summary: The findings suggest that IS induces oxidative damage to erythrocyte components, which may affect the functional properties of erythrocytes in CKD patients.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Regiane Stafim da Cunha, Paulo Cezar Gregorio, Rayana Ariane Pereira Maciel, Giane Favretto, Celia Regina Cavichiolo Franco, Jenifer Pendiuk Goncalves, Marina Luise Viola de Azevedo, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Andrea Emilia Marques Stinghen
Summary: Uremic toxins PCS and IS contribute to endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. This study found that CREB/ATF1 is activated by PCS, IS, and US in uremic conditions and may play a relevant role in endothelial dysfunction.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yun-Ru Lai, Ben-Chung Cheng, Chia-Ni Lin, Wen-Chan Chiu, Ting-Yin Lin, Hui-Ching Chiang, Chun-En Aurea Kuo, Chih-Cheng Huang, Cheng-Hsien Lu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of protein-binding uremic toxins on peripheral nerve function in patients with chronic kidney disease. The findings suggest that uremic toxins and oxidative stress contribute to the severity of nerve dysfunction in these patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seiko Yamakoshi, Takahiro Nakamura, Lusi Xu, Masahiro Kohzuki, Osamu Ito
Summary: Exercise training can protect renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Corrado Pelaia, Daniele Pastori, Giuseppe Armentaro, Sofia Miceli, Velia Cassano, Keti Barbara, Giulia Pelaia, Maria Perticone, Raffaele Maio, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Francesco Perticone, Giorgio Sesti, Angela Sciacqua
Summary: This study demonstrates a significant decline in renal function over time in COPD patients, with uric acid (UA) and diabetes identified as the two strongest predictors.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Xingran Kou, Dongdong Su, Fei Pan, Xiwei Xu, Qingran Meng, Qinfei Ke
Summary: This review provides a systematic discussion of the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in aroma compounds (ACs)/cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes (ICs). It covers the establishment of the simulation process, parameter selection, model evaluation, and various application cases, summarizing the major achievements and challenges of this method.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Haoyu Yu, Quanbin Zhang, Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Jing Wang, Yang Yue, Lihua Geng, Ning Wu
Summary: Brown algae are rich in fucoidan, which has been found to have anti-cancer and anti-metastasis effects. Fucoidan inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and also promotes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Liang Dong, Yanan Li, Hailin Cong, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen
Summary: Gene therapy is a revolutionary treatment that requires suitable vectors for protecting and releasing exogenous nucleic acids in target cells. Chitosan, as a non-viral vector, has gained attention due to its good biocompatibility and ability to load large amounts of nucleic acids. This paper summarizes the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as gene delivery vector materials, discusses factors influencing transfection efficiency, performance evaluation, ways to optimize infectious efficiency, and current research development directions. It also provides an outlook on the future prospects of chitosan.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ana Iglesias-Mejuto, Beatriz Magarinos, Tania Ferreira-Goncalves, Ricardo Starbird-Perez, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ines Ardao, Carlos A. Garcia-Gonzalez
Summary: This study developed a novel processing strategy to manufacture drug-loaded and personalized aerogels with nanostructures. The aerogels demonstrated bioactivity and antimicrobial effects, promoting bone regeneration and preventing infections in bone tissue engineering.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhenxu Shi, Dimei Yang, Yan Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Lin Gan, Jin Huang
Summary: This study proposes a micro-assembly method to improve the photoluminescent properties of crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by organizing them within a sub-micrometer-sized metal-organic framework and coating with TiO2. The TiO2 coating prevents CNC assembly breakdown and allows information to be revealed using screenprinted labels for anti-counterfeiting purposes.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuejiao Liu, Bin Fu, Jierong Chen, Zhenyu Sun, Dongdong Zheng, Zhonghua Li, Bing Gu, Ying Zhang, Haojie Lu
Summary: Liver disease is a major cause of global mortality, and identifying biomarkers for diagnosing its progression is crucial for improving outcomes. Targeted mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for verifying biomarker candidates and clinical applications, particularly for glycoproteins translation. However, the limitation of analyzing only one sample per run has become apparent. In this study, a high-throughput intact N-glycopeptides quantification strategy was developed, allowing the validation of 20 samples per run with an average analysis time of 3 minutes per sample. The strategy was applied in a cohort of 461 serum samples and identified a panel of 10 IgG N-glycopeptides that have strong clinical utility in evaluating the severity of liver disease.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qian Wang, Hao Jiang, Hongli Zhang, Weiqiao Lu, Xiao Wang, Wenfeng Xu, Jia Li, Youjing Lv, Guoyun Li, Chao Cai, Guangli Yu
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy of antibody-beta-glucan conjugates (AGC) to enhance the antitumor immune response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. AGC demonstrated powerful tumor suppression and promoted interaction between tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), thereby enhancing immunotherapeutic benefits.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chaeyeon Lee, Sojeong Lee, Sang Wook Kang
Summary: The study aims to enhance the properties of porous membranes by addressing the limitations associated with phase separation. By using cellulose acetate and citric acid, the researchers were able to fabricate membranes with improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The cross-linking effect of citric acid resulted in a more uniform pore structure and higher porosity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Tejaswini Kolipaka, Giriraj Pandey, Noella Abraham, Dadi A. Srinivasarao, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, P. S. Rajinikanth, Vidya Tickoo, Saurabh Srivastava
Summary: This review focuses on the design and application of polysaccharide-based hydrogel wound dressings, highlighting aspects such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug entrapment, moisturizing ability, swelling, and mechanical properties. Additionally, various crosslinking methods and recent developments in stimuli-responsive hydrogels are discussed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anqi Xu, Nan Zhang, Shixing Su, Hongyu Shi, Daoqiang Lu, Xifeng Li, Xin Zhang, Xin Feng, Zhuohua Wen, Gengwu Ma, Mengshi Huang, Chi Huang, Yuqi Hu, Hao Yuan, Qinwen Liu, Daogang Guan, Jun Wang, Chuanzhi Duan
Summary: The study presents a one-pot radical polymerization method to fabricate a hydrogel with adhesive properties, which can effectively treat bacterial-infected diabetic wounds and accelerate wound healing.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Montarop Yamabhai, Munthipha Khamphio, Thae Thae Min, Chai Noy Soem, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Waheni Rizki Aprilia, Krisanai Luesukprasert, Karsidete Teeranitayatarn, Atthaphon Maneedaeng, Tina R. Tuveng, Silje B. Lorentzen, Simen Antonsen, Paiboon Jitprasertwong, Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Summary: The study investigates the bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using an enzyme. The results show that the generated CHOS have anti-inflammatory activity, but the magnitude of the activity depends on the substrate and production process. Different methods of dissolving chitosan also affect the properties of CHOS. The study highlights the importance of quality assurance in CHOS preparations.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wen Cao, Jiangping Wu, Xinya Zhao, Zixu Li, Jie Yu, Taili Shao, Xuefeng Hou, Lutan Zhou, Chunfei Wang, Guodong Wang, Jun Han
Summary: In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from Pueraria lobata. It was found that PLP1 was composed of specific glycosidic units and exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability. Moreover, PLP1 effectively protected the liver against acute alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ya Su, Yaqian Liu, Xueyan Hu, Yueqi Lu, Jinyuan Zhang, Wenbo Jin, Wang Liu, Yan Shu, Yuen Yee Cheng, Wenfang Li, Yi Nie, Bo Pan, Kedong Song
Summary: A 3D printed scaffold based on carbon dots-curcumin nano-drug release has been developed for drug delivery after breast cancer surgery. The scaffold showed effective inhibition of tumor growth, antibacterial activity, and promotion of wound healing, making it a promising approach for preventing tumor recurrence.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ekaterina Sokolova, Diane Jouanneau, Antonin Chevenier, Murielle Jam, Nathalie Desban, Pierre Colas, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel
Summary: Carrageenans, a compound synthesized in red algae, have various biological properties and are valuable in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Their fine structure affects wound healing, oxidative processes, hemostasis, and inflammation. Enzymatic modification of carrageenans produces oligosaccharides that bind to natural human serum antibodies and specific antibodies, showing potential for therapeutic applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Shi, Miao Yu, Kaijin Qiu, Tiantian Kong, Chunjing Guo, Wenxue Zhang, Daquan Chen, Ming Kong
Summary: In this study, functionalized transfersomes were developed to co-deliver doxorubicin and 1MT towards primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes via transdermal administration using microneedles. The results showed that the nano-complexed microneedles exhibited a stronger suppression in tumor growth compared to the intravenous group.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)