Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shan Gao, Ryozo Ooka, Wonseok Oh
Summary: Development of multi-node thermoregulation models with local clothing insulation as an input parameter enables distinguishing spatial and temporal changes in the thermal environment. However, research on local clothing insulation lags compared with multi-node thermoregulation models, affecting prediction accuracy. This study determined overall and local intrinsic clothing insulation values using different methods and found that methods and posture affect both overall and local intrinsic clothing insulation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zoubayre El Akili, Youcef Bouzidi, Abdelatif Merabtine, Guillaume Polidori, Julien Kauffmann
Summary: Research on thermal comfort in non-uniform thermal environments and its impact on frail individuals. The study found significant differences in thermal sensation and dynamic thermal sensation between males and females, while gender had a significant impact on thermal comfort.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Han-Yun Jhang, Shen Yang, Dusan Licina
Summary: The type and properties of clothing materials, as well as air speed, are important determinants of environmental particle uptake by clothing and inhalation exposure to the wearer.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Martina Levi, Maurizio Bossu, Valeria Luzzi, Federica Semprini, Andrea Salaris, Cristina Ottaviani, Cristiano Violani, Antonella Polimeni
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of diaphragmatic breathing in reducing dental anxiety in children. The results showed that diaphragmatic breathing had significant benefits on children's mood, self-reported pain, and autonomic balance, leading to reduced sympathetic activation. Therefore, diaphragmatic breathing can be considered as a low-cost, easy-to-implement technique that helps reduce dental anxiety in children and improve treatment outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaorui Deng, Guangcai Gong
Summary: This study investigated the dispersion of exhaled contaminants and body thermal plume in a displacement-ventilated room integrated with stable and unstable conditions. Results show that stable conditions reduce exposure levels while unstable conditions increase exposure risks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hyun-Ah Kim
Summary: This study investigated the thermal wear comfort properties of ceramic-embedded composite fabrics for workwear clothing in the gas and oil industries. The results showed that ZnO/ATO composite fabric with ZrC particles exhibited superior thermal wear comfort and anti-static properties, suitable for protective clothing worn in cold weather regions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marc Martinez-Estrada, Tiina Vuohijoki, Anja Poberznik, Asif Shaikh, Johanna Virkki, Ignacio Gil, Raul Fernandez-Garcia
Summary: This paper presents a smart office chair equipped with movable textile sensors to monitor sitting position. The system includes a presence textile capacitive sensor with different levels of activation and a signal conditioning device. Integrated into an office chair, the system detects postures that may cause musculoskeletal disorders. The microcontroller measures capacitance using a cycle count method and provides real-time position information. The results of testing with five participants demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed smart chair. The chair can be used as a new tool for companies, hospitals, or institutions to detect incorrect postures and monitor the postures of individuals with limited mobility.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhu Cheng, Nuoa Lei, Guangyu Cao, Baizhan Li
Summary: This study investigated the temperature and velocity field above the heads of sleeping people with supine postures. The results showed that the thermal plume of a supine posture person was not strong compared to that of a standing or sitting person, and the breathing airflow could influence the development of the thermal plume. Additionally, it was found that pollutants near the bed surface could be brought to the breathing zone with low velocity airflow, but could be blocked by the nasal exhalation jet.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ge Huang, Nanguang Su, Min Zhong
Summary: The application of an all-dielectric metamaterial in clothing fabric measurement is proposed and studied, achieving a smooth absorption spectrum. When the metamaterial is covered by a Polyester fabric sample, the measured average absorptivity is 41.5%. The average absorptivity of the Polyester fabric sample is 41.5%, 48.3%, 57.6%, and 62.1% for thicknesses of 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, and 0.5mm respectively.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aziza Hannouch, Charbel Habchi, Najib Metni, Thierry Lemenand
Summary: In this study, a new type of thermal manikin representing a preterm neonate was built using 3D printing technique. The control of surface temperature and the performance in different scenarios were investigated. The obtained results showed agreement with previous studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Faisal Abedin, Emiel Denhartog
Summary: In high humidity environments, certain textile fibers exhibit exothermic heat generation tendencies. This study used a thermal manikin model to analyze the heat flux patterns across the manikin's torso under varying humidity levels. The research highlights the importance of textiles in ensuring thermal comfort, with wool demonstrating superior moisture buffering capabilities. The microclimate between the garment and skin also plays a significant role in heat flux behaviors.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
D. E. De Carvalho, J. P. Callaghan
Summary: This study investigates the effect of chair design on spine posture, muscle activity, and perceived pain. Lumbar support and seat pan tilt conditions result in more neutral spine and pelvic postures. However, sitting-induced pain remains present in the study sample without significant improvement.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yeping Yuan, Xinyu Tan, Ying-Tien Lin
Summary: In nature, plumes entering the coastal ocean after leaving the estuary interact with the continental shelf slope. Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate the evolution of plumes over a sloping bottom. The impacts of reduced gravity, Coriolis parameter, and shelf slope on plume characteristics and freshwater fate were studied, and the optical thickness method was used to obtain the depth field. It was found that increasing reduced gravity or decreasing Coriolis parameter led to a decrease in plume maximum depth and an increase in plume maximum width. A method was proposed to classify plumes based on their attachment to the shelf slope. Additionally, the study revealed the factors influencing the ratio of freshwater transport and accumulation in the bulge.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sirong Qu, Zhiliang Wang, Weiwei Liu
Summary: This study established an outdoor clothing model for Changsha based on climate characteristics through two consecutive years of field experiments, verifying the assumption that clothing adjustment is influenced by temperature.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiwei Zou, Jianlin Liu, Jianlei Niu, Yichen Yu, Chengwang Lei
Summary: This study predicts the convective heat loss from a human body in urban outdoor wind environments by investigating the effects of wind velocity and turbulent conditions on the heat loss. The study shows that the convective heat loss of most body segments increases with increasing wind velocity and turbulent intensity, as well as decreasing turbulence length scale.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. W. Tang, W. P. Bahnfleth, P. M. Bluyssen, G. Buonanno, J. L. Jimenez, J. Kurnitski, Y. Li, S. Miller, C. Sekhar, L. Morawska, L. C. Marr, A. K. Melikov, W. W. Nazaroff, P. Nielsen, R. Tellier, P. Wargocki, S. J. Dancer
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption globally, highlighting the importance of understanding the transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Confusion over the meaning of 'airborne' in discussions of transmission stems from past evidence and mythological beliefs, but there is evidence indicating that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through various sizes of airborne particles.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aleksandra Lipczynska, Jan Kaczmarczyk, Arsen Melikov
Summary: Personalized ventilation-CCPV significantly reduces energy consumption and improves relative humidity in hot climates, while mixing ventilation systems are more energy efficient in temperate climates due to free cooling from outdoor air. The control strategy of the supply air temperature plays a key role in the energy demand of HVAC systems.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek, Krzysztof Grygierek, Anna Guminska, Piotr Krawiec, Adrianna Ocwieja, Robert Poloczek, Julia Szkarlat, Aleksandra Zawartka, Daria Zobczynska, Daria Zukowska-Tejsen
Summary: This study focuses on improving thermal comfort in Polish dwellings through passive and energy-efficient solutions, with a particular emphasis on residents' dissatisfaction with thermal conditions during the summer months. The research found that airing apartments by opening windows increased heating demand but significantly reduced the number of thermal discomfort hours.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Su, Bin Yang, Arsen Melikov, Chenjiyu Liang, Yalin Lu, Faming Wang, Angui Li, Zhang Lin, Xianting Li, Guangyu Cao, Risto Kosonen
Summary: Infectious diseases have caused significant harm and economic losses. By studying different air distribution methods, it was found that personalized ventilation and displacement ventilation performed the best, while mixing ventilation and diffuse ceiling ventilation performed poorly.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Feng Yuan, Runming Yao, Sasan Sadrizadeh, Baiyi Li, Guangyu Cao, Shaoxing Zhang, Shan Zhou, Hong Liu, Anna Bogdan, Cristiana Croitoru, Arsen Melikov, C. Alan Short, Baizhan Li
Summary: This study focuses on the importance of maintaining thermal comfort for patients and medical staff in hospital environments, and examines various influencing factors and energy-saving measures related to thermal comfort. It emphasizes the need to provide different thermal comfort conditions based on the monitoring of patients and the activity levels of medical staff.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wojciech Kierat, Zhengtao Ai, Arsen Melikov, Detelin Markov, Mariya Bivolarova
Summary: Indoor climate standards recommend maintaining maximum CO2 concentration levels in rooms. Current CO2 exposure assessment is done through measurements at exhaust air or near walls. However, room air is often not perfectly mixed and CO2 emitted in exhaled air is non-uniformly distributed. This study examines the importance of air sampling location, timing, and breathing mode for accurate CO2 measurements. The results highlight that synchronizing the air sampling with the inhalation period is the most accurate method, and specific locations near the face are representative for assessing inhaled CO2 concentration.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Taha Arghand, Arsen Melikov, Zhecho Bolashikov, Panu Mustakallio, Risto Kosonen
Summary: This study compares the responses of subjects to individually-controlled localized chilled beam (LCB) and mixing ventilation (MV) systems. The results show that the LCB system has higher acceptability of the work environment, perceived air quality, and thermal sensation. The LCB system also provides a resilient microenvironment even with changes in room temperature.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Jose L. Jimenez, Linsey C. Marr, Katherine Randall, Edward Thomas Ewing, Zeynep Tufekci, Trish Greenhalgh, Raymond Tellier, Julian W. Tang, Yuguo Li, Lidia Morawska, Jonathan Mesiano-Crookston, David Fisman, Orla Hegarty, Stephanie J. Dancer, Philomena M. Bluyssen, Giorgio Buonanno, Marcel G. L. C. Loomans, William P. Bahnfleth, Maosheng Yao, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Arsen K. Melikov, Kimberly A. Prather
Summary: This article explains the controversy over whether SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by droplets or aerosols through a historical analysis of transmission research in other diseases. The dominant belief in history was that many diseases were transmitted through the air, but the rise of germ theory challenged this paradigm and discovered other transmission pathways. It was not until the COVID-19 pandemic that airborne transmission was recognized as a significant mode of transmission.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Amar Aganovic, Guangyu Cao, Jarek Kurnitski, Arsen Melikov, Pawel Wargocki
Summary: This study aimed to extend the Wells-Riley model to calculate infection risk in spaces where complete mixing is not present. By evaluating the time-dependent distribution of infectious quanta in each zone and solving the coupled system of differential equations based on the zonal quanta concentrations, a novel modeling approach was introduced. The results showed that using the Wells-Riley model based on the assumption of complete air mixing may overestimate or underestimate long-range airborne infection risk. Therefore, in assessing the airborne transmission risk of infectious respiratory diseases, a zonal modeling approach should be preferred in spaces with non-uniform air distribution compared to the conventional single-zone Wells-Riley models.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jaafar Younes, Minzhou Chen, Kamel Ghali, Risto Kosonen, Arsen K. Melikov, Nesreen Ghaddar
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Minzhou Chen, Azin Velashjerdi Farahani, Simo Kilpelainen, Risto Kosonen, Jaafar Younes, Nesreen Ghaddar, Kamel Ghali, Arsen Krikor Melikov
Summary: In this study, the thermal response of Nordic elderly people before and after using local cooling devices in warm conditions was investigated. Three types of local cooling devices were studied: a table fan, an evaporative cooling device, and an air-cooled jacket. The results showed that the local thermal sensation in the torso areas of the elderly affected their overall thermal sensation more than local thermal sensation in the extremities under warm conditions. The findings also indicated that the three local cooling devices can increase thermal acceptability under warm conditions.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lidia Morawska, William Bahnfleth, Philomena M. Bluyssen, Atze Boerstra, Giorgio Buonanno, Stephanie J. Dancer, Andres Floto, Francesco Franchimon, Charles Haworth, Jaap Hogeling, Christina Isaxon, Jose L. Jimenez, Jarek Kurnitski, Yuguo Li, Marcel Loomans, Guy Marks, Linsey C. Marr, Livio Mazzarella, Arsen Krikor Melikov, Shelly Miller, Donald K. Milton, William Nazaroff, Peter Nielsen, Catherine Noakes, Jordan Peccia, Xavier Querol, Chandra Sekhar, Olli Seppanen, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Raymond Tellier, Tham Kwok Wai, Pawel Wargocki, Aneta Wierzbicka
Summary: This is an important account of a struggle in which a group of experts came together at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to warn the world about the risk of airborne transmission and the consequences of ignoring it. Their concerns were dismissed by the World Health Organization, but later acknowledged when published in an international journal. The delay in acknowledging this issue had widespread consequences throughout the pandemic.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jaafar Younes, Minzhou Chen, Kamel Ghali, Risto Kosonen, Arsen Krikor Melikov, Azin Velashjerdi Farahani, Simo Kilpelainen, Nesreen Ghaddar
Summary: This study proposes a novel approach to refurbishing elderly houses to enhance their sustainability and heatwave resilience for low-income groups. The approach uses multi-objective optimization and autonomous control strategy to provide thermoneutral indoor conditions at a low cost. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of this strategy through a case study of a representative apartment.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ge Song, Arsen Krikor Melikov, Guoqiang Zhang, Mariya Petrova Bivolarova
Summary: A ventilated mattress was designed to improve the bed micro-environment by withdrawing polluted air and replacing it with clean air. Thermal manikin experiments showed the risk of local cooling, so the design was improved by incorporating local heating. The study found that the improved design provided acceptable thermal comfort at different room temperatures through adjustments in flow rate and local heating.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shan Zhou, Baizhan Li, Chenqiu Du, Runming Yao, Linyuan Ouyang, Haixia Zhou, Risto Kosonen, Arsen Krikor Melikov, Liangyue Shang, Hong Liu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of daily temperature changes on the thermal responses of the elderly and establishes thermal prediction models specifically for them. The findings suggest that temperature changes and neutral thermal experiences significantly influence the thermal responses of the elderly, and they exhibit different responses compared to young people.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Parth Bansal, Steven Jige Quan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between urban form and canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) using a relatively large sample of microclimate sensors in Seoul, Korea. The study compares different statistical models and finds that the spatially explicit gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model has the highest accuracy. The study also shows that the effect of urban form on CUHI varies at different time instances during the day. These findings provide valuable insights for planners to understand the complexity of urban climate and reduce CUHI magnitude.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaomiao Liu, Salah Almazmumi, Pinlu Cao, Carlos Jimenez-bescos, John Kaiser Calautit
Summary: Windcatchers provide effective low-energy ventilation and summer passive cooling in temperate climates. However, their use in winter is limited due to significant ventilation heat loss and potential discomfort. This study evaluates the applicability of windcatchers in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the need for control strategies to reduce over-ventilation and the integration of heat recovery or thermal storage to enhance winter thermal conditions.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Behrouz Nourozi, Aneta Wierzbicka, Runming Yao, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This article presents a systematic review of ventilation solutions in hospital wards, aiming to enhance pathogen removal performance while maintaining patient and healthcare staff comfort using air-cleaning techniques. The study reveals the importance of proper ventilation systems in reducing infection risk and adverse effects of cross-contamination.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Yang, Weirong Zhang, Hongkai Liu, Weijia Zhang, Mingyuan Qin
Summary: The study examines the influence of personalized local heating on the thermal comfort of occupants in old residential buildings. The findings reveal that personalized local heating can increase the overall thermal sensation of occupants, but only a few methods are effective in enhancing thermal comfort. The chosen heating methods and background temperature affect the participants' selection of heating parts.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hong Cheng, Dan Norback, Huilin Zhang, Liu Yang, Baizhan Li, Yinping Zhang, Zhuohui Zhao, Qihong Deng, Chen Huang, Xu Yang, Chan Lu, Hua Qian, Tingting Wang, Ling Zhang, Wei Yu, Juan Wang, Xin Zhang
Summary: The home environment and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in five southern Chinese cities have been studied over time. The study found a decrease in asthma prevalence and an increase in allergic rhinitis. Cockroaches, rats, mice, mosquitoes or flies were identified as consistent biological risk factors for SBS symptoms, while redecoration, buying new furniture, and traffic air pollution were identified as other risk factors.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chaojie Xing, Zhengtao Ai, Zhiwei Liu, Cheuk Ming Mak, Hai Ming Wong
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the emission characteristics of droplets around the mouth during dental treatments. The results showed that the peak mass fraction of droplets occurs within the size range of 20 μm to 100 μm, and droplets with a diameter less than 200 μm account for over 80% of the mass fraction. The dominant emission direction of droplets is towards the dummy's head and chest, forming an approximately cone shape.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Zhe Han, Lina Hu, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong
Summary: This study compared the effects of different respiratory behaviors on the distribution of aerosols in a ward and the risk of infection for healthcare workers using numerical simulation. It was found that talking in the ward significantly increased aerosol concentrations, particularly short periods of talking. Wards designed with side-supply ventilation had lower overall infection risk. Talking alternately between healthcare workers and patients slightly extended the impact time of aerosols.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Yan, Mengyuan Kang, Haodong Zhang, Zhiwei Lian, Xiaojun Fan, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Li Lan
Summary: In a high-density city, opening windows for sleep may lead to increased indoor temperature, higher PM2.5 concentration, and noise disturbance, which can negatively impact sleep quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Bai, Liang Liu, Kai Liu, Shuai Yu, Yifan Shen, Di Sun
Summary: This study developed a non-intrusive personal thermal comfort model using machine learning techniques combined with infrared facial recognition. The results showed that the ensemble learning models perform better than traditional models, and the broad learning model has a higher prediction precision with lower computational complexity and faster training speed compared to deep neural networks. The findings provide a reference for optimizing building thermal environments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Lei, Zeynep Duygu Tekler, Sicheng Zhan, Clayton Miller, Adrian Chong
Summary: Mixed-mode ventilation is a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environments. This study found that occupants can thermally adapt when switching between natural ventilation (NV) and air-conditioning (AC) modes within the same day, with the adaptation process stabilizing between 35 to 45 minutes after the mode switch. These findings are important for optimizing thermal comfort in mixed-mode controls, considering the dynamic nature of thermal adaptation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nan Mo, Jie Han, Yingde Yin, Yelin Zhang
Summary: This study develops a method based on the LCZ framework for a comprehensive evaluation of urban-scale heat island effects, considering the impact of geographic factors on LST. The results show that Guilin's geomorphological conditions lead to abnormal heat island effects during winter, and the cooling effects of mountains and water bodies vary seasonally in different built areas, with LCZ 2 exhibiting the strongest cooling effect.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: Monitoring the potential formaldehyde emission of wood-based materials through test chamber investigations has significantly contributed to reducing indoor formaldehyde concentrations. However, the different methodologies used in these procedures prevent direct result comparison. Empirical models for converting formaldehyde steady-state concentrations based on temperature, humidity, air change rate, and loading were developed in the 1970s and have been modified to accommodate the development of lower-emitting materials. Formaldehyde emissions from wood-based materials are complex and require nonlinear regression tools for mathematical analysis.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katarina Stebelova, Katarina Kovacova, Zuzana Dzirbikova, Peter Hanuliak, Tomas Bacigal, Peter Hartman, Andrea Vargova, Jozef Hraska
Summary: This study investigated the impact of reduced short-wavelength light on the hormone melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (u-sMEL) and examined the association between previous day's light exposure and u-sMEL. It was found that reducing short-wavelength light during the day did not change the concentration of u-sMEL. Personal photopic illuminance was positively correlated with u-sMEL in the reference week. The illuminance had a significant impact on u-sMEL, as shown by the evaluation of the mean of all three urine samples. However, this correlation was not found in the experimental week.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruoxin Xiong, Ying Shi, Haoming Jing, Wei Liang, Yorie Nakahira, Pingbo Tang
Summary: This study proposes a data-model integration method to identify and calibrate uncertainties in machine learning models, leading to improved thermal perception predictions. The method utilizes the Multidimensional Association Rule Mining algorithm to identify biased human responses and enhances prediction accuracy and reliability. The study also evaluates different calibration techniques and discovers their potential in enhancing prediction reliability.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Beichao Hu, Zeda Yin, Abderrachid Hamrani, Arturo Leon, Dwayne McDaniel
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative super-resolution approach to model the air flow and temperature field in the cold aisle of a data center. The proposed method reconstructs a high-fidelity flow field by using a low-fidelity flow field, significantly reducing the computational time and enabling real-time prediction.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)