Review
Oncology
Emma N. Rizen, Alexandria T. Phan
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings and updates in the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), highlighting the improvement in NENs classification and the expansion of epidemiological understanding through global collaborations and tumor registries. The review also discusses the evolving utility of some NET biomarkers, the increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of tumorigenesis, and the multiple drug approvals for the treatment of advanced NENs. The authors emphasize the importance of further understanding molecular drivers and the role of immunotherapy in transforming care for all NENs patients.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Daisuke Takayanagi, Hourin Cho, Erika Machida, Atsushi Kawamura, Atsuo Takashima, Satoshi Wada, Takuya Tsunoda, Takashi Kohno, Kouya Shiraishi
Summary: This review provides updates on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. The incidence of these malignancies originating from the pancreatic and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cell system has been increasing. Advances in molecular diagnosis, treatment strategies, and liquid biopsy have contributed to personalized management for patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Opalinska, Anna Sowa-Staszczak, Helena Olearska, Magdalena Ulatowska-Bialas, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Summary: Ovarian neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms that most commonly occur within mature cystic teratomas, with a minority presenting as monodermal teratomas (strumal carcinoid). The prognosis for patients with ovarian neuroendocrine tumors is good, with surgical intervention proving to be an effective treatment method.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Yuki Fujii, Ching-Wei Tzeng, Yi-Ju Chiang, Daniel M. Halperin, Arvind Dasari, Michael P. Kim, Matthew H. G. Katz, Jeffrey E. Lee, Naruhiko Ikoma
Summary: The study found that the presence of regional LN metastases and the extent of surgery did not affect overall survival among patients with D-NETs. Radical resection to clear occult LN metastases for nonfunctioning, sporadic D-NETs was not supported by the current study.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tomonobu Koizumi, Kengo Otsuki, Yuriko Tanaka, Shintaro Kanda
Summary: This study examined the epidemiological information of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Japanese population, and found that the distribution and treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas and tumors varied in different organs.
BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyung Kyu Park, Ghee Young Kwon
Summary: This study compared the metastatic patterns of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (non-NENs), and found significant differences between NETs/NECs and non-NENs. The key factor causing these differences may be associated with the multigene program of neuroendocrine differentiation.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Shekhar Gogna, David Samson, Mahir Gachabayov, Aram Rojas, Daniel Moritz Felsenreich, Donna Koo, Katie Gu, Luis Quintero, Kendall Ryan Miller, Asad Azim, Xiang Da (Eric) Dong
Summary: Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare histopathological variant of gallbladder cancer with increasing incidence in the USA. Surgical resection significantly impacts patient survival, regardless of tumor staging. Advanced age, tumor extension, and histopathological grade of the tumor are associated with higher mortality.
LANGENBECKS ARCHIVES OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mathilde Prieto, Guillaume Chassagnon, Audrey Lupo, Marie-Christine Charpentier, Eglantine Cabanne, Lionel Groussin, Marie Wislez, Marco Alifano, Ludovic Fournel
Summary: DIPNECH-associated carcinoid tumors exhibit negative pathological features and may require specialized perioperative management. Patients with DIPNECH are older, more frequently female, and more likely to have comorbidities such as diabetes or hypertension. Atypical histology and mediastinal lymph nodes involvement are independent factors of pN2 invasion in DIPNECH patients.
Review
Oncology
M. S. D. Engel, R. J. L. van der Lans, J. C. Jansen, C. R. Leemans, E. Bloemena, B. I. Lissenberg-Witte, J. A. Rijken, C. F. Smit, E. F. Hensen
Summary: MEANTs are rare and unpredictable middle ear tumors, with some having locally invasive and metastatic disease. Treatment mainly consists of surgery, with initial local tumor control being crucial.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Malgorzata Panek, Marek Szymczak, Maria Stepaniuk, Wojciech Gorecki, Aleksandra Gawlowska-Marciniak, Przemyslaw Wolak, Dariusz Zbyrad, Marek Rybkiewicz, Kamila Chrobak, Ryszard Noparlik, Jerzy Niedzielski, Przemyslaw Janik, Jan Nowak, Witold Miaskiewicz, Andrzej Kaminski, Wojciech Fischer, Bozena Dembowska-Baginska, Piotr Kalicinski
Summary: This study examined the management of pediatric ANET in Poland and found that using ENETS guidelines resulted in a 100% overall survival rate for patients with NET. The majority of patients were diagnosed with well-differentiated NET G1/G2, and only a small percentage experienced recurrence after secondary surgery.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Rik J. L. van der Lans, Michelle S. D. Engel, Johannes A. Rijken, Erik F. Hensen, Elisabeth Bloemena, Marein van der Torn, Charles R. Leemans, Conrad F. G. M. Smit
Summary: Middle ear adenomatous neuroendocrine tumors (MEANTs) are rare temporal bone tumors with uncertain clinical behavior and prognosis. Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment, but recurrence rates are high, and there are currently no effective prognostic biomarkers.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yi-Wei Li, Yi-Ping He, Fang-Qi Liu, Jun-Jie Peng, San-Jun Cai, Ye Xu, Ming-He Wang
Summary: This study compared the clinicopathologic features of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with G1 and G2 grades. The results showed that G2 tumors were larger and more invasive than G1 tumors, with a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Otorhinolaryngology
Katerina Marini, Konstantinos Garefis, James Philip Skliris, Astreinidou Anna, Jiannis Hajiioannou, Vasiliki Florou
Summary: MEANT is a rare type of middle ear tumor, difficult to diagnose, but complete surgical resection is the definitive treatment.
ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jennifer H. Foster, Andrew Sher, Victor Seghers, Jay Poston, Donald Wells, Ebrahim S. Delpassand, Samara Potter, Priya Mahajan, Rajkumar Venkatramani
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas and midgut are rare in children, with poor survival in those presenting with metastatic disease. Recent trials in adults have shown that Lu-177-DOTATATE treatment for NETs has a high disease control rate.
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yuki Shimizu, Shintaro Kanda, Toshirou Fukushima, Takashi Kobayashi, Ryoichi Kondo, Tomonobu Koizumi
Summary: This case report describes a CA19-9-producing mediastinal neuroendocrine tumor. The patient developed mediastinal lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastases after surgery, with CA19-9 levels paralleling the clinical courses of relapse. This is the first report of CA19-9-producing thymic NET.
Article
Oncology
Isacco Montroni, Siri Rostoft, Antonino Spinelli, Barbara L. Van Leeuwen, Giorgio Ercolani, Nicole M. Saur, Michael T. Jaklitsch, Ponnandai S. Somasundar, Nicola de Liguori Carino, Federico Ghignone, Flavia Foca, Chiara Zingaretti, Riccardo A. Audisio, Giampaolo Ugolini, Anna Garutti, Giovanni Taffurelli, Davide Zattoni, Paola Tramelli, Giacomo Sermonesi, Francesca Di Candido, Michele Carvello, Matteo Sacchi, Francesca De Lucia, Caterina Foppa, Matthijs Plas, Hanneke Van der Wal-Huisman, Francesca Tauceri, Barbara Perenze, Daniela Di Pietrantonio, Mariateresa Mirarchi, Michael Fejka, Joshua I. S. Bleier, Laura Frain, Sam W. Fox, Kristin Cardin, Luis E. De Leon, Minas Baltatzis, Anthony K. C. Chan, Ajith K. Siriwardena, Bernadette Vertogen, Oriana Nanni, Gianluca Garulli, Vincenzo Alagna, Basilio Pirrera, Andrea Lucchi, Francesco Monari, Luigi Conti, Patrizio Capelli, Andrea Romboli, Gerardo Palmieri, Filippo Banchini, Luigi Marano, Alessandro Spaziani, Giampaolo Castagnoli, Alberto Bartoli, Mario Trompetto, Gaetano Gallo, Alberto Realis Luc, Giuseppe Clerico, Giuseppe Sammarco, Raffaele De Luca, Graziana Barile, Michele Simone, Andrea Costanzi, Giulio Mari, Dario Maggioni, Roberta Pellegrino, Valentina Riggio, Jakub Kenig, Kinga Szabat, Stefano Scabini, Davide Pertile, Emanuela Stratta, Andrea Massobrio, Domenico Soriero, Arild Nesbakken, Mariann Lonn, Ingeborg Flaten Backe, Giovanni Ferrari, Michele Mazzola, Bruno D. A. Alampi, Pietro Achilli, Stefano Sfondrini, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, Gianluca Pellino, Genoveffa Balducci, Barbara Frezza, Alessio Lucarini, Claudia Santos, Lisa Cooper, Baha Siam, Yochai Levy, Baruch Brenner, Hanoch Kashtan, Valerio Belgrano, Franco De Cian, Beatrice Palermo, Roberto Eggenhoffner, Manuela Albertelli, Luis Sanchez-Guillen, Antonio Arroyo, Francisco Lopez-Rodriguez, Sandra Lario, Cristina Lillo, Steven D. Wexner
JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC ONCOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Helge L. Waldum
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helge Waldum, Patricia G. Mjones
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Magnus Kjellman, Ulrich Knigge, Staffan Welin, Espen Thiis-Evensen, Henning Gronbaek, Camilla Schalin-Jantti, Halfdan Sorbye, Maiken Thyregod Joergensen, Viktor Johanson, Saara Metso, Helge Waldum, Jon Arne Soreide, Tapani Ebeling, Fredrik Lindberg, Kalle Landerholm, Goran Wallin, Farhad Salem, Maria del Pilar Schneider, Roger Belusa
Summary: The study investigates a plasma protein multi-biomarker strategy for improving diagnostic accuracy in patients with SI-NETs, especially in those with normal CgA levels. The results indicate the potential utility of this multi-biomarker strategy for early detection of SI-NETs and potentially detecting recurrence after radical primary resection.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Helge L. Waldum
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Eivind Ness-Jensen, Erling Audun Bringeland, Fredrik Mattsson, Patricia Mjones, Jesper Lagergren, Jon Erik Gronbech, Helge Lyder Waldum, Reidar Fossmark
Summary: The study conducted in Norway revealed that hypergastrinemia is associated with an increased risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma, especially in the proximal stomach and intestinal histological type. However, there was no significant association found for gastric adenocarcinoma with distal location and diffuse histological type.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Holmfridur Helgadottir, Sigrun H. Lund, Sveinbjorn Gizurarson, Helge Waldum, Einar S. Bjornsson
Summary: In healthy volunteers, serum gastrin levels significantly increased after four-day PPI therapy, along with a significant rise in serum esomeprazole concentration. There were no significant sex-related differences in terms of pharmacokinetic parameters, and no significant correlation was found between the AUC and gastrin levels on day 5.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helge Waldum, Reidar Fossmark
Summary: Despite a decrease in prevalence over the past few decades, gastric cancer remains a significant global cause of death, with Helicobacter pylori infection reduction being a key factor. The carcinogenic effects of H. pylori are likely due to hypergastrinemia and autoimmune gastritis, while long-term use of proton pump inhibitors may also predispose individuals to ECL cell neoplasia. Additionally, gastric polyps, although generally low in malignant potential, can still pose a cancer risk and share some common risk factors and mechanisms with gastric cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Helge Waldum
Summary: The rational treatment of diseases, especially cancers, relies on understanding their causes and development processes. The classification of tumors should consider both organ and cell of origin. Hormones and the ability of cells to divide play crucial roles in cancer development.
Article
Oncology
Anthony K. C. Chan, James M. Mason, Minas Baltatzis, Ajith K. Siriwardena
Summary: The study recruited 125 patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases, showing equivalent perioperative complications and healthcare occupancy outcomes between patients completing staged and synchronous pathways. Future research should focus on optimizing pathway selection criteria, integrating cancer genomics data, and considering patient preferences.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helge Waldum, Patricia Mjones
Summary: Malignant tumors are traditionally classified based on organ of origin and whether they are carcinomas or sarcomas. However, heterogeneity exists among tumors of the same organ, with different subtypes often reflecting different cell origins. Any type of dividing cell has the potential to develop into a tumor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Anthony KC. Chan, Agnieszka M. Ignatowicz, James M. Mason, Ajith K. Siriwardena
Summary: This qualitative study explores the experiences and views of patients and clinicians in the management of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases. The study reveals that patients value their first consultation and perceive a sufficient level of autonomy in decision making. Patients generally prefer synchronous surgery but understand the associated risks. Clinicians acknowledge limited evidence for decision making and consider trials of treatment sequencing unfeasible.
Article
Oncology
Isacco Montroni, Giampaolo Ugolini, Nicole M. Saur, Siri Rostoft, Antonino Spinelli, Barbara L. van Leeuwen, Nicola De Liguori Carino, Federico Ghignone, Michael T. Jaklitsch, Ponnandai Somasundar, Anna Garutti, Chiara Zingaretti, Flavia Foca, Bernadette Vertogen, Oriana Nanni MStat, Steven D. Wexner, Riccardo A. Audisio
Summary: This study compares the quality of life (QoL) before and after cancer surgery in older patients and finds that preoperative QoL remains relatively stable after surgery for three months, independent of age. Improvement is observed in areas such as pain and anxiety or depression. Frailty screening tools, patient-reported outcomes, and discussions on goals of care can help guide surgical decisions and manage patient expectations.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Surgery
A. Chan, P. Stathakis, P. Goldsmith, S. Smith, C. Macutkiewicz
Summary: This study investigates the utilization of emergency general surgery (EGS) services during the UK lockdown period. The results show that there was a significantly lower proportion of BAME patients admitted during the COVID-19 period, and patients had longer duration of symptoms and higher incidence of acute kidney injury. Although there were more readmissions following conservative management, the reconfigured senior-led EGS model was successful in terms of outcomes in a more unwell population.
ANNALS OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Anthony Chan, James Mason, Ajith Siriwardena
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)