Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ming Ren Toh, Evelyn Yi Ting Wong, Sunny Hei Wong, Alvin Wei Tian Ng, Lit-Hsin Loo, Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow, Joanne Ngeow
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading global cancer, primarily occurring in genetically susceptible individuals with liver cirrhosis and exposure to risk factors. Temporal and geographical variations exist in HCC, with a shift from viral to nonviral causes and a higher burden in regions with a high sociodemographic index. Hepatitis viruses are the predominant causes of HCC in Asia and Africa, while genetic conditions contributing to HCC risk are less recognized outside North America and Europe. This review evaluates the epidemiology, risk factors, and genetics of HCC, including monogenic diseases, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, gut microbiome, and somatic mutations.
Article
Oncology
Rok Razpotnik, Robert Vidmar, Marko Fonovic, Damjana Rozman, Tadeja Rezen
Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Through transcriptomic analyses, an upregulated circRNA hsa_circ_0062682 was identified. Stable perturbations of hsa_circ_0062682 influenced various aspects of oncogenesis, including colony formation, migration, cell proliferation, and sorafenib sensitivity. Pathway and gene set enrichment analyses explained the observed phenotypes and potential downstream targets were identified. Furthermore, YBX1, a known oncogene, was found to be a binding partner. The complex cell-type-specific response to hsa_circ_0062682's oncogenic potential is consistent with the heterogeneity of HCC subtypes.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chen-hao Zhang, Yifei Cheng, Shu Zhang, Jia Fan, Qiang Gao
Summary: Liver cancer is a major disease burden in Asia, with hepatocellular carcinoma being the most common type. Hepatitis B and C viruses remain the leading risk factors for HCC, although there has been a slight decline in most Asian countries. However, HCC caused by metabolic factors is increasing rapidly in Asia.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Erwan Vo Quang, Yusuke Shimakawa, Pierre Nahon
Summary: Hepatitis B and C are prominent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in different regions, with a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis globally by 2030. Measures like vaccination, antiviral therapies, and liver cancer screening programs are crucial in reducing the burden of HCC worldwide.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bipul Gnyawali, Antoinette Pusateri, Ashley Nickerson, Sajid Jalil, Khalid Mumtaz
Summary: Chronic Hepatitis B is a globally prevalent disease that poses a significant healthcare burden, especially in low-resource regions where access to diagnosis, vaccination, screening, and treatment is limited. Mitigating the impact of the disease includes increasing screening in high-risk groups, improving health literacy in vulnerable populations, and developing robust vaccination programs in underserved areas.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hui-Chun Li, Chee-Hing Yang, Shih-Yen Lo
Summary: Several dysregulated lncRNAs have been found to play important roles in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, and may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Chen Shen, Xin Jiang, Mei Li, Yao Luo
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health challenge caused by hepatitis virus infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are major risk factors for HCC development. This review discusses the mechanisms by which these viruses induce HCC and presents new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The potential relationship between hepatitis E virus (HEV) and HCC is also considered.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francesca Garuti, Andrea Neri, Francesca Avanzato, Annagiulia Gramenzi, Davide Rampoldi, Paola Rucci, Fabio Farinati, Edoardo G. Giannini, Fabio Piscaglia, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Maria Di Marco, Eugenio Caturelli, Marco Zoli, Rodolfo Sacco, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Fabio Marra, Andrea Mega, Filomena Morisco, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Francesco G. Foschi, Gabriele Missale, Alberto Masotto, Gerardo Nardone, Giovanni Raimondo, Francesco Azzaroli, Gianpaolo Vidili, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Franco Trevisani
Summary: In Italy, over the last 15 years, there has been a gradual increase in age of HCC patients, a rise in non-viral cases, and improvements in clinical management. Different treatment methods have shown positive outcomes, leading to an overall increase in survival rates.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco Paolo Russo, Alberto Zanetto, Elisa Pinto, Sara Battistella, Barbara Penzo, Patrizia Burra, Fabio Farinati
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with chronic viral hepatitis being a significant contributing factor. The pathophysiology of viral-related HCC involves liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and deregulation of cell signaling pathways. Regular ultrasound surveillance is recommended for patients with cirrhosis and high-risk individuals with chronic HBV infection. Antiviral therapy reduces the risks of HCC development and recurrence. Various scoring systems have been developed to predict the risk of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas Noverati, Rukaiya Bashir-Hamidu, Dina Halegoua-DeMarzio, Hie-Won Hann
Summary: Hepatitis B virus is a significant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma globally. The complex mechanisms of this virus include interactions with the host's immune system. Factors such as stress can amplify these mechanisms. Chronic stress, harmful to health, can suppress or activate the host's defense system, leading to tumor initiation and progression in liver cancer. Chronic stress, often overlooked, should be recognized as a potential risk factor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Patrizia Farci, Grazia Anna Niro, Fausto Zamboni, Giacomo Diaz
Summary: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small RNA virus that relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for virion assembly and transmission, and can lead to chronic hepatitis D. Studies have shown that HDV is associated with a significantly higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to HBV monoinfection. The mechanisms by which HDV promotes liver cancer are still unclear, but recent data suggest that HDV and HBV promote carcinogenesis through distinct molecular mechanisms.
Review
Immunology
Joan Ericka Flores, Alexander J. Thompson, Marno Ryan, Jessica Howell
Summary: Hepatitis B vaccination remains crucial for preventing liver cancer and achieving global hepatitis B elimination targets, but there is variability in vaccination coverage and challenges in meeting the targets.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Bo Liu, Qingfeng Zhang, Jingou Wang, Shumin Cao, Zhiyuan Zhou, Ze-Xian Liu, Han Cheng
Summary: Various studies have found a relationship between cancer occurrence and viral infections. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified six viruses as Class 1 human carcinogens, and another as 'probably carcinogenic to humans'. The iCAV database provides a comprehensive resource of cancer-associated viruses for researchers to browse and download viral genomes.
DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yu-Chuan Shen, Hui-Ching Hsu, Tzu-Min Lin, Yu-Sheng Chang, Li-Fang Hu, Lung-Fang Chen, Sheng-Hong Lin, Pei- Kuo, Wei-Sheng Chen, Yi-Chun Lin, Jin-Hua Chen, Yu-Chih Liang, Chi-Ching Chang
Summary: This study suggests that H1-antihistamines may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or dual HBV-HCV infection. Patients using AHs had significantly lower risk of HCC compared to those who did not use AH, and there was a dose-response relationship observed.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maria Alejandra Luna-Cuadros, Hao-Wei Chen, Hira Hanif, Mukarram Jamat Ali, Muzammil Muhammad Khan, Daryl Tan-Yeung Lau
Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the introduction of direct-acting antivirals has revolutionized HCV therapy. Successful treatment greatly reduces the risk of HCC, but certain patients, especially those with cirrhosis, remain at risk even after achieving sustained virologic response (SVR). Noninvasive modalities and various fibrosis scores may be used to monitor hepatic fibrosis and predict the risk of HCC in patients with SVR, but further validation and standardization are needed before implementing them in routine clinical care.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)