Article
Fisheries
C. Klykken, A. K. Reed, A. S. Dalum, R. E. Olsen, M. K. Moe, K. J. K. Attramadal, L. Boissonnot
Summary: There is a growing concern for fish health and welfare in the salmon industry in Norway. The study found that nephrocalcinosis, characterized by mineral deposits in the kidneys, is common and varies in severity among Atlantic salmon. Most fish had mild forms of nephrocalcinosis with minimal tissue damage, while severely affected fish showed almost complete loss of kidney structure. Mineral deposits mainly consisted of amorphous carbonate apatite, and fish with nephrocalcinosis also exhibited imbalances in plasma chemistry, indicating disturbed osmoregulation and increased stress levels.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Callum Howard, John F. Taylor, Herve Migaud, Alejandro P. Gutierrez, Michael Bekaert
Summary: Diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon have physiological differences, but no significant difference was found in their rate of embryogenesis. However, triploids hatch more quickly and have a higher rate of mortality.
Article
Fisheries
Morten Omholt Alver, Martin Fore, Jo Arve Alfredsen
Summary: The research team developed a mathematical model based on the advection-diffusion equation to predict dissolved oxygen levels in fish sea cages. The model was tested in a large production unit and performed well, but may require more detailed information on fish behavior and current conditions within the cages to improve accuracy.
Article
Fisheries
Emile Vadboncoeur, Charlotte Nelson, Kathy A. Clow, Rebeccah M. Sandrelli, Colin J. Brauner, Andrew K. Swanson, A. Kurt Gamperl
Summary: With climate change, winter storms are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity, leading to rapid declines in water temperatures at sea-cages. In this study, Atlantic salmon were acclimated to 3 degrees C and exposed to a 'cold shock' of 0 degrees C for either 4 or 24 hours. A moderate stress response was observed, but there were no mortalities within 120 hours of the 'cold shock', suggesting that rapid declines in seawater temperature alone are unlikely to be the cause of winter-related mortalities at salmon cage-sites in Iceland and Canada.
Article
Environmental Sciences
P. A. Tang, N. Gharbi, T. O. Nilsen, M. Gorissen, S. O. Stefansson, L. O. E. Ebbesson
Summary: The successful transfer of farmed post-smolt Atlantic salmon depends on stress responses and cognitive functions, which may be challenged by increasing oceanic temperatures. This study examined the effects of transferring fish to different temperatures on stress responses and cognitive gene expression. The results showed that lower temperatures maintained normal stress responses, while higher temperatures inhibited stress responses and cognitive functions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Carolyn M. Rosten, John Reidar Mathiassen, Zsolt Volent
Summary: Continuous data on fish condition is crucial for real-time monitoring and management in fish farms, but obtaining it from a large net-pen environment is challenging. This study explores the potential of passive acoustic monitoring in aquaculture by investigating the influence of Atlantic salmon on the soundscape of a net-pen. The results show that Atlantic salmon alter the acoustic environment and that the acoustic fingerprint of the net-pen varies over time, reflecting the feeding status of the fish. These findings demonstrate the potential for passive acoustic monitoring in fish farms and its significance for data-driven management in aquaculture.
Article
Fisheries
Fredrik R. Staven, Jarle T. Nordeide, Manuel Gesto, Per Andersen, Deepti M. Patel, Torstein Kristensen
Summary: The study investigated how naive lumpfish responded to different heterospecific cues and found that lumpfish could discriminate salmon cues, with olfaction inducing the strongest behavioral and physiological responses. Additionally, deploying naive juvenile lumpfish with small Atlantic salmon can lead to mild stress responses.
Article
Immunology
Juan Pablo Pontigo, Carla Espinoza, Mauricio Hernandez, Guillermo Nourdin, Cristian Oliver, Ruben Avendano-Herrera, Jaime Figueroa, Cecilia Rauch, Jose M. Troncoso, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Alejandro J. Yanez
Summary: Developing an effective and economical vaccine against Piscirickettsia salmonis is crucial for sustainable salmon farming. One vaccine prototype effectively protected Atlantic salmon by inducing specific antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the other two activated innate immune responses but did not provide protection. Understanding the protein formulation of vaccines based on P. salmonis is essential for improving immune responses and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Haitham Tartor, Marius Karlsen, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Aderito Luis Monjane, Charles McLean Press, Christer Wiik-Nielsen, Rolf Hetlelid Olsen, Lisa Marie Leknes, Karine Yttredal, Bjorn Erik Brudeseth, Soren Grove
Summary: This study examined the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon. The results showed that the vaccine can provide protection against salmon lice infestation, and the level of protection is dose-dependent. The study also found that the vaccine can trigger a specific immune response in vaccinated fish and result in the production of specific antibodies. These findings suggest the potential of using the parasite's feeding behavior to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins.
Article
Neurosciences
Francesca Vacca, Ana S. Gomes, Koji Murashita, Raffella Cinquetti, Cristina Roseti, Amilcare Barca, Ivar Ronnestad, Tiziano Verri, Elena Bossi
Summary: Two slc15a2-type genes were identified in the Atlantic salmon genome, encoding PepT2-type peptide transporters. While slc15a2a transcripts are widely distributed in fish tissues, abundant in the brain and gills, slc15a2b transcripts are mainly expressed in the kidney and distal gastrointestinal tract. Both PepT2a and PepT2b function as high-affinity transporters.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tormod Haraldstad, Thrond O. Haugen, Esben M. Olsen, Torbjorn Forseth, Erik Hoglund
Summary: Renewable energy projects like hydropower plants contribute to meeting energy demands and mitigating climate change, but they can alter environments and impact fish migration conditions, affecting population adaptations. Monitoring Atlantic salmon smolts at a hydropower plant showed that behavioral traits influenced their choice between fish passage and turbine intake during migration, with potential implications for genetic diversity and future challenges.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
P. A. Tang, S. O. Stefansson, T. O. Nilsen, N. Gharbi, F. Lai, V Tronci, P. Balseiro, M. Gorissen, L. O. E. Ebbesson
Summary: The neural adaptions of post-smolt Atlantic salmon to cold water temperatures impact their stress resilience. Abruptly transferring post-smolt to lower temperatures resulted in altered telencephalic functions and reduced stress response capacities. However, after acclimation and prolonged exposure to lower temperatures, some level of stress resilience is still maintained.
Article
Fisheries
Emile Vadboncoeur, Charlotte Nelson, Jennifer R. Hall, Kathy A. Clow, Rebeccah M. Sandrelli, Colin J. Brauner, Andrew K. Swanson, A. Kurt Gamperl
Summary: Atlantic salmon reared in sea-cages in cold temperatures experience decreased growth performance, osmoregulatory disturbance, liver dysfunction, stress, opportunistic infections, and increased mortality. In this laboratory experiment, Atlantic salmon post-smolts were exposed to a gradual decline in temperature, resulting in reduced growth and appetite, disruption of osmoregulation, increased expression of stress-related genes, and symptoms of liver dysfunction. At the lowest temperature, mortalities were observed, often associated with snout ulceration/erosion and fin rot.
Article
Biology
Eric H. Ignatz, Fabio S. Zanuzzo, Rebeccah M. Sandrelli, Kathy A. Clow, Matthew L. Rise, A. Kurt Gamperl
Summary: The study concluded that the stress response characteristics of Atlantic salmon at low temperatures do not accurately predict their survival and stress response at high temperatures. Interestingly, the salmon showed increased feed intake at temperatures up to 22 degrees C, contrary to previous findings. The results also suggest that the thermal tolerance of this population of salmon is high, questioning the relevance of CTMax in real-world temperature changes.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Danixa Martinez, Ricardo Oyarzun-Salazar, Ana Maria Quilapi, Jose Coronado, Ricardo Enriquez, Carolina Vargas-Lagos, Cristian Oliver, Natacha Santibanez, Marcos Godoy, Jose Luis Munoz, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Alex Romero
Summary: This study evaluated the activation of nutritional immunity in Atlantic salmon stimulated with live and inactivated Piscirickettsia salmonis. The results showed that both live and inactivated P. salmonis could activate nutritional immunity, and there was no distinction between the two. Genetic material of P. salmonis was detected in the liver tissue of the fish. The hematocrit percentage decreased in fish stimulated with live P. salmonis, while it remained unchanged in fish stimulated with inactivated P. salmonis. Plasma iron content decreased in both experimental groups, but the decrease was statistically significant only at 3 dpi. Immune-nutritional markers were modulated in both experimental conditions, while other markers were down-regulated. Intracellular iron content increased in the liver at 7 and 14 dpi, while zinc content decreased at 14 dpi in both experimental groups. However, manganese content was not altered by the stimulation. These findings suggest that nutritional immunity responds similarly to live and inactivated P. salmonis, and may be self-activated by the detection of PAMPs rather than a sequestration and/or competition of micronutrients by the living microorganism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Odd Terje Sandlund, Henrik Hardensson Berntsen, Peder Fiske, Jorma Kuusela, Rune Muladal, Eero Niemela, Ingebrigt Uglem, Torbjorn Forseth, Tor Atle Mo, Eva B. Thorstad, Alexey E. Veselov, Knut Wiik Vollset, Alexander V. Zubchenko
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2019)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Sigurd Einum, Erlend I. F. Fossen, Victor Parry, Christophe Pelabon
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2019)
Letter
Biodiversity Conservation
Sigurd Einum, Irja Ratikainen, Jonathan Wright, Christophe Pelabon, Claus Bech, Fredrik Jutfelt, Clare Stawski, Tim Burton
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biology
Tim Burton, Hanna-Kaisa Lakka, Sigurd Einum
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Biology
Semona Issa, Marlene Gamelon, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Kristine Vike-Jonas, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Veerle L. B. Jaspers, Sigurd Einum
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Christophe Pelabon, Christoffer H. Hilde, Sigurd Einum, Marlene Gamelon
Article
Ecology
Erlend I. F. Fossen, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Sigurd Einum
Summary: Optimal timing for diapause induction through sexual reproduction of dormant propagules is expected in organisms with temporary populations, where genetic variation in propensity to produce dormant propagules may be maintained by a genotype-by-environment interaction in clonal reproductive rates. However, empirical studies do not support this hypothesis, suggesting that genetic variation in the timing of diapause may not be maintained by genetic differences in thermal clonal reproduction reaction norms.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Marjolein Bruijning, Erlend I. F. Fossen, Eelke Jongejans, Helene Vanvelk, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Lynn Govaert, Kristien Brans, Sigurd Einum, Luc De Meester
Summary: This study shows that interactions between temperature and parasitism shape competition among Daphnia populations, with Belgian clones performing better under infection than Norwegian clones. Infected populations perform better at higher temperatures due to increased host capability to reduce parasite loads. Temperature strongly affects individual vital rates, while parasitism consistently reduces fitness through negative effects on all vital rates, highlighting the importance of considering biotic interactions in predicting the competitive ability of populations under global warming.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Semona Issa, Safa Chaabani, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Veerle L. B. Jaspers, Sigurd Einum
Summary: Dopamine plays an important role in regulating responses to food abundance, but the costs of high dopamine levels are poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of maternal dopamine levels on offspring fitness in the water flea Daphnia magna. The results show that although dopamine-exposed mothers produced smaller offspring, these offspring had a superior starvation resistance compared to controls.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Tim Burton, Irja Ida Ratikainen, Sigurd Einum
Summary: This article examines the rate at which reversible phenotypic plasticity (RPP) occurs and its potential impact on how organisms overcome environmental challenges. The study suggests that current theoretical models do not consider the evolutionary potential of RPP rates. If the rate of plasticity itself can evolve, it may alter the organism's perception of environmental predictability and influence the slope of the evolved reaction norm. The optimization of phenotypic plasticity rates, their evolutionary dynamics in different environments, and the costs associated with them warrant further exploration in future research.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Varsha Rani, Tim Burton, Matthew Walsh, Sigurd Einum
Summary: Predator-induced mortality can lead to the evolution of metabolic rate, both directly and indirectly. This study found that the metabolic rate of Daphnia pulicaria decreased after the invasive event of the predator Bythotrephes. The potential roles of direct and indirect selection in driving this change were discussed.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Sigurd Einum, Emil R. Ullern, Matthew Walsh, Tim Burton
Summary: Invasive predatory species can cause evolutionary responses in prey phenotypes, leading to changes in prey population dynamics. This study examined the impact of an invader, Bythotrephes longimanus, on the population dynamics of zooplankton Daphnia pulicaria in Lake Kegonsa, Wisconsin. The findings suggest that post-invasion Daphnia had higher population growth rates and carrying capacities compared to pre-invasion Daphnia under controlled laboratory conditions. However, caution should be exercised when extrapolating these results to wild populations due to the complexities of ecological interactions.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Sigurd Einum, Tim Burton
Summary: An individual's fitness cost associated with environmental change depends on the rate of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. However, understanding of plasticity rates in an ecological and evolutionary context remains limited. A quantitative synthesis of existing plasticity rate data reveals considerable variation in plasticity rates among species, with different rates observed among higher taxa.
Article
Ecology
Sigurd Einum, Vitalija Bartuseviciute, Erlend I. F. Fossen, Christophe Pelabon
Summary: Populations originating from colder environments often exhibit higher somatic growth rates, suggesting adaptation to seasonality or temperature. The relationship between somatic growth rate and population growth rate, as well as the mortality rate in the wild, play important roles in determining the type of adaptation.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Morten Falkegard, Robert J. Lennox, Eva B. Thorstad, Sigurd Einum, Peder Fiske, Oyvind A. Garmo, Ase H. Garseth, Helge Skoglund, Monica F. Solberg, Kjell R. Utne, Knut W. Vollset, Leif Asbjorn Vollestad, Vidar Wennevik, Torbjorn Forseth
Summary: Managers and stakeholders are concerned about the impact of predation on the status of Atlantic salmon. A review of literature suggests that predation alone may not be the main driver of decline in salmon populations. While predation may hinder recovery, there is a lack of strong evidence to support the effectiveness of predator control in restoring threatened salmon populations.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2023)