Article
Oncology
Kali Zhou, Ziwei Song, Nairi Rostomian, Jennifer L. Dodge, Mariana C. Stern, V. Wendy Setiawan, Norah A. Terrault, Myles G. Cockburn, Lihua Liu
Summary: Immigrants make up a significant proportion of HCC patients in the US, and those who are foreign-born have better survival rates compared to US-born patients. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this survival disparity.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhensheng Wang, Hashem B. El-Serag, Aaron P. Thrift
Summary: Recent studies have shown an increasing trend in non-cardia gastric cancer among non-Hispanic whites aged < 50 years in the USA, with rates of localized disease increasing significantly. Meanwhile, rates of distant stage non-cardia gastric cancer among Hispanics aged < 50 years are also on the rise.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Anna Tavakkoli, Sandi L. Pruitt, Anh Q. Hoang, Hong Zhu, Amy E. Hughes, Thomas A. McKey, B. Joseph Elmunzer, Richard S. Kwon, Caitlin C. Murphy, Amit G. Singal
Summary: The incidence rates of gastric cancer are increasing in young adults, especially among Hispanic persons. Ethnicity and poverty level are important factors influencing the incidence rates of early-onset gastric cancer.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laura E. Wild, William B. Patterson, Roshonda B. Jones, Jasmine F. Plows, Paige K. Berger, Claudia Rios, Jennifer L. Fogel, Michael Goran, Tanya L. Alderete
Summary: Preliminary analysis indicates that Hispanic women, particularly those who are postpartum, are at risk of inadequate intake of important micronutrients such as folate and vitamins A, D, and E. Additionally, a high percentage of these women were found to be consuming excess sodium.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Rachael A. Powers, Richard K. Moule, Rachel E. Severson
Summary: The study examines the relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and violent and nonviolent offending among Hispanic adults in the United States, and investigates whether these relationships vary based on nativity. The results show that ACEs are associated with violent offending, especially among native-born U.S. Hispanics. However, there are notable comparability and differences among groups. The study highlights the importance of ACEs on later adult outcomes and the need to consider demographic and cultural factors in understanding these relationships.
JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Eunjung Lee, Kai-Ya Tsai, Juanjuan Zhang, Amie E. Hwang, Dennis Deapen, Jennifer J. Koh, Eric S. Kawaguchi, James Buxbaum, Sang Hoon Ahn, Lihua Liu
Summary: This study found that stomach cancer incidence rates were higher among foreign-born individuals compared to US-born individuals in the United States, especially among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Americans. Implementing targeted prevention and screening strategies for high-risk racial/ethnic subgroups and immigrant populations is crucial to address substantial racial/ethnic disparities in stomach cancer.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bridgette E. Blebu
Summary: African-born Black women have a lower risk of preterm birth compared to US-born Black women, while the difference in preterm birth risk between US-born and Caribbean-born women is not statistically significant. The nativity advantage in preterm birth risk was robust to neighborhood social conditions and maternal factors for African-born women.
JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katherine L. Chen, Lauren E. Wisk, Teryl K. Nuckols, Paul M. Ong, Ninez A. Ponce, Joann G. Elmore, Kristen R. Choi, Claudia Nau, Frederick J. Zimmerman
Summary: This study reveals the associations between moving due to unaffordable housing and adverse health-related outcomes. After analyzing the data from the California Health Interview Survey, the study finds that cost-driven moves are associated with moderate to severe psychological distress, increased emergency department visits, decreased preventive care visits, poorer general health, and less leisure walking time.
Article
Psychiatry
Caroline Silva, Nora Douglas, Kimberly Van Orden
Summary: Suicide rates among Hispanics in the United States have been steadily increasing over the past two decades, particularly among youth and adults in midlife. This study explores the relationship between demographic and social factors and a sense of belonging among Hispanic adults, as well as the association between belonging and passive suicide ideation. The findings suggest that promoting community engagement and fostering a sense of neighborhood belonging can help decrease suicide risk among Hispanic adults.
ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Taylor M. Mobley, Crystal Shaw, Eleanor Hayes-Larson, Joseph Fong, Paola Gilsanz, Gilbert C. Gee, Ron Brookmeyer, Rachel A. Whitmer, Joan A. Casey, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
Summary: Research suggests an association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and dementia incidence among non-Latino Whites, but the association is weaker among Asian Americans. Understanding the different mechanisms driving dementia incidence in these two groups could provide valuable insights for dementia prevention.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mengmeng Li, Jin Young Park, Mahdi Sheikh, Violet Kayamba, Harriet Rumgay, Mazda Jenab, Clement Tetteh Narh, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani, Eileen Morgan, Catherine de Martel, Valerie McCormack, Melina Arnold
Summary: The incidence rates of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC) show correlations across populations, which vary depending on the subsite of GC and subtype of EC. Multisite studies that include populations with different patterns of incidence rates may provide valuable information on etiology.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hongxia Lu, Jianwei Zheng, Yun Wang
Summary: This research paper examines the opioid dispensing patterns in California and explores possible contributing factors. The study finds noticeable disparities in opioid dispensing among different racial and ethnic groups within California, as well as regional variations with higher rates of opioid prescriptions in rural areas compared to urban areas.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eleanor Hayes-Larson, Joseph Fong, Taylor M. Mobley, Paola Gilsanz, Rachel A. Whitmer, Gilbert C. Gee, Ron Brookmeyer, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
Summary: The incidence of dementia in Asian Americans compared to whites is lower, and this difference cannot be solely attributed to nativity differences. However, nativity may contribute to the heterogeneity seen across different Asian ethnicities. Future research should focus on examining the varying impacts of social and cardiometabolic factors.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiaoyue Chen, Astrid Kemperman, Harry Timmermans
Summary: Understanding the determinants of different types of leisure-time physical activities is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study used a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model to examine the determinants of habitual participation and time allocation to various activities over the life course. The results showed significant differences in the determinants of each activity type, including socio-demographics, life transitions, neighborhood characteristics, and time-related factors. These findings can inform the development of effective interventions to promote participation in leisure-time physical activities and encourage healthy living.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ann W. Nguyen, Harry Owen Taylor, Karen D. Lincoln, Weidi Qin, Tyrone Hamler, Fei Wang, Uchechi A. Mitchell
Summary: This study examines the association between neighborhood characteristics and inflammation in older non-Hispanic Black Americans, and also explores whether hopelessness and pessimism moderate this association.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Karen B. Jacobson, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Maria E. Montez Rath, Hannah Wang, Jacob A. Miller, Mehdi Skhiri, John Shepard, Roshni Mathew, Grace Lee, Bryan Bohman, Julie Parsonnet, Marisa Holubar
Summary: Despite mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines showing over 90% efficacy, breakthrough infections can still occur, especially with variants like B.1.427/B.1.429. Most post-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 cases happened before full immunity was expected, and the B.1.427/B.1.429 variant was not more prevalent in vaccinated cases compared to unvaccinated healthcare personnel.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shuchi Anand, Maria E. Montez-Rath, Jialin Han, Pablo Garcia, LinaCel Cadden, Patti Hunsader, Curt Morgan, Russell Kerschmann, Paul Beyer, Mary Dittrich, Geoffrey A. Block, Glenn M. Chertow, Julie Parsonnet
Summary: This prospective study followed 4791 patients receiving dialysis and found that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination decreased rapidly 5 to 6 months after vaccination, and was associated with risk for breakthrough infection. The occurrence of breakthrough infections was related to low RBD antibody levels.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kanagavel Murugesan, Prasanna Jagannathan, Jonathan Altamirano, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Hector F. Bonilla, Karen B. Jacobson, Julie Parsonnet, Jason R. Andrews, Run-Zhang Shi, Scott Boyd, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Upinder Singh, Niaz Banaei
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 immunodiagnostics, such as the interferon-gamma release assay, are important for identifying infected individuals and assessing vaccine response. This study demonstrates that the assay maintains sensitivity up to 10 months post-infection and detects more household contacts than IgG.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yishay Pinto, Sigal Frishman, Sondra Turjeman, Adi Eshel, Meital Nuriel-Ohayon, Oshrit Shrossel, Oren Ziv, William Walters, Julie Parsonnet, Catherine Ley, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Krithika Kumar, Ron Schweitzer, Soliman Khatib, Faiga Magzal, Efrat Muller, Snait Tamir, Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish, Samuli Rautava, Seppo Salminen, Erika Isolauri, Or Yariv, Yoav Peled, Eran Poran, Joseph Pardo, Rony Chen, Moshe Hod, Elhanan Borenstein, Ruth E. Ley, Betty Schwartz, Yoram Louzoun, Eran Hadar, Omry Koren
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition, and clinical records of 394 women during the first trimester of pregnancy in order to predict the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) earlier than currently accepted. The study also demonstrated the role of the gut microbiome in the development of GDM. These findings provide potential targets for early diagnostics and therapeutic intervention in the prevention of GDM.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Christopher L. Bennett, Carson E. Clay, Khairul A. Siddiqi, Bankole A. Olatosi, Julie Parsonnet, Carlos A. Camargo
Summary: This study aimed to identify the most efficient targets for future HIV testing efforts using a geographic focus in California. The results showed that emergency departments (EDs) affiliated with teaching hospitals in California are more likely to serve populations disproportionately impacted by HIV, suggesting that directing testing efforts towards these EDs could reduce the burden of undiagnosed HIV.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
William A. Walters, Andrea C. Granados, Catherine Ley, Scot Federman, Doug Stryke, Yale Santos, Thomas Haggerty, Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Venice Servellita, Ruth E. Ley, Julie Parsonnet, Charles Y. Chiu
Summary: The human gut virome and its early life development are not well understood. This study used viral metagenomic sequencing to examine the virome composition of infants and their mothers longitudinally. It was found that the infant virome primarily consisted of bacteriophages, nonhuman dietary/environmental viruses, and human-host viruses, while the maternal virome had a larger presence of undetected vertebrate viruses. The development of the infant virome was mainly influenced by dietary, infectious, and environmental factors rather than direct maternal acquisition.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joseph E. Levitt, Haley Hedlin, Sophie Duong, Di Lu, Justin Lee, Bryan Bunning, Nadia Elkarra, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Eileen Heffernan, Eric Springman, Richard B. Moss, Hector F. Bonilla, Julie Parsonnet, Roham T. Zamanian, Jamison J. Langguth, Jenna Bollyky, Chaitan Khosla, Mark R. Nicolls, Manisha Desai, Angela J. Rogers
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Acebilustat in treating outpatients with COVID-19, and the results showed that the medication did not shorten symptom duration.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Shuchi Anand, Maria Montez-Rath, Meri Varkila, Xue Yu, Martha Block, Stephanie Brillhart, Amanda Leppink, Patti Hunsader, Douglas K. Owens, Glenn M. Chertow, Julie Parsonnet, Geoffrey A. Block
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongna Zhang, Katherine Z. Sanidad, Jianan Zhang, Guangqiang Wang, Rong Zhang, Chengchen Hu, Yongfeng Lin, Thomas D. Haggerty, Julie Parsonnet, Yuxin Zheng, Guodong Zhang, Zongwei Cai
Summary: Triclosan (TCS) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent with adverse health effects. The gut microbiota plays a role in the toxicity of TCS by converting conjugated TCS derivatives back to their bioactive form in the colon. These findings highlight the importance of considering gut microbial metabolism in assessing the health risks of environmental chemicals.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Catherine Ley, Heying Duan, Julie Parsonnet
Summary: When conducting seroepidemiologic studies, using letters as invitations and reminders is more effective than postcards for recruiting participants, leading to higher household response rates.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher L. Bennett, Allan S. Detsky, Carson E. Clay, Janice A. Espinola, Julie Parsonnet, Carlos A. Camargo
Summary: This study found that emergency departments (EDs) in HIV priority jurisdictions in the United States serve populations emphasized in HIV-related efforts, such as Black or African American or Hispanic or Latino populations, as well as communities with higher proportions uninsured and living in poverty, and higher rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. EDs with teaching hospital affiliations had the highest visit volumes and steady growth. The findings suggest that geographically targeted screening in EDs with a teaching hospital affiliation could efficiently reach vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of undiagnosed HIV in the US.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Catherine Ley, Frederik Heath, Trevor Hastie, Zijun Gao, Myroslava Protsiv, Julie Parsonnet
Summary: This cross-sectional study determines the normal oral temperature ranges based on age, sex, height, weight, and time of day by analyzing a large number of clinical visit records. The findings have important implications for temperature assessment and disease diagnosis in clinical medicine.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meri R. J. Varkila, Maria E. Montez-Rath, Joshua A. Salomon, Xue Yu, Geoffrey A. Block, Douglas K. Owens, Glenn M. Chertow, Julie Parsonnet, Shuchi Anand
Summary: The widespread use of at-home COVID-19 tests affects the determination of community COVID-19 incidence. A study found that wastewater metrics were associated with high case and hospitalization rates in the first quarter of 2022, but the association weakened in subsequent quarters, possibly due to underreporting, reduced testing, and the effect of vaccines and treatments. This study suggests using wastewater metrics to improve the assessment of community infection prevalence when conventional surveillance data is unreliable.
Article
Cell Biology
Kattria van der Ploeg, Adam S. Kirosingh, Diego A. M. Mori, Saborni Chakraborty, Zicheng Hu, Benjamin L. Sievers, Karen B. Jacobson, Hector Bonilla, Julie Parsonnet, Jason R. Andrews, Kathleen D. Press, Maureen C. Ty, Daniel R. Ruiz-Betancourt, Lauren de la Parte, Gene S. Tan, Catherine A. Blish, Saki Takahashi, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Bryan Greenhouse, Upinder Singh, Taia T. Wang, Prasanna Jagannathan
Summary: This study explores the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4(+) T cells in COVID-19 patients and their correlation with neutralizing antibodies. The results show a shift in the quality of the CD4(+) T cell response over time, with TNF-alpha-producing cells becoming predominant. Higher percentages of TNF-alpha-producing CD4(+) T cells on day 28 correlate with higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. mRNA vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances both IFN gamma and TNF-alpha-producing CD4(+) T cells.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aravind Natarajan, Soumaya Zlitni, Erin F. Brooks, Summer E. Vance, Alex Dahlen, Haley Hedlin, Ryan M. Park, Alvin Han, Danica T. Schmidtke, Renu Verma, Karen B. Jacobson, Julie Parsonnet, Hector F. Bonilla, Upinder Singh, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Jason R. Andrews, Prasanna Jagannathan, Ami S. Bhatt
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA can persist in feces for up to 7 months in individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to shed viral RNA in their feces.