Zein nanoparticles for oral folic acid delivery

The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate the capability of zein nanoparticles for oral drug delivery. More particularly, in this work, the ability of these nanoparticles to improve the oral bioavailability of folic acid is reported. The nanoparticles were prepared by a desolvation process, followed by purification via ultrafiltration and drying in a spray-drier apparatus. The resulting nanoparticles displayed a mean size close to 200 nm with negative zeta potential and a payload of 54 mu g folic acid per mg nanoparticle. From the in vitro release studies, it was observed that folic acid was only released from nanoparticles in simulated intestinal conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies, with radiolabelled or fluorescently marked nanoparticles, revealed that nanoparticles remained within the gut and were capable of interacting with the protective mucus layer of the jejunum. For the pharmacokinetic study, folic acid was orally administered to rats as a single dose of 1 mg/kg. The relatively oral bioavailability of folic acid, when encapsulated in zein nanoparticles, was around 70%: two-times higher than the value obtained with an aqueous solution of the vitamin. This fact might be explained by the mucoadhesive properties of these nanoparticles. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.