Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Harriet Rumgay, Melina Arnold, Mathieu Laversanne, David C. Whiteman, Aaron P. Thrift, Wenqiang Wei, Valery E. P. P. Lemmens, Isabelle Soerjomataram
Summary: This study aimed at improving our understanding of the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The results showed a decrease in squamous cell carcinoma incidence in some male populations and an increase in adenocarcinoma incidence in others, possibly associated with birth cohort and period effects.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Coppola, Tommaso Farolfi, Vincenzo La Vaccara, Immacolata Iannone, Francesco Giovinazzo, Elena Panettieri, Mariarita Tarallo, Roberto Cammarata, Roberto Coppola, Damiano Caputo
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging disease for healthcare professionals. Neoadjuvant treatment (NAD) has shown promising results in improving overall survival (OS) for PDAC patients. However, more randomized trials are needed to compare upfront surgery with NAD. CA 19-9 may be a valuable tool for decision-making in the presence of lymph-node metastases. The future challenge is to identify patients who will truly benefit from upfront surgery combined with NAD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kyle S. S. Liu, Syed Ahsan Raza, Hashem B. El-Serag, Aaron P. Thrift
Summary: The incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States has been increasing, mainly due to esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, it is unclear whether the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is still rising. This study found that the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has been steadily declining, while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma rose rapidly before stabilizing in 2000. The decline in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was observed across different age groups, genders, and races/ethnicities, while the trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma varied among these sub-groups. A cohort effect was observed for esophageal adenocarcinoma among people born in 1950, but the incidence rates remained stable across successive generations born between 1950 and 1985. Given the rising rates of known risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, it is important to continue monitoring changes in the incidence rates.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Francisco Zaera
Summary: This article provides a critical review of various prominent nanotechnologies used in catalysis, focusing on how they contribute to improving selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. The ways to modify catalytic sites include reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers, immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts, and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. These methodologies have advantages and limitations, but they offer new possibilities for catalyst design in specific applications.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hui Yu, Guomin Chen, Cong Zhou, Wai Kin Wong, Mengqi Yang, Yinglong Xu, Peiyan Chen, Rijin Wan, Xinrong Hu
Summary: This article analyzes the annual-mean position errors (PE) of tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts from three forecast agencies, and documents the past improvements and future tendencies in track forecast accuracy for TCs in the western North Pacific. The study finds that there has been a 48-hour improvement in lead time over the past 30 years, with noticeable stepwise periods of improvement. The improvements in the past decade are mainly attributed to the reduction in analysis errors rather than the reduction in the error growth rate. If the current trend continues, a further 2-day improvement in TC track forecast lead times can be expected in the coming 15 years.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sara Cherri, Silvia Noventa, Alberto Zaniboni
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers with chemotherapy being the standard treatment, albeit providing limited survival advantage. Understanding the molecular and cellular characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells and their resistance mechanisms is crucial. Precision medicine may hold the key to improving treatment responses in this challenging disease.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Peter W. M. Johnson
Summary: The treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma has seen increasing cure rates over the past 40 years, thanks to cytotoxic chemotherapy and selective radiotherapy. Recent studies focus on response-adapted approaches using functional imaging to adjust treatment and balance the probability of cure against the risks of extensive treatments. The introduction of antibody-based therapies offers potential for further improvements, but the challenge lies in identifying the most suitable patient groups.
HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Girish Hiremath, Lili Sun, Margaret H. Collins, Peter A. Bonis, Nicoleta C. Arva, Kelley E. Capocelli, Mirna Chehade, Carla M. Davis, Gary W. Falk, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep K. Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, John Leung, Paneez Khoury, Vincent A. Mukkada, Lisa J. Martin, Jonathan M. Spergel, Joshua B. Wechsler, Guang-Yu Yang, Seema S. Aceves, Glenn T. Furuta, Marc. E. Rothenberg, Tatsuki Koyama, Evan S. Dellon
Summary: Except for the extent of involvement of dilated intercellular spaces in inactive EoE, the involvement of epithelial features and lamina propria in EoE is unevenly distributed across biopsy sites.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eileen Morgan, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Harriet Rumgay, Helen G. Coleman, Aaron P. Thrift, Jerome Vignat, Mathieu Laversanne, Jacques Ferlay, Melina Arnold
Summary: This study provides an overview of the burden of esophageal cancer in 185 countries in the year 2020 and projections for 2040. The global incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer vary across countries and regions, with higher rates observed in males compared to females. The predicted burden in 2040 shows an increase in new cases and deaths from esophageal cancer.
Article
Surgery
Marianna Papageorge, Susanna W. L. de Geus, Alison P. Woods, Sing Chau Ng, F. Thurston Drake, Andrea Merrill, Michael R. Cassidy, David McAneny, Jennifer F. Tseng, Teviah E. Sachs
Summary: A majority of patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma do not undergo the recommended lymphadenectomy, resulting in a survival disadvantage. Sufficient lymphadenectomy predicts nodal disease and demonstrates a survival benefit after matching.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yun Ji, Lulu Wang, Guanglei Chang, Juan Yan, Liping Dai, Zhenyu Ji, Jingjing Liu, Meixia He, Hongliang Xu, Liguo Zhang
Summary: By analyzing genomic data, this study identified miR-421 and miR-550a-1 as potential prognostic indicators for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Experimental validation showed that these miRNAs were highly expressed in EAC tissues and cells, and their downregulation inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, 20 target mRNAs of these miRNAs were predicted, and 7 of them were found to have prognostic value. Some of these genes were enriched in the miRNA cancer pathway.
Article
Oncology
Atsushi Shiozaki, Hiroyuki Inoue, Hiroki Shimizu, Toshiyuki Kosuga, Kenichi Takemoto, Michihiro Kudou, Takuma Ohashi, Tomohiro Arita, Hirotaka Konishi, Shuhei Komatsu, Takeshi Kubota, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Eigo Otsuji
Summary: This study found that TRPV2 and SLC12A2 are involved in the maintenance of esophageal adenocarcinoma stem cells (CSCs), and their specific inhibitors, tranilast and furosemide, respectively, have potential as targeted therapeutic agents for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Katharine E. Caldwell, Alexander P. Conway, Chet W. Hammill
Summary: Research on pancreatic cancer screening suggests limited overall survival benefits, while focusing on increasing the number of surgery candidates and improving surgical outcomes would have greater population benefits.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Zhiheng Chang, Tong Dang, Xianmei Meng, Jianyuan Chai
Summary: This article provides a summary of the laboratory work on the role of CCN1 in esophageal cancer and offers a new perspective on CCN1 biology. The study revealed that CCN1 induces TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells, and antagonizes the effects of TNF. These findings suggest that CCN1 has the potential to be a candidate for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Una C. McMenamin, Peipei Liu, Andrew T. Kunzmann, Michael B. Cook, Helen G. Coleman, Brian T. Johnston, Marie M. Cantwell, Chris R. Cardwell
Summary: Sex hormones play a role in the risk of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, with higher SHBG concentrations in men associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, and higher free testosterone levels in women associated with a lower risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
David Carr, H. Gilbert Welch
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
H. Gilbert Welch, Peter C. Albertsen
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
H. Gilbert Welch, Benjamin L. Mazer, Adewole S. Adamson
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Claire Sokas, Masami Kelly, Christina Sheu, Julia Song, H. Gilbert Welch, Regan Bergmark, Christina Minami, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Summary: The study interviewed breast and prostate cancer patients whose surgeries were delayed due to the pandemic, finding that most patients experienced significant distress, with key themes including lack of surprise and acceptance of the delays, as well as persistent worries about cancer and delay. Satisfaction with patient-physician communication and the availability of a delay strategy were key factors in patients' acceptance of the situation.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Claire Sokas, Masami Kelly, Christina Sheu, Julia Song, H. Gilbert Welch, Regan Bergmark, Christina Minami, Quoc-Dien Trinh
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Haley Yao, Claire Sokas, H. Gilbert Welch
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David Carr, David Kent, H. Gilbert Welch
Summary: A randomized trial of the GRAIL Galleri(TM) multi-cancer screening test is being planned for the National Health Service in England, which is expected to reduce all-cancer mortality by approximately 25%. The collaboration between GRAIL and the National Health Service could potentially set the evaluation standard for multi-cancer screening, as most patients believe cancer screening saves lives.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wayne Gao, Chi Pang Wen, Allison Wu, H. Gilbert Welch
Summary: As smoking declines, the proportion of lung cancers in nonsmokers will rise, leading to the need for expanded lung cancer screening in lower-risk groups. A study conducted in Taiwan found that LDCT screening was associated with significant lung cancer overdiagnosis in a largely nonsmoking population of Asian women.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Adewole S. Adamson, Elizabeth A. Suarez, H. Gilbert Welch
Summary: This study found considerable overdiagnosis of melanoma among White patients in the US, with increasing incidence but no corresponding increase in mortality.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Wayne Gao, Chi Pang Wen, H. Gilbert Welch
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Surgery
H. Gilbert Welch
Summary: Just like infections, cancers vary in severity and outcome. Cancer is not a singular entity, but a range of diseases with only a name connection.
Letter
Health Care Sciences & Services
David Carr, H. Gilbert Welch
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Dermatology
Adewole S. Adamson, Elizabeth A. Suarez, H. Gilbert Welch
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adewole S. Adamson, Heather Welch, H. Gilbert Welch
Summary: This study found that the geographical patterns of melanoma incidence were more associated with proxies for diagnostic scrutiny rather than UV radiation exposure. Some counties with lower UV radiation levels still had higher melanoma incidence due to better diagnostic resources.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Adewole S. Adamson, Benjamin L. Mazer, H. Gilbert Welch
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)