Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chongzhao You, Yumu Zhang, Youwei Xu, Peiyu Xu, Zhen Li, Huadong Li, Sijie Huang, Zecai Chen, Jingru Li, Eric Xu, Yi Jiang
Summary: Motilin is an endogenous peptide hormone that is mainly expressed in the human gastrointestinal tract. It activates the motilin receptor (MTLR), a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and promotes GI motility. This study presents the structures of MTLR bound to motilin and erythromycin, revealing the recognition mechanism of these ligands. The findings provide insights into the physiological regulation of MTLR and offer guidance for drug design targeting MTLR for the treatment of GI motility disorders.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Narihiro Toda, Takeshi Shida, Rieko Takano, Takahiro Katagiri, Masakazu Hirouchi, Manabu Abe, Kaori Soma, Yasuhiro Nakagami, Mami Yamazaki
Summary: Motilin is a gastrointestinal hormone that regulates GI motility by binding to the motilin receptor GPR38 on smooth muscle cells in the GI tract. A series of N-methylanilide derivatives were identified as novel candidates for gastrointestinal prokinetic agents.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily L. Miedzybrodzka, Rachel E. Foreman, Van B. Lu, Amy L. George, Christopher A. Smith, Richard G. Kay, Deborah A. Goldspink, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of motilin secretion in human duodenal M-cells, identifying key receptors involved in this process.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Beiwei Liang, Chunlai Li, Zhan Zhou, Yubo Xie
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydromorphone on the growth of human gastric cancer cells. The results showed that within a certain concentration range, hydromorphone can suppress the growth of human gastric cancer cells, and the inhibitory effect is enhanced with longer incubation time and higher concentrations. Hydromorphone inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer cells through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
HongYu Li, LanLan Yang, Ying Jin, ChunXiang Jin
Summary: The study demonstrates that motilin-induced relaxation of the left gastric artery (LGA) in dogs is dependent on the endothelial motilin receptor (MLNR) through the G protein-PLC-IP3 pathway and Ca2+ influx. The NOS-NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, prostacyclin, myoendothelial gap junction (MEGJ), and K+ channels (especially K-Ca) are also involved in endothelial-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takio Kitazawa, Hiroyuki Kaiya
Summary: Motilin, produced in the upper intestine, acts as an important regulator of gastrointestinal motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex in the stomach of humans, dogs, and musk shrews. It helps maintain normal GI functions and transmits hunger signals from the stomach to the brain. The structure, distribution, receptor, and regulatory function of motilin vary among vertebrates from fish to mammals.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dhiren Patel, Skaista S. Safder, Khalil El-Chammas, Prasanna Kapavarapu, Justin Wheeler, Shikib Mostamand, Julie Khlevner, Anil Darbar
Summary: This study characterized the availability and scope of pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility (PNGM) services in North America (NA). The results revealed that 54 centers in NA offer PNGM services, indicating the rapid growth of this field but with variability in distribution throughout the continent.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sabine Buhner, Stefanie Schaeuffele, Pieter Giesbertz, Ihsan Ekin Demir, Florian Zeller, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Michael Schemann, Stefanie Gilles
Summary: This study investigates the effects of aqueous pollen extracts (APE) on enteric and spinal sensory neurons. The results show that APEs from birch, ragweed, and hazel can activate neurons, suggesting a potential pathophysiological feature of allergic and non-allergic gut inflammation.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Richard R. Sadig, Alexandra Allende, Geoffrey Hall, Dinh Tran, Michele C. Madigan, Stephanie L. Watson, Kenneth G. -J. Ooi
Summary: This study identified the presence of motilin receptors in the main and accessory lacrimal gland, suggesting a potential role in the muscarinic control of tear secretion. However, the exact significance of motilin receptors in the lacrimal gland remains unclear.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel L. Cohen, Vered Richter, Irena Malikov, Anton Bermont, Haim Shirin
Summary: After attending a series of lectures on anorectal manometry, nurses showed increased knowledge and interest in performing the procedure. The majority of nurses were willing to recommend the course to others and expressed a desire to receive training in anorectal manometry.
GASTROENTEROLOGY NURSING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao-Zheng Li, Ya-Fen Wang, Yong-Shan Zheng, Ya-Li Liu, Zeng-Guang Xu, Zhan-Yun Guo
Summary: The present study found that the GHSRs of fish have different binding properties to ghrelin. The GHSRs of zebrafish and large yellow croaker have lost their binding ability to ghrelin, while the GHSR of the lobe-finned fish Latimeria chalumnae can efficiently bind to ghrelin. Instead of ghrelin, motilin is an efficient agonist for GHSR in Latimeria chalumnae. This suggests that GHSR might have two efficient agonists, ghrelin and motilin, in ancient fishes, but this feature might only be preserved in some extant fishes with ancient evolutionary origins.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Chia-Chen Ku, Kenly Wuputra, Jia-Bin Pan, Chia-Pei Li, Chung-Jung Liu, Yi-Chang Liu, Shigeo Saito, Te-Fu Chan, Chang-Shen Lin, Deng-Chyang Wu, Kazunari K. Yokoyama
Summary: There is significant cellular diversity in the human stomach, providing valuable insights into cell plasticity in normal development and tumorigenesis. This article focuses on cancer stem cells and their derived 3D organoids in culture, emphasizing the formation of stem cell niches. The role of H. p. infection and the specific markers of stomach-cancer-derived organoids induced by H. p. are also discussed.
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Zhang, Jun Zhao, Nan Hu, Jing Wang, Xi Chen, Kaiyuan Wang, Yiqing Yin
Summary: This study aimed to observe the effects of intrathecal administration of motilin on pain behavior and expression of motilin/motilin receptor (MTL/MTLR) in the spinal cord of a rat model of acute incisional pain. The results showed that MTL/MTLR are expressed in the rat spinal dorsal horn and their expression is increased in acute pain. Moreover, intrathecal injection of motilin can alleviate pain in rat models of acute incisional pain. These findings suggest that MTL/MTLR could be a novel target for the management of acute pain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Emel Ulusoy, Nur Arslan, Tuncay Kume, Ayfer Ulgenalp, Ceren Cirali, Ozlem Bozkaya, Derya Ercal
Summary: The study found that serum motilin levels decreased in constipated children compared to healthy controls, although there was no significant correlation between motilin gene polymorphisms and serum motilin levels. Further research is needed to clarify the role of motilin or motilin gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of functional constipation.
MINERVA PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Marasco, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Antonio Di Sabatino, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations, affecting gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and enteric nervous system function, leading to symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting. Liver and pancreas dysfunctions have also been described as complications of COVID-19, emphasizing its systemic multiorgan involvement.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Weigang Cai, Raj Makwana, Marilisa Straface, Armen Gharibans, Paul L. R. Andrews, Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: The mouse isolated stomach exhibited myogenic contractions that were resistant to neural activity blockade by TTX. Compounds blocking interstitial cells of Cajal activity or atropine could prevent or reduce these contractions in the presence of TTX, while neostigmine enhanced the contractions (which were antagonized by atropine), suggesting the involvement of non-neuronal acetylcholine in their regulation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: The gastrointestinal hormone motilin helps control stomach movements during hunger and promotes hunger in humans. While motilin and its receptor genes have undergone pseudonymization in rodents, some studies suggest low concentrations of motilin can still function in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system of these animals.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marilisa Straface, Marie -Ange Koussai, Raj Makwana, Ellie Crawley, Alexandra Palmer, Weigang Cai, Armen Gharibans, Miriam Adebibe, John Loy, Greg O'Grady, Paul L. R. Andrews, Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: Software was developed to measure muscle tone and parameters defining contractions in human stomach. The study found that only E-4031 and CaCC blockers influenced myogenic contractions, not muscle tone.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristina Perez-Ternero, Aisah A. Aubdool, Raj Makwana, Gareth J. Sanger, Roland H. Stimson, Li F. Chan, Amie J. Moyes, Adrian J. Hobbs
Summary: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a crucial role in lipid homeostasis and energy balance by regulating the expression of uncoupling protein-1 and lipid utilization. CNP exerts these metabolic regulatory actions by inhibiting sympathetic thermogenic programming and reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha expression, while driving adipogenesis via NPR-B/protein kinase-G.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Baidoo, Ellie Crawley, Charles H. Knowles, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: Ageing alters the total collagen content and distribution in the human colon, with a significant increase in total collagen content in the submucosa and muscularis externa of the elderly. These changes may lead to a loss of function.
Letter
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gareth J. Sanger, Paul L. R. Andrews
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raj Makwana, Ellie Crawley, Marilisa Straface, Alexandra Palmer, Armen Gharibans, Kalpana Devalia, John Loy, Greg O'Grady, Paul L. R. Andrews, Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: This study investigated the effects of vasopressin and adrenaline on human gastric muscle and found that they increase gastric muscle tone and spontaneous muscle contractions, potentially leading to nausea.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas Baidoo, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: Old age is associated with a higher incidence of lower bowel conditions such as constipation. This study assessed and compared the pattern of distribution of enteric glial cells (EGCs) in adult and elderly human colon. The results showed that aging does not result in a loss of Sox-10-IR EGCs in the myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP), but reduces S100-IR EGCs density within the musculature, which may contribute to colonic dysfunction.
Article
Cell Biology
Nicholas Baidoo, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: This study found that the total collagen content in the colonic wall, particularly in the taenia coli, increases with age. This increase may affect the tensile strength of the colon.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gareth J. Sanger, Paul L. R. Andrews
Summary: This study summarizes the drugs used to treat gastroparesis and explores the rationale behind blocking different pathways causing vomiting and increasing gastric emptying via different mechanisms. The results suggest that some drug classes lack scientific rationale for inhibiting vomiting. NK1 antagonism shows some rationale but limited efficacy against nausea. The efficacy of selective 5-HT4 agonists varies. Further research is needed to develop novel approaches targeting nausea and objective assessments of nausea.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gareth J. Sanger, Paul L. R. Andrews
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raj Makwana, Gareth J. Sanger
Summary: Interstitial cells of Cajal generate slow wave gastric electrical activity, initiating spontaneous muscle contractions. This becomes dysrhythmic during nausea when [Arg8]-vasopressin (AVP) is also released. In human stomach AVP increased spontaneous contraction activity and muscle tone, not neuronally-mediated contractions. Rodents cannot vomit, releasing the related hormone, oxytocin (OT) instead. We hypothesised that rat stomach would behave differently.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cristina Perez-Ternero, Aisah Aubdool, Raj Makwana, Gareth Sanger, Roland Stimson, Li Chan, Amie Moyes, Adrian Hobbs
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raj Makwana, Ellie Crawley, Marilisa Straface, Armen Gharibans, Kalpana Devalia, John Loy, Greg O'Grady, Paul L. R. Andrews, Gareth Sanger
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Baidoo, Gareth J. Sanger, Abi Belai
Summary: This article introduces a laboratory protocol using image analysis to quantify the collagen content in the colon. It provides a systematic and reproducible method for accurately assessing the spatial distribution and localization of collagen fibers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. The protocol is also useful for retrospective studies.