Review
Veterinary Sciences
Elizabeth Salinas-Estrella, Itzel Amaro-Estrada, Mayra E. Cobaxin-Cardenas, Jesus F. Preciado de la Torre, Sergio D. Rodriguez
Summary: This article reviews the elements of the immune response in cattle, discusses vaccine candidates for controlling bovine anaplasmosis, and examines how the diversity of the pathogen has hindered disease control efforts.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ivan Alejandro Pulido Tarquino, Emilie Venables, Raja Reis Simone, Jose M. de Amaral Fidelis, Tom Decroo
Summary: The study found that changes in life circumstances and relationships of CAG members have impacted the CAG dynamic, leading to some groups ceasing to function due to conflicts or changes in meeting frequency. Health-care providers were reported to push for people living with HIV to join CAGs rather than allowing voluntary participation. Flexibility and feedback mechanisms between CAG members and health-care providers are needed to adapt to inevitable changes in life circumstances.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amanda Rodrigues, Claudio J. Struchiner, Lara E. Coelho, Valdilea G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Paula M. Luz
Summary: A study conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found that individuals with lower educational levels are more likely to initiate HIV treatment late or with advanced disease, even in a setting with universal access to care and treatment.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ragavi Jeyakumar, Bindu Patel, Julieann Coombes, Ty Madden, Rohina Joshi
Summary: This study aimed to explore the current functioning and sustainability of Aboriginal Health Workers (AHWs) in NSW primary health care. The study found that there are five key categories of change required to ensure AHW sustainability: community connection, recognition, value, support, and an inclusive health system. These categories are influenced by factors at both the service and system levels.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jessie K. Edwards, Stephen R. Cole, Tiffany L. Breger, Lindsey M. Filiatreau, Lauren Zalla, Grace E. Mulholland, Michael A. Horberg, Michael J. Silverberg, M. John Gill, Peter F. Rebeiro, Jennifer E. Thorne, Parastu Kasaie, Vincent C. Marconi, Timothy R. Sterling, Keri N. Althoff, Richard D. Moore, Joseph J. Eron
Summary: The study found that even after entering HIV care, the 5-year mortality rate among HIV-infected individuals remains higher than the general US population. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy may slightly reduce mortality rates for HIV-infected individuals, but does not eliminate the gap between HIV-infected individuals and the general population.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Roberto Zefferino, Massimo Conese
Summary: This article discusses the possibility of a vaccine against cancer and proposes a new approach of developing a vaccine that targets metastasis. The author emphasizes that the field has not been thoroughly studied and highlights the complexity of metastatic processes. By considering the interactions of different mechanisms and cells at the primary site and pre-metastatic niche, potential targets for a metastasis-targeting vaccine are proposed. The conclusion is that a change in the current concept of a cancer vaccine is needed, and efforts should be redirected towards developing a vaccine that specifically targets metastasis, in the hope of eradicating cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bibhu Thapaliya, Samata Kumari Yadav, Sanju Bhattarai, Santosh Giri, Suprich Sapkota, Abriti Arjyal, Helen Harris-Fry, Naomi Saville, Sara Hillman, Sushil Baral, Joanna Morrison
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted antenatal care in Kapilvastu district, Nepal. Health workers faced challenges of providing care without sufficient protective equipment and guidance, and stigmatization hindered outreach services. Pregnant women were afraid or unable to access healthcare due to COVID-19 control measures. Limited access to phones and the requirement of at least one in-person antenatal care visit hindered communication with pregnant and postpartum women. Strengthening procurement and coordination between government levels, along with community engagement, is crucial for adequate antenatal supplies and ensuring awareness and destigmatization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Njambi Njuguna, Nelly Mugo, Omu Anzala, Marianne Mureithi, Elizabeth Irungu, Joyce Wamicwe, Jared M. Baeten, Renee Heffron
Summary: A risk scoring tool was developed using data from KenyaEMR to identify individuals likely to have unsuppressed viral load 18 months post-ART initiation. The tool could improve efficiency in differentiated care models.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colleen Blue, Mara Buchbinder, Mersedes E. Brown, Steve Bradley-Bull, David L. Rosen
Summary: Most PLWH in jail receive HIV medication and see providers, but limited resources and policies pose challenges in accessing medications. Jail leadership should review internal policies and external resources are needed to ensure timely access to HIV medications for incarcerated PLWH.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Levicatus Mugenyi, Christian H. H. Hansen, Philippe Mayaud, Janet Seeley, Robert Newton, Mastula Nanfuka, Andrew Abaasa, Kenneth Mugisha, Michael Etukoit, Pontiano Kaleebu, Eugene Ruzagira
Summary: We analyzed the effect of Universal Test and Treat (UTT) policy in Uganda on characteristics of people living with HIV (PLHIV) at enrolment in HIV care and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The UTT policy increased the proportion of male, younger and older PLHIV enrolling in care and initiating ART. It also reduced the time to ART initiation and increased the median CD4 count at ART initiation. Compared to the pre-UTT cohort, more PLHIV in the UTT cohort had higher CD4 counts and less advanced disease at ART initiation.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ernestine Atangana
Summary: The poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are in a worse predicament than their counterparts in other regions. Unemployment is a major contributor to poverty in the region, while education plays a less important role in poverty reduction. The study found that increased GDP does not necessarily correspond to poverty reduction.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marcia R. Weaver, Vishnu Nandakumar, Jonah Joffe, Ryan M. Barber, Nancy Fullman, Arjun Singh, Gianna W. Sparks, Jamal Yearwood, Rafael Lozano, Christopher J. L. Murray, Diana Ngo
Summary: The US healthcare system did not perform as well as other high-income countries according to mortality estimates for 32 causes of death. Insurance coverage was associated with higher Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) scores for some age groups within the US. Further research is needed for causal models and additional explanations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katy Pepper
Summary: Initiatives to support HIV treatment adherence in South Africa often overlook key challenges such as stigma and poverty. However, this study demonstrates the strength of an inclusive research and program approach that addresses these barriers. Through a participatory action research and the use of Photovoice, postpartum women shared their experiences of taking ARVs. By collaborating with a non-governmental organization, the findings were disseminated and used to create a community-led program that addresses the barriers of stigma and poverty. This inclusive approach aims to improve the lives of people living with HIV and their medication adherence.
Article
Ethics
Bouke de Vries
Summary: Many countries are struggling to provide adequate care for their older populations. To address this, some propose a legislation requiring citizens to spend one year providing dependency care, called universal care conscription. This contribution aims to support and defend this proposal against alternative solutions, highlighting its benefits in an age of polarization.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Neil Martinson, Bareng A. S. Nonyane, Leisha Genade, Rebecca Berhanu, Pren Naidoo, Zameer Brey, Anthony Kinghorn, Sipho Nyathi, Katherine Young, Harry Hausler, Lucy H. Connell, Keeren Lutchminarain, Khine Swe Swe-Han, Helena Vreede, Mohamed Said, Nina von Knorring, Lawrence Moulton, Limakatso Lebina
Summary: The implementation of targeted universal testing for tuberculosis in high-risk groups identified more TB patients than the current standard of care and can help reduce undiagnosed TB patients in settings with high TB prevalence.