Article
Oncology
S. Rothschild, R. Nachbur, N. Herzog, J. R. Passweg, M. Pless
Summary: The study found that nearly 40% of NSCLC patients are primary refractory to first-line palliative chemotherapy, with a poor prognosis. Active second-line therapy can significantly improve outcomes, and thus should be offered to patients with primary refractory NSCLC.
Review
Oncology
Hekai Shi, Nuojin Guo, Zeming Zhao, Ligang Liu, Tianyi Ni, Jinye Zhang, Yingjie Lu
Summary: This study aimed to determine the best second-line treatment for patients with small-cell lung cancer sensitive to previous platinum-based chemotherapy. Through systematic screening of randomized controlled trials, triple chemotherapy containing platinum (TP) showed favorable objective response rate and progression-free survival, but it was associated with hematological complications. For patients unable to tolerate TP, amrubicin was an alternative treatment option with good objective response rate and progression-free survival and fewer hematological complications.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Jon Zugazagoitia, Luis Paz-Ares
Summary: Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer is a challenging disease to treat, and despite improvements in first-line therapy, resistance remains a significant issue. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of SCLC holds potential for molecularly informed therapeutic strategies for patients with SCLC.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John V. Heymach, David Harpole, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Janis M. Taube, Gabriella Galffy, Maximilian Hochmair, Thomas Winder, Ruslan Zukov, Gabriel Garbaos, Shugeng Gao, Hiroaki Kuroda, Gyula Ostoros, Tho V. Tran, Jian You, Kang-Yun Lee, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Zsolt Papai-Szekely, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Bivas Biswas, Alexander Spira, Jeffrey Crawford, Ha T. Le, Mike Aperghis, Gary J. Doherty, Helen Mann, Tamer M. Fouad, Martin Reck, AEGEAN Invest
Summary: In resectable non-small-cell lung cancer patients, perioperative durvalumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed significantly improved event-free survival and pathological complete response compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, with a similar safety profile.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Martin Reck, Jordi Remon, Matthew D. Hellmann
Summary: The past decade has seen significant progress in the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, with the development of specific antibodies leading to improved survival for many patients. Currently, nearly all mNSCLC patients receive PD-1 or PD-L1 therapy in the first-line setting, except those with targetable oncogenes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
D. R. Spigel, D. Vicente, T. E. Ciuleanu, S. Gettinger, S. Peters, L. Horn, C. Audigier-Valette, N. Pardo Aranda, O. Juan-Vidal, Y. Cheng, H. Zhang, M. Shi, A. Luft, J. Wolf, S. Antonia, K. Nakagawa, J. Fairchild, C. Baudelet, D. Pandya, P. Doshi, H. Chang, M. Reck
Summary: Nivolumab did not show survival benefit compared to chemotherapy in relapsed SCLC, but there is a potential survival benefit in certain baseline characteristics.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Dongna Chen, Lin Li, Mingzhao Wang, Xingsheng Hu, Jun Jiang, Weihua Li, Lin Yang, Meng Fan, Yuankai Shi, Fang Lv, Yutao Liu
Summary: This study retrospectively collected clinical data from patients with metastatic NSCLC who received immunotherapy plus single-agent chemotherapy as a second- or later-line treatment. The results showed that this treatment regimen is safe, effective, and tolerable for metastatic NSCLC, and EV markers can be used as predictive markers of treatment efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anning Xiong, Jianlin Xu, Shuyuan Wang, Runbo Zhong, Jun Lu, Tianqing Chu, Wei Zhang, Ying Li, Xiaoxuan Zheng, Baohui Han, Wei Nie, Hua Zhong, Xueyan Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of continuous assessment of lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) for the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. The results showed that continuous assessment of LIPI might be an effective method for predicting the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qi Li, Li Li, Yuchao Wang, Chunhua Xu, Jue Zou
Summary: This study examined the role of pretreatment albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) in the prognosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The results suggest that AFR could be an effective predictor of survival in patients with SCLC.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Salvatore Grisanti, Deborah Cosentini, Marta Lagana, Alessandra Morandi, Barbara Lazzari, Laura Ferrari, Alberto Dalla Volta, Roberta Ambrosini, Vittorio Domenico Ferrari, Sandra Sigala, Alfredo Berruti
Summary: The Gem/Cape chemotherapy regimen shows modest activity in heavily pretreated patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ECOG performance status are helpful in identifying patients who are unlikely to benefit significantly from this treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Yuan Hao, Andrew Chow, Yingqian A. Zhan, Shweta S. Chavan, Fathema Uddin, Viola Allaj, Parvathy Manoj, Nisargbhai S. Shah, Joseph M. Chan, Michael Offin, Metamia Ciampricotti, Jordana Ray-Kirton, Jacklynn Egger, Umesh Bhanot, Irina Linkov, Marina Asher, Michael H. Roehrl, Juan Qiu, Elisa de Stanchina, Travis J. Hollmann, Richard P. Koche, Triparna Sen, John T. Poirier, Charles M. Rudin
Summary: This study identified XPO1 as a therapeutic target in SCLC through CRISPR-Cas9 screening, and found that inhibition of XPO1 enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy. This discovery provides a new opportunity for the treatment of SCLC.
Article
Oncology
Luis Paz-Ares, David R. Spigel, Yuanbin Chen, Maria Jove, Oscar Juan-Vidal, Patricia Rich, Theresa Hayes, Vanesa Gutierrez Calderon, Reyes Bernabe Caro, Alejandro Navarro, Afshin Dowlati, Bin Zhang, Yan Moore, Xiaopan Yao, Jaba Kokhreidze, Santiago Ponce, Paul A. Bunn
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of liposomal irinotecan monotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. Among the 25 patients included in the study, 10 experienced severe adverse events, with diarrhea and neutropenia being the most common side effects. The objective response rate was 44%, and the average survival and time to disease progression were 8.08 and 3.98 months, respectively.
Article
Oncology
Satoshi Igawa, Masanori Yokoba, Akira Takakura, Shinji Hosotani, Yoshiro Nakahara, Takashi Sato, Hisashi Mitsufuji, Jiichiro Sasaki, Katsuhiko Naoki
Summary: The study retrospectively analyzed medical records of NSCLC patients with preexisting ILD who received second-line chemotherapy, finding a positive impact on their overall survival. Although acute exacerbation of ILD related to second-line chemotherapy was observed, no treatment-related fatalities occurred.
INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Silvia Buratti, Emanuele Giacheri, Antonella Palmieri, Jessica Tibaldi, Giacomo Brisca, Antonella Riva, Pasquale Striano, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Lino Nobili, Andrea Moscatelli
Summary: Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency in children with no definitive evidence for the treatment of refractory SE. Protocols differ among institutions, but valproate, phenytoin, and levetiracetam are frequently used as second-line treatment. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has shown potential as an advanced second-line agent for the treatment of SE. Future research should focus on the role of ketamine as second-line medication in SE pharmacotherapy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heather Wakelee, Moishe Liberman, Terufumi Kato, Masahiro Tsuboi, Se-Hoon Lee, Shugeng Gao, Ke-Neng Chen, Christophe Dooms, Margarita Majem, Ekkehard Eigendorff, Gaston L. Martinengo, Olivier Bylicki, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Jamie E. E. Chaft, Silvia Novello, Jing Yang, Steven M. M. Keller, Ayman Samkari, Jonathan D. D. Spicer
Summary: Among patients with resectable early-stage NSCLC, perioperative pembrolizumab improved event-free survival, major pathological response, and pathological complete response. The addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery showed significant benefits compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone followed by surgery.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)