Article
Dermatology
Christian T. Wong, Dennis H. Oh
Summary: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage by facilitating the dissociation of XPC from damaged DNA, allowing for the recruitment and assembly of other repair proteins to proceed normally.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikhil Jakhar, Akshay Prabhakant, Marimuthu Krishnan
Summary: UV radiation-induced DNA damages, particularly the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesions, have adverse effects on genome integrity and cellular function. Rad4/XPC protein is responsible for recognizing and repairing CPD lesions, but the molecular mechanism behind this process has been elusive. By using enhanced sampling and molecular dynamics simulations, this study investigates the mechanism and energetics of lesion recognition by Rad4/XPC. The findings shed light on the sequence of events and their potential coupling, providing important insights into understanding UV-related skin disorders and cancers and facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Zhou, Qixiang Zhao, Chengcheng Yue, Jiadong Yu, Huaping Zheng, Jing Hu, Zhonglan Hu, Haozhou Zhang, Xiu Teng, Xiao Liu, Xiaoqiong Wei, Yuxi Zhou, Fanlian Zeng, Yan Hao, Yawen Hu, Xiaoyan Wang, Chen Zhang, Linna Gu, Wenling Wu, Yifan Zhou, Kaijun Cui, Nongyu Huang, Wei Li, Zhen Wang, Jiong Li
Summary: IL-38 is downregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and its knockout suppresses skin tumor formation and malignant progression. Deletion of IL-38 leads to reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and myeloid cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. IL-38 activates the JNK/AP-1 pathway in an IL-1Rrp2-dependent manner to promote cancer-related inflammatory cytokines expression, tumor cell proliferation, and migration.
Article
Oncology
Tianjiao Tang, Jing Wang, Lidan Zhang, Ying Cheng, Laura Saleh, Yanni Gu, Hongbin Zhang
Summary: Increased levels of IQGAP2 mRNA were found to be associated with lower overall survival rates in DLBCL patients, and were related to immunosuppression.
Article
Economics
Rabindra Nepal, Ronald Sofe, Tooraj Jamasb, Vikash Ramiah
Summary: The small island economy of Papua New Guinea is facing electricity shortages and is implementing power sector reforms to attract private capital. However, there is a gap between the theory and practice of the reforms, and the insolvency of the state-owned utility poses a revenue risk to independent power producers.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathaniel B. Bone, Eugene J. Becker, Maroof Husain, Shaoning Jiang, Anna A. Zmijewska, Dae-Won Park, Balu Chacko, Victor Darley-Usmar, Murielle Gregoire, Jean-Marc Tadie, Victor J. Thannickal, Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
Summary: The metabolic and bioenergetic plasticity of immune cells is crucial for responding to bacterial infections. AMPK and Parkin play key roles in regulating mitochondrial quality control mitophagy, preventing unwanted inflammatory responses. These mechanisms may be potential therapeutic targets for treating immunosuppression and reducing severity of secondary bacterial infections.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Gang Wu, Marc D. Ruben, Lauren J. Francey, Yin Yeng Lee, Ron C. Anafi, John B. Hogenesch
Summary: In this study, we developed a new computational approach called LTM to explore candidate pathways coupled to the clock in human tissues. The cell cycle was identified as the top candidate clock-coupled pathway in healthy skin, while extracellular matrix organization-related pathways were tightly associated with clock strength in tumor samples.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Akanksha Esmeeta, Subhamay Adhikary, V Dharshnaa, P. Swarnamughi, Z. Ummul Maqsummiya, Antara Banerjee, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy
Summary: Colon cancer, the third most common cancer, can be inhibited by plant-based compounds through various mechanisms. However, there are challenges in using these compounds, such as poor solubility, absorption, and intellectual property issues. Traditional medicines have advantages and limitations in treating cancer. This review focuses on the benefits and challenges of using bioactive compounds derived from plants for colon cancer.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel Edelmann, Markus Oberpaul, Till F. Schaeberle, Bork A. Berghoff
Summary: This study demonstrates that deletion of regulatory RNA elements can decouple persister formation from the intended stress situation, enabling the formation of TisB-dependent persisters in an SOS-independent manner.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Kalle Mattila, Helmi Vihinen, Antti Karlsson, Heikki Minn, Pia Vihinen, Eetu Heervae
Summary: Previous studies have shown that persistent tobacco smoking is associated with lower survival rates in patients with cutaneous melanoma, but the effects of smoking and other prognostic factors have not been extensively studied. This study examined the relationship between smoking (persistent, former, or never) and melanoma-specific (MSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with cutaneous melanoma treated in Southwest Finland from 2005 to 2019. The results showed that smoking remained an independent prognostic factor for inferior melanoma-specific survival, regardless of age, sex, stage, and comorbidities. The study also found that smoking was associated with increased melanoma-specific and overall mortality in stage IV patients. Therefore, healthcare professionals should actively inquire about smoking habits in order to support smoking cessation.
ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shubham K. Jaiswal, Shitij Manojkumar Agarwal, Parikshit Thodum, Vineet K. Sharma
Summary: SkinBug is a tool for predicting metabolic reactions of skin microbiome, with a curated database of metabolic enzymes from various skin sites achieving an accuracy of up to 82.4%. It predicts all possible metabolic reactions and related information, with important applications in exposome and microbiome studies, dermatology, and skin cancer research.
Article
Cell Biology
Laura Marruecos, Joan Manils, Cristina Moreta, Diana Gomez, Ingrid Filgaira, Anna Serafin, Xavier Canas, Lluis Espinosa, Concepcio Soler
Summary: Loss of a single Trp53 allele can impact the oxidative, DNA damage, and inflammatory status of hematopoietic lineages, potentially facilitating and supporting carcinogenesis over time.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Che-Sheng Chung, Hsu Lei Wai, Ching-Yang Kao, Soo-Chen Cheng
Summary: The spliceosome assembly process involves the binding and release of components, facilitated by RNA helicases. In this study, we reveal that the prototypic splicing proofreader, Prp16, has a contrasting role in promoting the utilization of aberrant splice sites and mutated branchpoints. Prp16 can enhance the utilization of faulty splice sites while preventing the use of nearby cryptic branch sites.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Simona Granata, Gianpaolo Tessari, Giovanni Stallone, Gianluigi Zaza
Summary: In the last two decades, advancements in organ preservation, surgical techniques, and personalised immunosuppression have reduced the occurrence of acute rejections and early post-transplant complications. However, long-term graft survival rates have remained stagnant, possibly due to chronic calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. Skin cancer, particularly non-melanoma skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma), is the most common malignancy among Caucasian solid organ transplant recipients. Various factors, including immunosuppression, contribute to the susceptibility to skin cancers, which have higher mortality rates compared to the general population. Early identification and treatment, along with patient education on sun protection and self-diagnosis, are crucial preventive measures. Collaboration between transplant clinicians, dermatologists, and surgeons is essential for effective management of these complications.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruna Stuqui, Paola Jocelan Scarin Provazzi, Maria Leticia Duarte Lima, Agata Silva Cabral, Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel, Natalia Maria Candido, Sebastiao Roberto Taboga, Marcia Guimaraes da Silva, Flavio de Oliveira Lima, Patricia Pereira dos Santos Melli, Silvana Maria Quintana, Marilia de Freitas Calmon, Paula Rahal
Summary: This study identified candidate genes and pathways associated with immune alterations in individuals with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genital warts. Gene expression analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in genital warts, and immunohistochemical analysis showed changes in immune markers. These findings contribute to our understanding and management of genital warts.