Article
Biophysics
Ryan Welch, Alaina Francis, Thalia Babbage, Mandy Lardenoye, John Kolbe, Kevin Ellyett
Summary: The VBA technique described in the manuscript provides an alternative approach for determining and quantifying EFLT, potentially reducing the overestimation of EFLT degree and more accurately identifying individuals experiencing EFLT.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Johan Jakobsson, Jana De Brandt, Andre Nyberg
Summary: This study aims to compare the acute physiological responses and chronic adaptations to exercise training in people with COPD compared with people without COPD. The methodology includes a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized studies of interventions, and cross-sectional studies, with outcomes covering various aspects such as cardiorespiratory, muscular, and cognitive function.
Article
Respiratory System
Razia Zakarya, Yik L. Chan, Sandra Rutting, Karosham Reddy, Jack Bozier, Roy R. Woldhuis, Dikaia Xenaki, David Van Ly, Hui Chen, Corry-Anke Brandsma, Ian M. Adcock, Brian G. Oliver
Summary: This study aims to determine whether COPD airway smooth muscle cells have a unique epigenetic response to the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), indicating a potential link between epigenetic changes and lung fibrosis.
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew H. Ramsook, Michele R. Schaeffer, Reid A. Mitchell, Satvir S. Dhillon, Kathryn M. Milne, Olivia N. Ferguson, Joseph H. Puyat, Michael S. Koehle, A. William Sheel, Jordan A. Guenette
Summary: The study found that both females and males experience a decrease in diaphragm voluntary activation (D-VA) and transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (P-di,P-TW) after whole-body exercise, but the decrease is significantly less in females compared to males.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Richard S. Metcalfe, Brendon J. Gurd, Niels B. J. Vollaard
Summary: Previous studies have shown wide variance in changes in insulin sensitivity following exercise training, but they often neglect to account for measurement errors. This study used individual response standard deviation (SDIR) to investigate interindividual variability in insulin sensitivity outcomes after low-volume sprint interval training (SID). The results indicate meaningful individual responses to SIT, but there is uncertainty about the true interindividual differences.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
W. Eamon Callison, Melisa Kiyamu, Francisco C. Villafuerte, Tom D. Brutsaert, Daniel E. Lieberman
Summary: This study examines the role of rib movements and chest shape in ventilation during aerobic activity in high-altitude hypoxic environments. The researchers found that Quechua individuals from high-altitude environments have larger thoracic volumes and deeper chests, resulting in increased thoracic ventilation compared to lowland individuals. These findings suggest that ventilatory demand due to environment and activity has influenced the form and function of the human thorax.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Pablo Galan-Lopez, Rafael A. Casuso
Summary: In this study, the metabolic adaptations induced by morning and afternoon training were compared. It was found that afternoon exercise was more effective in reducing circulating triglyceride levels and potentially fasting blood glucose than morning training.
Review
Sport Sciences
Morten Hostrup, Jens Bangsbo
Summary: As the physical demands in football increase, clubs are seeking players with high capacity for intense exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively improves players' physical conditioning, but also increases the risk of overloading and injury. Conducting HIIT training in the weeks leading up to the season and during the season is a challenge. It is crucial to optimize and dose HIIT during these phases while considering the intensity and recovery.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alisson Henrique Marinho, Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Gislaine Cristina-Souza, Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa, Thays Ataide-Silva, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
Summary: Caffeine ingestion has an impact on cardiopulmonary responses during a maximal graded exercise test, increasing time to exhaustion and peak minute ventilation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Paula Renno Sierra, Antonio Alves Fontes-Junior, Ines Assis Paz, Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa, Leticia Aparecida da Silva Manoel, Duane Cardoso de Menezes, Vinicius Alves Rocha, Hermes Vieira Barbeiro, Heraldo Possolo de Souza, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
Summary: Inadequate nutrient intakes, such as low carbohydrate and calcium intakes, are associated with higher fat mass. High sucrose and sodium intakes are associated with elevated levels of BDNF. Adequate carbohydrate intake after exercise promotes higher levels of myostatin and musclin, while inadequate intakes lead to lower levels of IL-15 and BDNF. High cholesterol and low fiber intakes are associated with lower levels of irisin and apelin.
Review
Physiology
Gabriel Gama, Paulo Farinatti, Marcus Vinicius dos Santos Rangel, Pedro Augusto de Carvalho Mira, Mateus Camaroti Laterza, Antonio Crisafulli, Juliana Pereira Borges
Summary: Abnormalities in muscle metaboreflex contribute to exercise intolerance and greater cardiovascular risk. Exercise training can benefit neurocardiovascular function, but the role of exercise in muscle metaboreflex adaptations remains controversial. Research suggests that metaboreflex adaptations depend on individual clinical status, exercise modality, and training duration, with most trials in healthy populations negating the hypothesis of metaboreflex improvement due to chronic exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Dean Minnock, Giosue Annibalini, Giacomo Valli, Roberta Saltarelli, Mauricio Krause, Elena Barbieri, Giuseppe De Vito
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that people with type 1 diabetes have impaired skeletal muscle health, but this condition is not well characterized. This study found that a combined resistance and aerobic training intervention improved muscle function in type 1 diabetes patients, but to a lesser extent compared to healthy controls.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Heath M. Burton, Anthony S. Wolfe, Emre Vardarli, Remzi Satiroglu, Edward F. Coyle
Summary: The study found that reducing daily steps can affect acute and short-term adaptations to intense aerobic training, especially showing more pronounced effects on metabolic responses and stress reactions.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alex Buoite Stella, Milos Ajcevic, Giovanni Furlanis, Paolo Manganotti
Summary: Changes in physiological functions after spaceflight and simulated spaceflight involve various mechanisms, including microgravity, but more detailed studies on the complexity of neurophysiological systems are needed. Analysis of central nervous system changes using advanced techniques such as fMRI has shown involvement of several key areas, while studies on EEG and corticospinal excitability have yielded contrasting results. More research on somatosensory evoked potentials and peripheral nerve function during simulated microgravity may provide insights useful for space exploration and clinical applications.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Keisuke Miki, Kazuyuki Tsujino, Motonari Fukui, Mari Miki, Takamasa Kitajima, Hitoshi Sumitani, Kazuki Hashimoto, Masashi Yokoyama, Hisako Hashimoto, Takuro Nii, Takanori Matsuki, Hiroshi Kida, EPT Study Grp
Summary: This study indicates that expiratory pressure load training (EPT) can improve exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and laryngeal narrowing may be a potential treatment target. EPT not only increases endurance time and peak oxygen uptake, but also dilates the glottis and improves ventilation.