Article
Engineering, Civil
Richard Armstrong, Tadahiro Kishida, DongSoon Park
Summary: In seismic hazard analysis, predicting earthquake loading levels for ground motion intensity measures is crucial for determining the best indicators related to embankment dam deformations. The study found that Arias intensity was the most efficient predictor, while some pseudo-spectral accelerations could also serve as effective indicators in certain cases.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Amir Hossein Asjodi, Kiarash M. Dolatshahi
Summary: This paper presents a new methodology for identifying post-earthquake damage states of unreinforced masonry walls using visual damage features. The current guidelines rely on qualitative description, which is subjective and affected by the inspector's experience. This study quantifies the qualitative description by developing 3D fragility surfaces based on cracking and crushing measurements. The proposed framework can be used for risk assessment and generating reliable multi-variable 3D fragility surfaces for unreinforced masonry walls.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Damian N. Grant, Jamie Dennis, Richard Sturt, Giovanni Milan, David McLennan, Pedro Negrette, Rene da Costa, Michele Palmieri
Summary: This paper demonstrates the use of non-linear finite element models for developing fragility functions for buildings, specifically focusing on unreinforced masonry buildings in the Groningen region of the Netherlands. Through regression analysis and combining results from multiple index buildings, fragility functions were successfully developed for the URM terraced house typology.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Marco Nale, Fabio Minghini, Andrea Chiozzi, Antonio Tralli
Summary: Unreinforced masonry buildings are vulnerable to local failure mechanisms during seismic actions, especially older buildings. The effectiveness of connections between walls and the slenderness of walls can both lead to Out-Of-Plane mechanisms.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Henry V. V. Burton, Jack W. W. Baker
Summary: This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the conditional independence assumption in performance-based earthquake engineering through causal inference. It shows that the best performance measure is the one that maximizes the effect on the engineering demand parameters after controlling for the upstream parameters.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Sreenath Vemula, Meenakshi Yellapragada, Bhargavi Podili, S. T. G. Raghukanth, Alagappan Ponnalagu
Summary: Peak ground motions and spectral accelerations estimated from prediction equations are crucial in earthquake hazard studies. Recently, predictive relationships for higher-order parameters have gained significant importance for describing different ground motion characteristics. The northeastern region of India experiences extreme seismicity due to Indian plate subduction under the South Asian plate, but limited ground motion prediction equations are available due to insufficient data.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Samane Rezaei, Kiarash M. Dolatshahi, Amir Hossein Asjodi
Summary: This study investigates the effect of various factors on determining the post-earthquake damage states of unreinforced brick masonry walls using fragility curves. A database of 245 damaged walls is collected and categorized into four damage states based on the resisting lateral force during cyclic loading. Multivariable fragility surfaces are developed to determine the probability of reaching different damage states based on drift ratio and design properties. The proposed fragility curves enhance risk assessment of damaged unreinforced masonry walls and improve conventional guidelines such as HAZUS.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tariq A. Aquib, Jayalakshmi Sivasubramonian, P. Martin Mai
Summary: The structural response of buildings to earthquake shaking is crucial for seismic design, but the relationship between earthquake ground motion intensity, building response, and seismic risk is still not fully conclusive. This study compiles a comprehensive list of intensity measures (IMs) and their characteristics, discusses the ground motion selection process, and examines the effects of different structural characteristics and seismological parameters on EDP-IM relationships using statistical analysis. The results support previous studies and suggest improvements in the relationship between EDP and IM.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huihui Li, Guojie Zhou, Jun Wang
Summary: Probabilistic seismic demand analysis is a critical step in the performance-based earthquake engineering design framework, and its accuracy is influenced by various sources of uncertainties, especially the variability of ground motions. A study on a representative reinforced concrete continuous girder bridge investigated the effectiveness and practicality of twenty-eight seismic intensity measures. The study also examined the effects of ground motion-related uncertainties on the analysis of highway bridges. It was concluded that the efficiency and sufficiency of the intensity measures play important roles, and the uncertainties from the seismic records significantly affect the probabilistic seismic demand analysis of highway bridges.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Max Sieber, Michalis F. Vassiliou, Ioannis Anastasopoulos
Summary: This paper statistically studies the rocking behavior of rigid blocks under seismic excitation and compares the performance of different ground motion intensity measures. The results show that the peak ground velocity is the most efficient measure and using a non-dimensional IM can collapse the fragility curves for different block sizes.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chengming Zhang, Mi Zhao, Zilan Zhong, Xiuli Du
Summary: The study aims to explore the optimal seismic intensity measures for subway stations under near-fault seismic excitations and establish seismic fragility curves based on these measures. Results show that for engineering sites of Classes I and II, sustained maximum acceleration followed by peak ground acceleration are the optimum IMs, while for engineering sites of Classes III and IV, velocity spectrum intensity is the optimum measure.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alexios Papasotiriou, Asimina Athanatopoulou
Summary: Two new efficient seismic intensity measures are proposed for use on bare and infilled reinforced concrete frames, and their ability to predict damage is evaluated based on correlation, dispersion, consistency, and bias towards specific structural types.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Panpan Zhang, Lei Zhang, Zhen Zhang
Summary: In this study, three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to comprehensively examine the performance of clay-pile-pier system under earthquake shaking. The results showed that peak pile-cap acceleration is the optimal intensity measure for evaluating the seismic response of the pier, while peak pile-cap velocity is the optimal intensity measure for evaluating the seismic response of the pile. Furthermore, seismic fragility analyses revealed that the pile is more vulnerable to seismic damage and its failure probabilities decrease with the increase of pile flexural rigidity.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mahdi Heshmati, Vahid Jahangiri
Summary: The study investigates the use of various IMs to assess the seismic response of steel diagrid systems, identifies the most appropriate IMs for far-field earthquake conditions, and obtains collapse fragility curves and drift hazard curves based on different IMs. It was found that the proposed IMs reduce uncertainty in fragility curves and that seismic IM significantly affects the structural response hazard of steel diagrid systems.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Daniele Losanno, Nagavinothini Ravichandran, Fulvio Parisi
Summary: Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are highly vulnerable to seismic ground motion, but the use of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) can significantly improve their seismic performance. This study analyzed the seismic fragility of both fixed-base and base-isolated URM buildings and found that FREIs can effectively reduce the damage probability of URM buildings. These findings contribute to the development of low-cost isolators for URM buildings in developing countries.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Enrico Tubaldi, Ekin Ozer, John Douglas, Pierre Gehl
Summary: This study proposes a probabilistic framework for near real-time seismic damage assessment that exploits heterogeneous sources of information about the seismic input and the structural response to the earthquake. A Bayesian network is built to describe the relationship between various random variables involved in seismic damage assessment, and multiple data sources are used to update the a priori damage estimate. The results demonstrate the reduction of uncertainty from sensor data and the added value of information from observations for evaluating structural response, damage, and losses.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
John Thornley, John Douglas, Utpal Dutta, Zhaohui (Joey) Yang
Summary: The utilization of Fourier spectral amplifications to evaluate changes in site response is challenging due to lower intensity ground motions recorded at strong-motion stations and the difference between Fourier and response spectral amplitudes. In this study, generalized inversion technique is used to calculate Fourier spectral amplifications at 35 stations in Anchorage, Alaska. The estimated response spectra are then evaluated at each site using random vibration theory. The method is tested and compared with other models, showing a close match between measured and predicted response spectra.
EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alireza Azarbakht, Archie Rudman, John Douglas
Summary: The study presents a hybrid decision-making framework based on multiple criteria and cost-benefit analysis to help make decisions on earthquake risk mitigation measures. Demonstrated through three hypothetical case studies in high seismicity areas, the approach shows flexibility in handling new problems and sensitivity to the benefits of mitigation actions during periods of increased seismic hazard.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Mike Murray, Stella Pytharouli, John Douglas
Summary: Employability and skills development are important issues in higher education. In vocational-professional disciplines like engineering, students are expected to acquire scientific knowledge and develop skills in teamwork, communication, and other professional areas. Embedding these skills within curricular activities offers the greatest potential for improving students' employment prospects.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Pierre Gehl, Rosemary Fayjaloun, Li Sun, Enrico Tubaldi, Caterina Negulescu, Ekin Ozer, Dina D'Ayala
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of using approximate Bayesian inference to assess losses in road and building networks after an earthquake. The proposed Bayesian approach is able to process a large number of infrastructure components within a reasonable time and cost.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
E. Schiappapietra, S. Stripajova, P. Pazak, J. Douglas, G. Trendafiloski
Summary: Catastrophe models are crucial for assessing and managing earthquake-related emergencies. The three main components of earthquake catastrophe models are the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability models. Research has shown that considering the spatial correlation and associated uncertainty of ground motions is essential in the catastrophe modeling process.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alireza Azarbakht, Hossein Ebrahimian, Fatemeh Jalayer, John Douglas
Summary: This study focuses on the robust seismicity forecasting for earthquake sequences, using an ETAS model to make probabilistic predictions while considering uncertainties in model parameters and variations in event sequences. The empirical results demonstrate that the adapted model can predict potentially damaging earthquakes during ongoing seismic sequences after a severe main shock, and provide short-term daily exceedance rates, revealing the characteristics of increased and decayed seismic hazard.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ahsana Parammal Vatteri, Dina D'Ayala, Pierre Gehl
Summary: Exposure of school buildings to floods and earthquakes poses significant risk to student population and their education process. A Bayesian network model is proposed to estimate the impact of these hazards on school system infrastructure and explore mitigating measures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pierre Gehl, Samuel Auclair, Rosemary Fayjaloun, Philippe Meresse
Summary: This study focuses on the emergency phase following an earthquake and aims to evaluate the failure probability of road components and the accessibility probability between locations in a road network. It uses a probabilistic framework and relevant indicators to assist in choosing the most suitable travel itinerary for first-aid responders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Alireza Azarbakht, John Douglas
Summary: Seismic hazard varies greatly during an earthquake sequence, and understanding this variation can be useful to end-users. This article uses a time-dependent seismic hazard model based on a Bayesian ETAS approach to study commonly-used products of probabilistic seismic hazard assessments during two severe seismic sequences in western Greece. The results show differences between time-dependent and time-independent hazard spectra, as well as significant differences in the dominant earthquake scenarios evidenced by the disaggregation analysis.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Guillermo Aldama-Bustos, John Douglas, Fleur O. Strasser, Manuela Davi, Alice MacGregor
Summary: A key task in developing a GMM is to demonstrate its ability to capture appropriate levels of epistemic uncertainty. This can be assessed through various approaches, such as examining trellis plots, Sammon's maps, and contour plots, as well as comparing uncertainties between different models. These approaches enable a systematic assessment of the level of uncertainty captured by the proposed GMM.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Haifa Tebib, John Douglas, Jennifer J. Roberts
Summary: When funding or conducting a seismic hazard assessment, it is important to assess the value of additional data collection to inform the assessment. A Value of Information (VoI) analysis can help answer the question of whether it is worth paying for this information and optimize the data collection process. This article introduces a method to assess the VoI of improving estimates of shear-wave velocity for seismic design in Greece.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Francesca Turchetti, Enrico Tubaldi, John Douglas, Mariano Angelo Zanini, Andrea Dall'Asta
Summary: In this article, a risk-targeted design approach is developed for circular reinforced concrete bridge piers, based on a probabilistic optimization procedure. The study presents the influence of two key design parameters on the structural behavior and performance using a surrogate model. The proposed approach is applied in a case study for Italy under different seismic hazard levels.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
John Thornley, John Douglas, Utpal Dutta, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigates the geology and tectonic setting of Anchorage and analyzes the site response variability using strong-motion recordings from 35 surface stations. The results show that the geological conditions in Anchorage have an impact on the spectral amplification at the sites. The study provides improvements on past microzonation studies and supports the use of small and moderate earthquakes to evaluate spectral amplifications.
PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
(2022)