Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Farshad Teymoori, Hossein Farhadnejad, Nazanin Moslehi, Parvin Mirmiran, Ebrahim Mokhtari, Fereidoun Azizi
Summary: The study revealed that a diet high in GL, GI, II, and IL can increase the incidence of diabetes. Glycemic and insulin load are stronger predictors of diabetes risk compared to glycemic index and insulin index.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carolien Ruijgrok, Ellen E. Blaak, Leonie Egli, Pierre Dussort, Sophie Vinoy, Simone P. Rauh, Joline W. Beulens, M. Denise Robertson, Marjan Alssema
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the relationship of acute glucose and insulin postprandial responses with longer-term effects on diabetes-related risk factors through a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention studies. Results showed that changes in acute postprandial glucose responses were associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose, but not with fasting insulin. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of acute postprandial changes on long-term risk factors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sandra T. Clarke, Sidra Sarfaraz, Xinye Qi, Davin G. Ramdath, Gregory C. Fougere, D. Dan Ramdath
Summary: Lentil consumption reduces blood glucose and insulin levels, possibly related to macronutrients and consumption amount.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhihong Zhang, Songtao Fan, Gary J. Duncan, Amanda Morris, Donna Henderson, Philip Morrice, Wendy R. Russell, Sylvia H. Duncan, Madalina Neacsu
Summary: Pseudo-cereals like buckwheat hulls are a valuable but underexplored source of dietary fiber and bioactive phytochemicals. This study found that bioprocessing treatments significantly increased the extractability of various phytochemicals from buckwheat hulls, making them more bioaccessible to the colon. Additionally, the fiber in buckwheat hulls was found to be fermentable, promoting the formation of propionate and butyrate. These findings highlight the potential of buckwheat hulls as a source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rumyana Dimova, Nevena Chakarova, Stefano Del Prato, Tsvetalina Tankova
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between glycemic variability (GV) and dietary regimen in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The results showed that individuals with IGT had higher GV compared to those with NGT, and an increase in overall daily carbohydrate and refined grain consumption worsened GV, while an increase in whole grain intake improved GV.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing among youths. Treatment with dulaglutide at a once-weekly dose of 0.75 mg or 1.5 mg was superior to placebo in improving glycemic control through 26 weeks among youths with type 2 diabetes, without an effect on BMI.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva A. Arslanian, Tamara Hannon, Philip Zeitler, Lily C. Chao, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Margarita Barrientos-Perez, Elise Bismuth, Sergio Dib, Jang Ik Cho, David Cox
Summary: In this 26-week trial, researchers found that once-weekly treatment with dulaglutide has significant efficacy in improving glycemic control among youths with type 2 diabetes.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karen A. Della Corte, Katharina Penczynski, Gunter Kuhnle, Ines Perrar, Christian Herder, Michael Roden, Stefan A. Wudy, Thomas Remer, Ute Alexy, Anette E. Buyken
Summary: The study found no significant association between dietary sugar intake during adolescence and insulin sensitivity or inflammation biomarkers in adulthood. However, moderate fructose consumption in adolescence may have beneficial effects on adult fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity. Higher urinary fructose levels were associated with improved insulin sensitivity in adult females.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie K. Nishi, Effie Viguiliouk, Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J. A. Jenkins, Frank B. Hu, John L. Sievenpiper, Alessandro Atzeni, Anoop Misra, Jordi Salas-Salvado
Summary: Diabetes is a global concern affecting a significant proportion of adults, and nut consumption has been associated with positive health outcomes. There is evidence suggesting that nut consumption may play a role in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes, although more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nahla Hwalla, Zeinab Jaafar, Sally Sawaya
Summary: The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Middle Eastern and North African region is closely linked to the rapidly changing dietary habits as a result of economic prosperity, highlighting the significant role of dietary interventions and weight loss in diabetes prevention and management. This review aims to explore the mechanistic pathways linking obesity with diabetes and to summarize the most recent evidence on the association of different macronutrients and food groups with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Bo Zhi Chen, Wen Xuan Li, Yun Hao Feng, Xiao Peng Zhang, Jie Jiao, Zhuo Lin Li, Vahideh Nosrati-Siahmazgi, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Xin Dong Guo
Summary: This study examined the combination of insulin-loaded dissolving microneedles (MNs) with insulin aspart (IAsp) or insulin degludec (IDeg) therapy for diabetes treatment. The results showed that the insulin-loaded MNs provided comparable blood glucose control abilities to subcutaneous injections in diabetic rats. The MNs have the potential to improve glycemic control and patient compliance, while reducing injection pain.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zihan Yan, Manuela Fortunato, Zeenat A. Shyr, Amy L. Clark, Matt Fuess, Colin G. Nichols, Maria S. Remedi
Summary: This study demonstrates that decreasing beta-cell glucose signaling can prevent glucotoxicity-induced loss of insulin content and beta-cell failure independently of compensatory insulin hypersecretion and beta-cell exhaustion.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. F. Bekebrede, L. Noorman, J. Keijer, V. C. J. de Boer, W. J. J. Gerrits
Summary: The intestine is a highly metabolic organ that relies on energy production within the intestinal cells to sustain its functions. Protein fermentation metabolites are known to negatively impact intestinal metabolic function, while fibre fermentation metabolites are generally thought beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of proteins with different digestibility and fiber levels on colonocyte energy metabolism. The results showed that feeding poorly digestible protein collagen increased nitrogen flow into the colon, while feeding high fermentable fiber increased colonic fluxes of both fiber-derived and protein-derived metabolites. Furthermore, high fermentable fiber intake was found to lower colonocyte mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism. Evaluation of intestinal cell metabolic capacity may be a valuable tool for future research.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arpita Basu, Andrew Hooyman, Leigh Ann Richardson, Amy C. Alman, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
Summary: This study found an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and glycemic control in adults with prediabetes, but not in those with type 1 diabetes. This suggests that dietary fiber may have a protective effect on glycemic control in individuals at risk of developing diabetes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jung Eun Yoo, Dahye Kim, Kyungdo Han, Sang Youl Rhee, Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Lee
Summary: The study found that there is an association between diabetes status and the development of tuberculosis. Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis compared to those without diabetes, and the risk of tuberculosis increases with longer duration of diabetes.
