Article
Biology
Giulia Ambrosi, Oksana Voloshanenko, Antonia F. Eckert, Dominique Kranz, G. Ulrich Nienhaus, Michael Boutros
Summary: Wnt signaling is important in various biological processes, and mutations in beta-catenin can activate this signaling pathway. In this study, fluorescently tagged alleles of wild-type and mutant beta-catenin were engineered and analyzed to understand their properties. The results revealed distinct biophysical properties between the two alleles, and the wild-type allele could be manipulated to mimic the properties of the mutant allele through specific treatments.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jakob Tarp, Morten W. Fagerland, Knut Eirik Dalene, Jostein Steene Johannessen, Bjorge H. Hansen, Barbara J. Jefferis, Peter H. Whincup, Keith M. Diaz, Steven Hooker, Virginia J. Howard, Ariel Chernofsky, Martin G. Larson, Nicole L. Spartano, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Ing-Mari Dohrn, Maria Hagstromer, Charlotte Edwardson, Thomas Yates, Eric J. Shiroma, Paddy C. Dempsey, Katrien Wijndaele, Sigmund A. Anderssen, I-Min Lee, Ulf Ekelund
Summary: The study revealed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower risk of mortality regardless of weight status. For normal weight and overweight individuals, higher levels of total and intensity-specific physical activity were related to lower mortality risk, while for those who were obese, only total physical activity was inversely associated with mortality risk.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin J. Scully, Laura T. Jay, Steven Freedman, Gregory S. Sawicki, Ahmet Uluer, Joel S. Finkelstein, Melissa S. Putman
Summary: Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis than body mass index. Diet quality and exercise impact body composition in these patients, with higher physical activity levels associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. Future studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and clinical outcomes in CF patients are needed.
Article
Psychiatry
He-Ying Hu, Ya-Ru Zhang, Qiaolifan Aerqin, Ya-Nan Ou, Zuo-Teng Wang, Wei Cheng, Jian-Feng Feng, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: There is a link between multimorbidity and dementia risk, with a higher risk for those with more chronic conditions. Cardio-cerebrovascular/respiratory/metabolic/musculoskeletal/depressive multimorbidity is associated with an increased risk of multiple subtypes of dementia.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xiaomeng Zhang, Evropi Theodoratou, Xue Li, Susan M. Farrington, Philip J. Law, Peter Broderick, Marion Walker, Yann C. Klimentidis, Jessica M. B. Rees, Richard S. Houlston, Ian P. M. Tomlinson, Stephen Burgess, Harry Campbell, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Maria Timofeeva
Summary: Genetically represented measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and acceleration vector magnitude physical activity are associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk, with effects distinct from those mediated through genetic measures of obesity, indicating the positive impact of promoting physical activity on colorectal cancer prevention.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Glen E. Duncan, Ally Avery, Jennifer L. M. Thorson, Eric E. Nilsson, Daniel Beck, Michael K. Skinner
Summary: An epigenome-wide association study on monozygotic twins revealed that physical activity can promote systemic epigenetic alterations and impact metabolic risk factors. The study analyzed differences in body mass index, physical activity levels, and neighborhood walkability between twin pairs and identified DNA methylation alterations associated with reduced metabolic parameters. The study also identified genes related to vigorous physical activity, metabolic risk factors, and sex.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Roman E. Zyla, Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel, Yutaka Amemiya, Dina Bassiouny, Arun Seth, Bojana Djordjevic, Sharon Nofech-Mozes, Carlos Parra-Herran
Summary: CTNNB1 mutations and nuclear beta-catenin expression are associated with better progression-free survival in patients with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, while membranous beta-catenin expression is not correlated with disease-free survival or disease-specific survival.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ji Yeon Seo, Eun Hyo Jin, Goh Eun Chung, Young Sun Kim, Jung Ho Bae, Jeong Yoon Yim, Kyung-Do Han, Sun Young Yang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between body weight change and the risk of colorectal cancer. The results indicate that persistent obesity is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophie Shaw, Susan Berry, John Thomson, Graeme I. Murray, Emad El-Omar, Georgina L. Hold
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between colonic mucosal microbiota and obesity, and found that obesity affects the composition of colonic mucosal microbiota. These findings are important for the development of pre-onset screening and therapeutic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mi Kyoung Son, Dae Sub Song, Kyoungho Lee, Hyun-Young Park
Summary: This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) in the midlife general population and estimate their impact. The results showed that high systolic blood pressure, obesity with central obesity, and an inactive lifestyle were significantly associated with incident AF. Maintaining or achieving a lower burden of modifiable risk factors was associated with decreased AF risk.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dae Bum Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Ji Min Lee, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung-Do Han, Yong Gyu Park
Summary: The study found that waist circumference and body mass index were positively associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but after mutual adjustment, only waist circumference showed a significant association with CRC risk. Furthermore, even with the same waist circumference, individuals with worsening diabetes status had a gradually higher risk of CRC.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
William B. Nicolson, Julianna Bailey, Najlaa Z. Alotaibi, Stefanie Krick, John D. Lowman
Summary: Exercise training has no negative impact on the nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis, and resistance exercise can help improve body weight. Further research is needed to understand how exercise affects adults and overweight individuals with this condition.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mario Kasovic, Lovro Stefan, Pavel Piler, Martin Zvonar
Summary: The study found that children of mothers who were overweight/obese pre-pregnancy were more likely to report sports injuries, while children of underweight mothers had lower odds of reporting sports injuries. Additionally, increasing maternal physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of sports injuries in children.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marko Mandic, Fatemeh Safizadeh, Tobias Niedermaier, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner
Summary: In this population-based case-control study conducted in Germany, overweight and obesity were found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), taking into account substantial prediagnostic weight loss. The study also revealed a positive association between BMI, overweight, obesity, and a 5-unit increase in BMI measured 8 to 10 years before diagnosis, and a negative association between weight loss and CRC risk.
Article
Oncology
Hung N. Luu, Mo Thi Tran, Mai Vu-Tuyet Nguyen, Thuy Thi-Van Tuong, Quang Hong Tran, Linh Cu Le, Huong Thi-Thu Pham, Hien Thi-Thu Ha, Martha J. Shrubsole, Qiuyin Cai, Fei Ye, Paolo Boffetta, Xiao-Ou Shu, Chi Thi-Du Tran
Summary: The study found an association between underweight and colorectal adenomas prevalence, especially significant in males, smokers, non-regular exercisers, and individuals with cardiometabolic disorders, but not observed in obese individuals. Underweight showed a reversed J-shape association with adenomas prevalence. Further studies are needed to replicate and investigate the biological mechanism of this association.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hanna Elomaa, Maarit Ahtiainen, Sara A. Vayrynen, Shuji Ogino, Jonathan A. Nowak, Marjukka Friman, Olli Helminen, Erkki-Ville Wirta, Toni T. Seppala, Jan Bohm, Markus J. Makinen, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Teijo Kuopio, Juha P. Vayrynen
Summary: This study evaluated the prognostic significance of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation and T cell densities in colorectal cancer patients. The findings showed that high T cell proximity score was associated with longer cancer-specific survival, indicating the potential of spatial measurement of T cell infiltrates as a novel, robust tumour-immune biomarker.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Richard Hunger, Barbara Seliger, Shuji Ogino, Rene Mantke
Summary: The study found a significant inverse relationship between the extent of risk adjustment and the volume effect, suggesting the presence of unmeasured confounding and overestimation of volume effects. Data from the research showed that patient-specific factors were the most important influencing factors for short-term mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wenjie Ma, Marjorie M. Walker, Marcus Thuresson, Bjorn Roelstraete, Filip Skoldberg, Ola Olen, Lisa L. Strate, Andrew T. Chan, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Summary: This study found that patients with diverticular disease who have colorectal histopathology have a 33% increased risk of overall incident cancer, with specific increases in colon, liver, pancreatic, and lung cancers.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chun-Han Lo, Andrew T. Chan
Article
Oncology
Hanna Elomaa, Maarit Ahtiainen, Sara A. Vaeyrynen, Shuji Ogino, Jonathan A. Nowak, Mai Chan Lau, Olli Helminen, Erkki-Ville Wirta, Toni T. Seppaelae, Jan Boehm, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Teijo Kuopio, Juha P. Vaeyrynen
Summary: The expression patterns and prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-1 in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are inadequately characterised. This study found that PD-L1(+) macrophages and PD-1(+) T cells were associated with better clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. These findings enhance the understanding of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment and could contribute to the development of improved immunotherapies.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zhangyan Lyu, Dong Hang, Xiaosheng He, Kana Wu, Yin Cao, Bernard Rosner, Andrew T. Chan, Shuji Ogino, Ni Li, Min Dai, Edward L. Giovannucci, Mingyang Song
Summary: A simple prediction model based on five major risk factors for high-risk serrated polyps (SPs) was developed and validated, which may be useful for providing healthy lifestyle recommendations and tailored colorectal cancer screening.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francis K. L. Chan, Martin C. S. Wong, Andrew T. Chan, James E. East, Han-Mo Chiu, Govind K. Makharia, David Weller, Choon Jin Ooi, Julajak Limsrivilai, Yutaka Saito, Dao Hang, Jon D. Emery, Dadang Makmun, Kaichun Wu, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Siew C. Ng
Summary: The Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and the Asian Pacific Society of Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE) have jointly released a guideline on the use of non-invasive biomarkers for screening colorectal cancer (CRC). This guideline provides comprehensive information on various screening tools, including faecal immunochemical tests, faecal or blood-based tumour biomarkers, and microbial biomarkers, along with indications, patient selection, and strengths and limitations of each tool.
Article
Oncology
Shanshan Shi, Kai Wang, Tomotaka Ugai, Marios Giannakis, Jules Cazaubiel, Andrew T. Chan, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jonathan A. Nowak, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Shuji Ogino, Mingyang Song
Summary: The association between vitamin C intake and colorectal cancer survival varies depending on the KRAS or BRAF mutation status, suggesting potential benefits for patients with mutated tumors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
John Lai, Chi Kuen Wong, Daniel F. Schmidt, Miroslaw K. Kapuscinski, Karen Alpen, Robert J. Macinnis, Daniel D. Buchanan, Aung K. Win, Jane C. Figueiredo, Andrew T. Chan, Tabitha A. Harrison, Michael Hoffmeister, Emily White, Loic Le Marchand, Rish K. Pai, Ulrike Peters, John L. Hopper, Mark A. Jenkins, Enes Makalic
Summary: The DEPTH analysis method can be used to identify candidate susceptibility regions for colorectal cancer, and it has identified regions that conventional analyses cannot detect in larger datasets. DEPTH identified many new candidate susceptibility regions in the CCFR and GECCO studies, and it found four reproducible regions.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yin Cao, Andrew t. Chan
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kosuke Mima, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Kentaro Inamura, Hideo Baba, Tomotaka Ugai, Shuji Ogino
Summary: There has been a significant increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, particularly in the digestive system. While some of these cancers are associated with genetic variants, the majority are sporadic and multifactorial. Factors such as diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood may play a role in the development of these cancers, but their exact contributions are still uncertain. To address this rising trend, interdisciplinary research approaches are needed to improve our understanding of the etiology and develop better prevention and treatment strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Markus Dines Knudsen, Kai Wang, Liang Wang, Georgios Polychronidis, Paula Berstad, Kana Wu, Xiaosheng He, Dong Hang, Zhe Fang, Shuji Ogino, Andrew T. Chan, Edward Giovannucci, Molin Wang, Mingyang Song
Summary: This study developed an effective risk stratification tool for predicting post-polypectomy colorectal cancer (PPCRC) based on three population-based cohorts and validated the tool in a clinical cohort. By collecting detailed data on demographics, endoscopic history, polyp features, and lifestyle factors, the researchers developed an 11-predictor risk score for PPCRC, which can guide tailored colonoscopy surveillance strategies.
Article
Oncology
Alexi N. Archambault, Jihyoun Jeon, Yi Lin, Minta Thomas, Tabitha A. Harrison, D. Timothy Bishop, Hermann Brenner, Graham Casey, Andrew T. Chan, Jenny Chang-Claude, Jane C. Figueiredo, Steven Gallinger, Stephen B. Gruber, Marc J. Gunter, Feng Guo, Michael Hoffmeister, Mark A. Jenkins, Temitope O. Keku, Loic Le Marchand, Li Li, Victor Moreno, Polly A. Newcomb, Rish Pai, Patrick S. Parfrey, Gad Rennert, Lori C. Sakoda, Jeffrey K. Lee, Martha L. Slattery, Mingyang Song, Aung Ko Win, Michael O. Woods, Neil Murphy, Peter T. Campbell, Yu-Ru Su, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Elisabeth F. P. Peterse, Yin Cao, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Peter S. Liang, Mengmeng Du, Douglas A. Corley, Li Hsu, Ulrike Peters, Richard B. Hayes
Summary: This study developed risk prediction models for early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) that incorporate an environmental risk score (ERS) and a polygenic risk score (PRS). The study found that increasing values of ERS and PRS were associated with increasing relative risks for early-onset CRC. Personal risk scores have the potential to identify individuals at differential relative and absolute risk for early-onset CRC, and may improve screening and outcomes.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)