Review
Oncology
Michael J. Duffy, John Crown
Summary: RAS, p53, and MYC are commonly altered genes in cancer, traditionally considered undruggable due to the lack of accessible hydrophobic pockets for targeting. However, recent studies have shown that low molecular weight compounds targeting these genes have anticancer activity in preclinical models, suggesting that the traditional perception of these genes being undruggable is changing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Emma R. Allanson, Kathleen M. Schmeler
Summary: Despite established prevention measures, more than 500,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer globally each year, with around 90% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization has launched a Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer, which includes vaccination, screening, and treatment of precancerous lesions as key steps that could reduce new cases and deaths by over 40% by 2050. Successful implementation depends on commitment to HPV immunization, innovative screening approaches, and strengthening of health systems.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Joal D. Beane, Jeffrey D. Borrebach, Amer H. Zureikat, E. Molly Kilbane, Vanessa M. Thompson, Henry A. Pitt
Summary: The morbidity after pancreatectomy remains high, and recent literature suggests that composite measures may more accurately define surgical quality. Results from 2013 to 2017 show that pre, intra, and perioperative pancreatectomy processes have evolved, and multiple postoperative outcomes have improved in North America, leading to a 3% to 5% increase in optimal pancreatic surgery.
Review
Oncology
Barbara Kiesewetter, Philipp Riss, Christian Scheuba, Peter Mazal, Elisabeth Kretschmer-Chott, Alexander Haug, Markus Raderer
Summary: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with aggressive biology and limited treatment options. Surgery can cure localized disease, but many patients relapse and metastatic disease prognosis remains poor. New therapeutic strategies including targeted therapy and immunotherapy show potential, but further research is needed to improve outcomes.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Delbrynth P. Mitchao, Meghan Lewis, Dominik Jakob, Elizabeth R. Benjamin, Demetrios Demetriades
Summary: The study reveals a low rate of helmet use among skateboard injury patients, and highlights the protective effects of skate parks and helmet use against severe traumatic brain injury. Older children and males are more prone to severe TBI after skateboard-related injuries, indicating the need for targeted preventive education and legislation.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sebastian Mellado, Eduardo A. Vega, Mohammad Abudalou, Onur C. Kutlu, Omid Salehi, Mu Li, Olga Kozyreva, Richard Freeman, Claudius Conrad
Summary: This study investigates the utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for pancreatic cancer patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and the factors affecting its utilization. The study finds that while the utilization of NCT is increasing, a significant proportion of patients still do not receive preoperative chemotherapy. Institutional factors and healthcare disparities significantly influence the utilization of NCT.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
R. J. Selvaratnam, D. L. Rolnik, M-A Davey, E. M. Wallace
Summary: The changing stillbirth risk profile of women has influenced the interpretation of stillbirth rate, with a faster decline in population rates of stillbirth due to changing maternal characteristics than previously estimated.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Joal D. Beane, Madison Hyer, Rittal Mehta, Amblessed E. Onuma, Elizabeth M. Gleeson, Vanessa M. Thompson, Timothy M. Pawlik, Henry A. Pitt
Summary: This analysis found that in the past five years, minimally invasive hepatectomies have increased in North America, while operative time and length of stay have decreased. The rates of postoperative sepsis, bile leaks, and liver failure have also decreased. Optimal hepatic surgery has increased for both partial and all hepatectomies, with it being achieved more often in partial resections.
Review
Hematology
Dina Mahdi, Jessica Spiers, Alexandros Rampotas, Nicola Polverelli, Donal P. P. McLornan
Summary: Management approaches for accelerated and blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasms remain challenging, and current therapeutic outcomes for non-transplant eligible patients are poor. There is currently no specific predictive signature for the risk and timing of transformation, causing anxiety among patients and clinicians. This review provides an up-to-date understanding of the pathogenesis, discusses current therapies and outcomes, and explores the potential impact of novel agents.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monica Cejuela, Begona Martin-Castillo, Javier A. Menendez, Sonia Pernas
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and metabolic traits associated with type 2 diabetes such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity are known risk factors. Metformin, a widely prescribed medication for diabetes, has been suggested to have anti-tumor effects based on previous studies. However, recent randomized controlled trials have shown disappointing results, particularly in metastatic breast cancer. This article reviews the mechanisms of action of metformin, discusses past and current clinical trials, and briefly explores future perspectives for incorporating metformin into the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Maha AlSendi, David O'Reilly, Youssef H. Zeidan, Catherine M. Kelly
Summary: Patients with metastatic breast cancer have seen significant improvements in survival recently. Treatment decisions for oligometastatic breast cancer vary widely due to lack of trials and disease heterogeneity. Research is ongoing to better understand the biology and treatment options for oligometastatic breast cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Judith A. Linden, Janette Baird, Tracy E. Madsen, Kirsten Rounds, Michelle D. Lall, Neha P. Raukar, Andrea Fang, Michelle Lin, Kinjal Sethuraman, Valerie A. Dobiesz
Summary: The study found significant disparities in leadership roles and academic rank for women and URiM faculty in emergency medicine, with no changes in this gap over a six-year period.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Sean A. Griffin, Justin A. Magnuson, Ryan M. Sutton, Chad A. Krueger
Summary: The study revealed that although age, sex, and BMI are often reported in RCTs published in the Journal of Arthroplasty, information on patient race and ethnicity is rarely included. Gender was the most frequently analyzed variable, while analysis of race and ethnicity was rare.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Vipul Bhardwaj, Arundhiti Sharma, Snijesh Valiya Parambath, Ijaz Gul, Xi Zhang, Peter E. Lobie, Peiwu Qin, Vijay Pandey
Summary: Endometrial cancer is a prevalent uterine cancer with poor therapeutic response. Computer-aided cancer surveillance systems and machine learning methods play important roles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of EC.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Ashley Rosenberg, Anusha Jayaram, Megan Still, Blake Hauser, Myles Dworkin, Kara Faktor, Robin Petroze
Summary: Global surgery efforts have expanded significantly in the last decade. However, resources for residency applicants to evaluate opportunities at programs are limited. A survey of general surgery program directors revealed that while most respondents acknowledged the importance of global surgery, less than two-thirds offered formal experiences.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Paul DiSilvestro, Susana Banerjee, Nicoletta Colombo, Giovanni Scambia, Byoung-Gie Kim, Ana Oaknin, Michael Friedlander, Alla Lisyanskaya, Anne Floquet, Alexandra Leary, Gabe S. Sonke, Charlie Gourley, Amit Oza, Antonio Gonzalez-Martin, Carol Aghajanian, William Bradley, Cara Mathews, Joyce Liu, John McNamara, Elizabeth S. Lowe, Mei-Lin Ah-See, Kathleen N. Moore
Summary: Maintenance therapy with olaparib showed sustained progression-free survival benefit in newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer patients with a BRCA mutation. After a 7-year follow-up, there was a clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival. The incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia was low.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Oncology
Claudia Marchetti, Anna Fagotti, Giovanni Scambia
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Laura Marchi, Annalisa Vidiri, Emanuele Arturo Fera, Marta Pallottini, Federica Perelli, Monica Gardelli, Tamara Brunelli, Paolo Dal Poggetto, Elena Martelli, Gianluca Straface, Fabrizio Signore, Ismaele Fusco, Pier Luigi Vasarri, Giovanni Scambia, Anna Franca Cavaliere
Summary: This study describes the transplacental passage of specific SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies from mothers to their newborns during pregnancy. Analysis of 143 mother-infant dyads showed that 86% of pregnant women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR >14 days before delivery developed specific IgG, and 84% of their infants showed transplacental passage of IgG.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Andrea Morciano, Alfredo Ercoli, Dario Caliandro, Giuseppe Campagna, Giovanni Panico, Alessia Giaquinto, Marzio Angelo Zullo, Andrea Tinelli, Giovanni Scambia, Giuseppe Marzo, Mauro Cervigni
Summary: This study conducted a randomized clinical trial to investigate a new laparoscopic approach for treating severe posterior vaginal prolapse. The results suggest that this technique is effective in improving objective and subjective outcomes in patients with severe posterior vaginal prolapse, with minimal complications.
NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Giorgio Bogani, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Nicole Concin, Natalie Yan Li Ngoi, Philippe Morice, Giuseppe Caruso, Takayuki Enomoto, Kazuhiro Takehara, Hannelore Denys, Domenica Lorusso, Robert Coleman, Michelle M. Vaughan, Masashi Takano, Diane Michele Provencher, Satoru Sagae, Pauline Wimberger, Robert Poka, Yakir Segev, Se Ik Kim, Jae-Weon Kim, Francisco Jose Candido dos Reis, Pedro T. Ramirez, Andrea Mariani, Mario Leitao, Vicky Makker, Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Ignace Vergote, Gianfranco Zannoni, David Tan, Mary McCormack, Biagio Paolini, Marta Bini, Francesco Raspagliesi, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Violante Di Donato, Ludovico Muzii, Nicoletta Colombo, Sandro Pignata, Giovanni Scambia, Bradley J. Monk
Summary: Endometrial carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer, with clinical presentation and diagnostic methods similar to the more common endometrioid carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, and the majority of cases have p53 abnormalities. Treatment involves a multimodal approach for non-metastatic disease and palliative chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nicolo Bizzarri, Vito Chiantera, Matteo Loverro, Giulio Sozzi, Emanuele Perrone, Salvatore Gueli Alletti, Barbara Costantini, Valerio Gallotta, Lucia Tortorella, Anna Fagotti, Francesco Fanfani, Alfredo Ercoli, Giovanni Scambia, Giuseppe Vizzielli
Summary: This study compared the disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and peri-operative morbidity between patients undergoing open and minimally invasive pelvic exenteration. The results showed no significant difference in survival rates and complications, but a higher intra-operative transfusion rate was seen in the open group.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Antonella Biscione, Giacomo Corrado, Lorena Quagliozzi, Alex Federico, Rita Franco, Laura Franza, Enrica Tamburrini, Teresa Spanu, Giovanni Scambia, Anna Fagotti
Summary: This study assessed the rate and type of infections in gynecological cancer patients and provided an economic analysis of healthcare associated infections. The results showed an infection rate of 5.6% with urinary and surgical wound infections being the most common. Among surgical patients, advanced age, bowel resection, surgical site, and central venous catheter infection were associated with an increased length of hospitalization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ilenia Masi, Flavia Ottavi, Danila Del Rio, Valentina Caprara, Cristina Vastarelli, Sara Maria Giannitelli, Giulia Fianco, Pamela Mozetic, Marianna Buttarelli, Gabriella Ferrandina, Giovanni Scambia, Daniela Gallo, Alberto Rainer, Anna Bagnato, Francesca Spadaro, Laura Rosano
Summary: Dissemination of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) in the omentum and intercalation into a mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer depends on functional alpha 5 beta 1 integrin (Int alpha 5 beta 1) activity. This study reveals a novel interactive signaling involving beta-arrestin1 (beta-arr1), the activation of the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) by endothelin-1 (ET-1), and the activation of Int alpha 5 beta 1, which promotes tumor cells towards invasive disease. The findings suggest that ETAR/beta-arr1 may regulate the functional pathway of Int alpha 5 beta 1 and could be considered in integrin-targeting programs.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicolo Bizzarri, Antonella Biscione, Francesca Moro, Luigi Pedone Anchora, Valeria Catinella, Camilla Certelli, Elena Teodorico, Anna Fagotti, Francesco Fanfani, Ali Kucukmetin, Denis Querleu, Gabriella Ferrandina, Giovanni Scambia, Antonia Carla Testa
Summary: The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic impact of ultrasound tumor parameters and patients' anthropometric parameters on cervical cancer. The study found that low body mass index (BMI) and ultrasound tumor volume were associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Additionally, the study identified a significant relation between ultrasound characteristics and pathological parametrial infiltration. These findings suggest that these parameters can be useful in pre-operative workup for a patient-tailored treatment in early-stage cervical cancer.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Marianna Mazza, Carla Avallone, Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis, Giuseppe Marano, Lorenzo Moccia, Anna Maria Serio, Marta Balocchi, Ilenia Sessa, Delfina Janiri, Ilaria De Luca, Caterina Brisi, Maria Chiara Spera, Laura Monti, Angela Gonsalez del Castillo, Gloria Angeletti, Daniela Chieffo, Lucio Rinaldi, Luigi Janiri, Antonio Lanzone, Giovanni Scambia, Eugenio Maria Mercuri, Gabriele Sani
Summary: This study aimed to examine the incidence of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy and to evaluate the role of affective temperament traits and psychosocial risk factors in predicting them. The prevalence of depressive symptomatology in our sample was 41.45% and the prevalence of depression was 9.85%, with 6.75% experiencing mild depression and 3.10% experiencing moderate depression. Several factors were found to be significantly associated with the development of depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia D'Ippolito, Greta Barbaro, Carmela Paciullo, Chiara Tersigni, Giovanni Scambia, Nicoletta Di Simone
Summary: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent presence of autoantibodies against phospholipid-binding proteins, leading to thrombosis and/or obstetrical complications. Vascular APS (VAPS) and obstetric APS (OAPS) have been recognized as two distinct clinical entities. VAPS is explained by the interference of antiphospholipid antibodies with the coagulation cascade, while OAPS involves additional mechanisms such as direct damage to trophoblast cells by anti-beta 2 glycoprotein-I.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
A. Rosati, V. Vargiu, C. Certelli, M. Arcieri, E. Vizza, F. Legge, F. Cosentino, G. Ferrandina, F. Fanfani, G. Scambia, G. Corrado
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the sarcomatous component (homologous vs heterologous) on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs). The results showed that the heterologous sarcomatous component had a significant negative impact on the prognosis of early-stage UCSs.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Domenico Luca Grieco, Andrea Russo, Gian Marco Anzellotti, Bruno Romano, Filippo Bongiovanni, Antonio M. Dell'Anna, Luigi Mauti, Laura Cascarano, Valerio Gallotta, Tommaso Rosa, Francesco Varone, Luca S. Menga, Lorenzo Polidori, Marco D'Indinosante, Serena Cappuccio, Claudia Galletta, Lucia Tortorella, Barbara Costantini, Salvatore Gueli Alletti, Liliana Sollazzi, Giovanni Scambia, Massimo Antonelli
Summary: The study aimed to assess the effects of a protective ventilation strategy during Trendelenburg pneumoperitoneum surgery on postoperative oxygenation. A randomized trial was conducted with patients randomized into standard ventilation group and protective ventilation group during anesthesia. The results showed that there was no significant difference in PaO2/FiO2 one hour after extubation between the protective ventilation group and the standard ventilation group, but the protective ventilation group exhibited less injurious ventilation during the surgery.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ilaria Capasso, Angela Santoro, Emanuela Lucci Cordisco, Emanuele Perrone, Francesca Tronconi, Ursula Catena, Gian Franco Zannoni, Giovanni Scambia, Francesco Fanfani, Domenica Lorusso, Simona Duranti
Summary: Lynch syndrome is a genetic condition that increases the risk of various tumors, including endometrial and ovarian cancers. Universal screening is recommended for detecting Lynch syndrome. Surgery, chemoprevention, and immunotherapy are viable options for treatment.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Federica Perelli, Alberto Mattei, Giovanni Scambia, Anna Franca Cavaliere
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)