Review
Cell Biology
Kathryn M. Markey, Jillian C. Saunders, Jana Smuts, Catherine R. von Reyn, A. Denise R. Garcia
Summary: In the past 15-20 years, our understanding of astrocyte contributions to central nervous system function has significantly changed. Astrocytes are now recognized as key elements in a broad array of CNS functions, including synapse formation and function and blood brain barrier maintenance. However, the basic biology of astrocyte development remains poorly understood.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Scott J. J. Swanson, Abby White
Summary: The Lung Cancer Study Group Trial in 1995 established lobectomy as the standard treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. However, after 27 years and two additional randomized trials, is the thoracic oncology community clear on the choice of resection or are there more questions?
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Carol Moreno, Alba Mora
Summary: This study compares the MRD rates and outcomes of CLL patients treated with different regimens, providing valuable insights into the management of CLL.
Review
Cell Biology
Marta Waliszewska-Prosol, Maria Ejma
Summary: The normal function of the nervous system is closely related to the normal function of the thyroid gland and its hormones. The neurological disorders caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been well understood, and attention has recently been paid to neurological symptoms in euthyroid patients. However, the pathogenesis of Hashimoto encephalopathy remains unclear and requires further research.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kris Poppe
Summary: Severe thyroid dysfunction can lead to menstrual disorders and infertility, even after restoring normal thyroid function, surgery or assisted reproductive technology may be necessary for pregnancy. The initial step in assisted reproductive technology treatment is ovarian stimulation, which may exacerbate thyroid disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Parasitology
Thao-Thy Pham, Tracey J. Lamb, Katrien Deroost, Ghislain Opdenakker, Philippe E. Van den Steen
Summary: Hemozoin (Hz) produced by Plasmodium parasites is an immunomodulatory substance that may affect host immune response, leading to malarial complications. Conflicting data exist in the research, mainly due to differences in experimental setups and technical limitations.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Marijana Tadic, Johannes Kersten, Dominik Buckert, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Cesare Cuspidi
Summary: The impact of anticancer therapy on the right ventricle (RV) has not been well studied compared to the left ventricle (LV). Radiotherapy, commonly used for treating chest cancers, has been associated with negative clinical effects on the heart. The anatomical position of the RV makes it more susceptible to radiation exposure, especially in patients with left-sided breast and lung cancers, as well as mediastinal cancers. However, the complex anatomy of the RV has limited its investigation using echocardiographic examination, despite advancements in imaging techniques. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of these changes and predict adverse events. This review aims to summarize the current available data on RV changes in oncological patients and assist clinicians in assessing cardiac damage.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Tousty, Magda Fraszczyk-Tousty, Sylwia Dzidek, Hanna Jasiak-Jozwik, Kaja Michalczyk, Ewa Kwiatkowska, Aneta Cymbaluk-Ploska, Andrzej Torbe, Sebastian Kwiatkowski
Summary: Preeclampsia is a complex disorder of pregnancy with significant fetal and maternal consequences, and aspirin is recommended for high-risk women to reduce the risk. This review compared 14 guidelines and found variations in recommended dose, screening method, and timing for starting aspirin. Many societies now recommend higher doses (>75 mg) of aspirin, with most suggesting initiation before 16 weeks' gestation. The introduction of risk assessment models, such as the one proposed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation, has led to a shift in recommendations towards identifying high-risk populations and implementing aspirin prophylaxis, resulting in reduced morbidity for mothers and infants.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fanny M. Elahi, Michael M. Wang, James F. Meschia
Summary: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common factor driving age-dependent diseases, such as stroke and dementia. This review discusses evolving criteria and imaging biomarkers for diagnosing CSVD-related dementia, as well as diagnostic challenges and the lack of effective biomarkers. The review also explores the relationship between CSVD and neurodegenerative diseases, and summarizes recent studies on cardiovascular medicines and CSVD-related cognitive impairment. Despite remaining questions, the increased attention to CSVD has provided a clearer understanding of the upcoming challenges imposed by this disease.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jerzy Paluszkiewicz, Hendrik Milting, Marta Kaluzna-Oleksy, Malgorzata Pyda, Magdalena Janus, Hermann Koerperich, Misagh Piran
Summary: Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) refers to the excessive trabeculation and formation of a deep recess filled with blood in the left ventricle. Due to the lack of a standardized definition and criteria, it is difficult to accurately estimate the incidence of the disease, and overdiagnosis is a common issue. Non-compacted myocardium can be a disease representation, a variant of normal, or an adaptive phenomenon. This article covers different approaches to the incidence, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of LVNC, as well as recommendations for patient follow-up.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Todd E. Golde
Summary: Scientific advances have brought optimism to the field of Alzheimer's disease, but the disease is still largely untreatable. The article reviews the major therapeutic approaches and open questions, and discusses the need to adjust our approach to ensure future success.
Article
Biology
Amy Streets, Hayley England, Justin Marshall
Summary: Stomatopod crustaceans, or mantis shrimps, have a wide range of spectral sensitivity but poor spectral discrimination. They may utilize a different method of color processing, interpreting color as a parallel pattern of photoreceptor activation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Susan D. Phillips
Summary: The review by Fouad et al. (2023) critically examines the literature on women and career development. In this reaction paper, I discuss three key questions raised: Why haven't we achieved our goals yet? What has the past quarter-century of research contributed to our understanding? What further knowledge do we still need?
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Izza Shahid, Stephen J. Greene, Robert J. Mentz, Adam D. DeVore, Javed Butler
Summary: Heart failure is a complex syndrome with high mortality and morbidity. Current therapeutic strategies for heart failure target multiple pathways and intermediate phenotypes to improve patient outcomes. Despite scientific breakthroughs, questions remain regarding ideal therapeutic targets and their mode of action.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Daniel Wilde, Hannah Lily, Neil Craik, Anindita Chakraborty
Summary: The development of rules for equitable sharing of economic benefits from deep-sea mining activities by the International Seabed Authority is crucial for ensuring the benefits are enjoyed by all of humanity and protecting the interests of developing countries. This paper examines proposals made at the ISA and suggests the establishment of a 'Seabed Sustainability Fund' to pool mining revenue, but raises concerns about its narrow focus and timing. It also critically analyzes the proposed governance of the fund and emphasizes the importance of a transparent and consultative decision-making process for equitable benefit-sharing arrangements.
