Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Julie M. Theriault, Nicolas R. Leroux, Ronald E. Stewart, Andre Bertoncini, Stephen J. Dery, John W. Pomeroy, Hadleigh D. Thompson, Hilary Smith, Zen Mariani, Aurelie Desroches-Lapointe, Selina Mitchell, Juris Almonte
Summary: The Canadian Rockies are a triple-continental divide, where precipitation processes vary between the eastern and western sides during springtime. This study found that precipitation generally crosses the continental divide during specific atmospheric conditions, but the amount and type of precipitation differ under different conditions.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jesse K. Anttila-Hughes, Amir S. Jina, Gordon C. McCord
Summary: The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant impact on child nutrition globally, with warmer El Nino conditions typically leading to increased child undernutrition in developing countries. The effects of ENSO on child nutrition can be detected years later, with weight loss in children translating to decreased height. The relationship between ENSO and child nutrition has remained consistent at both global and regional scales over the past four decades.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kaustav Chakravarty, N. Arun, Praful Yadav, Rupali Bhangale, P. Murugavel, Vijay P. Kanawade, J. Mohmmad, K. S. Hosalikar, G. Pandithurai
Summary: This study examined the characteristics of precipitation microphysics during different stages of tropical cyclone Nisarga in the Western Ghats of India, finding that convective rain had a significant impact and precipitation intensity increased when the cyclone was over the Western Ghats.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hui Xiao, Pengguo Zhao, Xiantong Liu, Huiqi Li
Summary: Autoconversion plays a crucial role in the initial formation of raindrops, particularly in aerosol-cloud interactions. Increase in CCN concentration suppresses autoconversion rate, leading to more cloud droplets and delayed precipitation. Different autoconversion schemes have varying impacts on surface precipitation and related microphysical processes.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Andrew DeLaFrance, Lynn McMurdie, Angela Rowe
Summary: This study investigates ice-phase precipitation processes during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX), revealing an orographic enhancement of precipitation over the windward slopes. The presence of secondary radar reflectivity maxima periods is associated with increased rain rates and larger mass-weighted mean drop diameters, suggesting that precipitation from these layers may contribute to enhanced windward precipitation accumulations.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Silvio Davolio, Marco Vercellino, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Lucia Drago Pitura, Sante Laviola, Vincenzo Levizzani
Summary: On 2-3 October 2020, heavy precipitation in northern Italy and the western Alps, driven by an upper-level trough and an atmospheric river, led to rainfall exceeding 600 mm in 24 hours. The atmospheric river brought a significant amount of moisture from both the Mediterranean Sea and the tropics, intensifying the precipitation systems. The presence of the atmospheric river played a crucial role in transforming the event into a devastating flood, highlighting the complex interaction between large-scale flows and mesoscale dynamics.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Serge Soula, Nicolau Pineda, Jean-Francois Georgis, Antoine Leroy, Igor Vanpoucke, Joan Montanya, Enric Casellas, Sergi Gonzalez, Joan Bech
Summary: This paper analyzes the meteorological conditions, thundercloud structure, lightning activity, and characteristics of lightning flashes striking two towers on Tosa d'Alp over two days. Using remote sensing products and a set of sensors at Cerdanya station, the study identifies unique characteristics of the lightning flashes detected on the towers, including negative polarity, upward flashes, and self-triggered flashes on the towers. Comparisons between different towers and weather conditions on different days reveal patterns in lightning strikes and favorable charging processes.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha A. Scholl, Maoya Bassiouni, Angel J. Torres-Sanchez
Summary: This study found that forest cover plays a crucial role in mountain hydrometeorology and cloud formation. Natural experiments revealed interactions between living forest and hydroclimatic processes, as well as the impact of forest disturbances on local meteorology.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chris Kidd, Toshi Matsui, William Blackwell, Scott Braun, Robert Leslie, Zach Griffith
Summary: This paper presents the initial results of precipitation estimates using the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) and the PRPS retrieval scheme. The results showcase the potential of the TMS instrument for precipitation retrievals.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
N. R. Mascioli, A. T. Evan, F. M. Ralph
Summary: Research using a model shows that dust can increase the ratio of precipitation falling as snow, affecting the distribution of precipitation downwind and upwind. Under certain favorable conditions, dust can significantly enhance precipitation through the seeder-feeder mechanism.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying He, Zhiliang Shu, Jiafeng Zheng, Xingcan Jia, Yujun Qiu, Peiyun Deng, Xue Yan, Tong Lin, Zhangli Dang, Chunsong Lu
Summary: A field campaign was conducted in Liupan Mountains by the Weather Modification Center of the China Meteorological Administration to investigate the influence of terrain on precipitation in Northwest China. Measurements from ground-based cloud radar, micro rain radar, and disdrometer were used to compare the vertical structures and microphysical characteristics of a mixed cloud and precipitation process over three different topographic positions. The study found that the characteristics of higher raindrop concentrations and smaller diameters were observed, especially at the mountain top site.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Malarvizhi Arulraj, Ana P. Barros
Summary: Ground-clutter poses challenges for space-based radar systems like GPM DPR in accurately detecting and estimating precipitation in complex terrains. This research introduces an AI framework with PDM and PCM models to enhance orographic precipitation retrievals, achieving significant improvements in false alarms and missed detections in warm-season precipitation in the Southern Appalachian Mountains.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Samson Hagos, Zhe Feng, Sheng-Lun Tai, Jingyi Chen
Summary: This study examines the environmental factors controlling Boreal winter rainfall in the tropics and their regional variabilities using statistical analysis and machine learning. The analysis reveals that the probability of an active rainfall regime significantly increases under certain environmental conditions, and the differences in active regime frequencies among regions are related to variations in precipitable water and convective inhibition.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kieran M. R. Hunt, Andrew G. Turner, Reinhard K. H. Schiemann
Summary: The diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Central Himalaya is influenced by the interaction between tropical convection and local orographic flow. The study found that there are two peaks in the diurnal cycle, with one in the late afternoon and a stronger one in the early morning. The afternoon peak is linked to the diurnal cycle of tropical convection, while the nocturnal peak is triggered by downslope flow converging with the monsoon circulation. Low-pressure systems also play a role in modulating the timing and magnitude of the diurnal cycle.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Emilie C. Iversen, Oivind Hodnebrog, Lise Seland Graff, Bjorn Egil Nygaard, Trond Iversen
Summary: Climate projections in the North Atlantic region suffer from uncertainties, especially in precipitation. This study focuses on the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH) and investigates the projected winter precipitation decrease in the northeastern North Atlantic region using the CESM2 model. The results suggest that changes in stratiform precipitation are influenced by storm-track changes, while convective precipitation decreases due to reduced sea surface temperatures associated with the NAWH.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Robert A. Warren, Harald Richter, Richard L. Thompson
Summary: Proximity soundings are grouped using self-organizing maps (SOMs) to describe hazards, environmental characteristics, and spatiotemporal variability associated with tornadoes and severe weather. Both SOMs provide a good representation of the variability in key convective parameters, with limitations in the thermodynamic SOM regarding variations in LCL heights and midlevel lapse rates.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. Shaw, Z. McGraw, O. Bruno, T. Storelvmo, S. Hofer
Summary: This study highlights the importance of mixed-phase clouds in Arctic warming and the challenges of accurately representing them in climate models. By adjusting model microphysical variables to match cloud phase metrics, researchers were able to produce Arctic-constrained model runs and evaluate cloud feedbacks. The results suggest that mixed-phase processes play a key role in mediating the Arctic climate response to warming.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. K. Sporre, J. Friberg, C. Svenhag, O. Sourdeval, T. Storelvmo
Summary: This study investigates the impact of downwelling sulphate aerosol on midlatitude cirrus clouds during springtime using three satellite data sets. The results show that cirrus clouds in the northern hemisphere have lower ice water content, ice crystal number concentrations, and cloud fraction when the aerosol load in the lowermost stratosphere is elevated by volcanism. However, the cirrus clouds in the southern hemisphere show no significant changes with downwelling aerosol levels. The reduction in cirrus ice water content and cloud fraction in the northern hemisphere implies that volcanic aerosol can cool the climate through reduced warming from cirrus clouds.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Daniel J. Kirshbaum
Summary: Large-eddy simulations conducted in this study reveal the impacts of heterogeneous, low terrain on deep-convection initiation. The terrain plays a significant role in determining the size of incipient cumulus clouds and their subcloud support. Enhanced subcloud circulations and more vigorous clouds penetrating deeper into the troposphere are observed due to the influence of terrain. Larger-scale terrains are more effective in promoting deep-convection initiation.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Thomas M. Gowan, W. James Steenburgh, Justin R. Minder
Summary: This study examines the influence of orography on two modes of lake-effect systems: long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) bands and broad-coverage, open-cell convection. The results highlight the differences in the influence of orography on these two types of lake-effect storms and emphasize the significance of terrain features in understanding and predicting lake-effect precipitation patterns.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ryan L. Li, Joshua H. P. Studholme, Alexey Fedorov, Trude Storelvmo
Summary: This study uses the concept of precipitation efficiency to establish the critical role of raindrops in predicting future tropical atmospheric circulation and extreme precipitation.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jenny Bjordal, Trude Storelvmo, Anthony A. Jr Jr Smith
Summary: The economic impacts of climate change are highly uncertain, with climate sensitivity and damage functions being the two most important factors. Both global economic impact and regional impact are affected by uncertainty in climate sensitivity and aggregate economic damages per degree of warming.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David M. M. Schultz, Jeffrey Anderson, Tommaso Benacchio, Kristen L. L. Corbosiero, Matthew D. D. Eastin, Clark Evans, Jidong Gao, Joshua P. P. Hacker, Daniel Hodyss, Daryl Kleist, Matthew R. R. Kumjian, Ron McTaggart-Cowan, Zhiyong Meng, Justin R. Minder, Derek Posselt, Paul Roundy, Angela Rowe, Michael Scheuerer, Russ S. S. Schumacher, Stan Trier, Christopher Weiss
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
I. R. Julsrud, T. Storelvmo, M. Schulz, K. O. Moseid, M. Wild
Summary: This study investigates the variations of surface solar radiation (SSR) and its influencing factors, including cloud cover and aerosols, as well as the simulation of SSR by Earth system models (ESMs). The observational study reveals that cloud cover has a dampening effect on SSR variations, while aerosol emissions are the main cause of SSR trends in four regions. The simulation results show that current ESMs are unable to fully replicate the observed variations, except for the European region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ryan L. Li, Joshua H. P. Studholme, Alexey V. Fedorov, Trude Storelvmo
Summary: The role of precipitation efficiency (PE) in the global temperature response to CO2 rise is studied. It is found that higher temperatures are associated with higher PE. The increase in PE is linked to tropical circulation slowdown and greater eastern equatorial Pacific warming, resulting in positive cloud feedback and higher Effective Climate Sensitivity (ECS).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Timothy H. Raupach, Joshua S. Soderholm, Robert A. Warren, Steven C. Sherwood
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of hail hazard changes in Australia. It reveals a decrease in hail-prone days across most of the country, but an increase in heavily populated areas. Changes in atmospheric instability are driving these trends. Radar observations support the findings and show substantial increases in hail frequency in major Australian cities.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrew Gettelman, Hugh Morrison, Trude Eidhammer, Katherine Thayer-Calder, Jian Sun, Richard Forbes, Zachary McGraw, Jiang Zhu, Trude Storelvmo, John Dennis
Summary: This study presents updates and corrections to the cloud microphysical scheme used in models like CESM, including a new scheme called PUMAS and the ability to run on GPUs. The main changes include refining ice nucleation, incorporating vapor deposition onto snow, and introducing implicit sedimentation treatment. The study finds corrections are needed for the freezing parameterization and that ice nucleation has significant impacts on climate. The revised scheme produces less cloud liquid and ice, but this can be adjusted through changes in cloud liquid loss. There are minimal effects on cloud feedbacks but reductions in aerosol-cloud interactions.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jasper F. Kok, Trude Storelvmo, Vlassis A. Karydis, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Natalie M. Mahowald, Amato T. Evan, Cenlin He, Danny M. Leung
Summary: This Review summarizes the interactions and impacts of dust on the global climate and climate change. Dust affects the energy budget of Earth through interactions with radiation, clouds, atmospheric chemistry, the cryosphere and biogeochemistry. The net radiative effect of dust is -0.2 +/- 0.5 W m(-)(2), indicating a cooling effect on climate.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Britta Schafer, Tim Carlsen, Ingrid Hanssen, Michael Gausa, Trude Storelvmo
Summary: The role of clouds in the surface radiation budget is complex in the Arctic, but long-term observations are lacking. This study presents observations of cold clouds using ground-based lidar in the Norwegian Arctic. The study assesses the agreement between ground-based lidar and satellite lidar observations and determines the cloud phase in mixed-phase clouds. The study also computes multiyear statistics of cold clouds for the 2011-2017 period.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Oscar Chimborazo, Justin R. Minder, Mathias Vuille
Summary: Many mountain regions, including the Andes of Ecuador, are experiencing enhanced warming compared to their surroundings, which threatens the environmental services provided by mountains. This elevation-dependent warming (EDW) effect is evident in observations and simulations, with different rates of warming on the eastern and western slopes. Multiple feedback mechanisms, such as upper-tropospheric warming and changes in circulation, contribute to the EDW effect. Additionally, reductions in snow cover and increased absorption of sunlight further enhance the warming. Regardless of emission scenario, high elevations in Ecuador will continue to warm at accelerated rates in the future.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
