Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jianlong Yan, Yanbin Pan, Wenming Shao, Caiping Wang, Rongning Wang, Yaqiong He, Min Zhang, Yongshun Wang, Tangzhiming Li, Zhefeng Wang, Wenxing Liu, Zhenmin Wang, Xin Sun, Shaohong Dong
Summary: This study found that propionate can improve vascular calcification by regulating the intestinal microbiota. The results of the observational cohort study showed that the levels of propionate in both blood and faecal samples were negatively correlated with vascular calcification. Animal experiments confirmed that propionate supplementation can reshape the intestinal microbiota, increase SCFA production, improve intestinal barrier function, alleviate inflammation, and ultimately ameliorate vascular calcification.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anthony D. Pisaniello, Peter J. Psaltis, Peta M. King, Ge Liu, Robert A. Gibson, Joanne Tm Tan, MyNgan Duong, Tracy Nguyen, Christina A. Bursill, Matthew Worthley, Stephen J. Nicholls, Belinda A. Di Bartolo
Summary: The study demonstrates that EPA supplementation is more effective than DHA in reducing acute and chronic vascular inflammation, providing a rationale for the cardiovascular benefit observed with high-dose omega-3 fatty acid administration.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gherardo Finocchiaro, Davide Radaelli, Stefano D'Errico, Michael Papadakis, Elijah R. Behr, Sanjay Sharma, Joseph Westaby, Mary N. Sheppard
Summary: This study investigated the causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in adolescents and found that the most common autopsy finding was structurally normal heart, indicative of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Among young athletes, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery anomalies, and commotio cordis were more common causes of SCD.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ghada Ismail, Randa Abo El Naga, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Jana Jabbour, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
Summary: Around one third of products in the Egyptian market have a high TFA content, especially traditional meat products and fried foods with used oils.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Teresa Oliveras, Iolanda Lazaro, Ferran Rueda, German Cediel, Deepak L. Bhatt, Montserrat Fito, Francisco Madrid-Gambin, Oscar J. Pozo, William S. Harris, Cosme Garcia-Garcia, Aleix Sala-Vila, Antoni Bayes-Genis
Summary: This study found that levels of linoleic acid (LA) in serum phospholipids are associated with susceptibility to primary ventricular fibrillation (PVF). PVF patients had lower levels of LA. Each one standard deviation increase in the proportion of LA was associated with a 42% lower prevalence of PVF.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junichi Sugita, Katsuhito Fujiu, Yukiteru Nakayama, Takumi Matsubara, Jun Matsuda, Tsukasa Oshima, Yuxiang Liu, Yujin Maru, Eriko Hasumi, Toshiya Kojima, Hiroshi Seno, Keisuke Asano, Ayumu Ishijima, Naoki Tomii, Masatoshi Yamazaki, Fujimi Kudo, Ichiro Sakuma, Ryozo Nagai, Ichiro Manabe, Issei Komuro
Summary: It has been demonstrated that cardiac resident macrophages are crucial regulators of cardiac impulse conduction through the production of Amphiregulin, contributing significantly to the prevention of sudden death.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ornella Selmin, Andreas J. Papoutsis, Sabine Hazan, Christopher Smith, Nick Greenfield, Micah G. Donovan, Spencer N. Wren, Thomas C. Doetschman, Justin M. Snider, Ashley J. Snider, Sherry H-H Chow, Donato F. Romagnolo
Summary: This study compared the effects of a typical Western diet and a soybean oil-rich n-6HFD on gut inflammation and microbiome using a mouse model. The results showed that n-6HFD induced colonic inflammation and altered gut bacterial composition, promoting the growth of proinflammatory bacteria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carina A. Valenzuela, Ella J. Baker, Camila O. De Souza, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder
Summary: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are key factors in atherosclerosis development. This study compared the effects of industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids on endothelial cells, finding that ruminant TFAs like TVA have anti-inflammatory properties while industrial TFAs like EA enhance inflammatory responses.
Article
Cell Biology
Jingang Hou, Yeejin Yun, Changhao Cui, Sunchang Kim
Summary: The study found that ginsenoside Rh2 can reduce the cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin (Dox) by inhibiting cardiac histopathological changes, apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation. Rh2 also attenuates pathological remodeling by reducing fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT) and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Dox treatment predominantly targets cell cycle and microtubule attachment, while Rh2 regulates these effects. Interestingly, Rh2 also attenuates fibrosis by promoting senescence in myofibroblasts and reversing established myofibroblast differentiation in EndMT.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Li Fan, Ping Yin, Zuojun Xu
Summary: Sudden death in young adults can result from genetic and environmental factors, requiring an understanding of genetic etiology for prevention. The causes of sudden death are complex and varied, with genetic risk factors playing a significant role.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michele Matta, Inge Huybrechts, Carine Biessy, Corinne Casagrande, Sahar Yammine, Agnes Fournier, Karina Standahl Olsen, Marco Lukic, Inger Torhild Gram, Eva Ardanaz, Maria-Jose Sanchez, Laure Dossus, Renee T. Fortner, Bernard Srour, Franziska Jannasch, Matthias B. Schulze, Pilar Amiano, Antonio Agudo, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, J. Ramon Quiros, Rosario Tumino, Salvatore Panico, Giovanna Masala, Valeria Pala, Carlotta Sacerdote, Anne Tjonneland, Anja Olsen, Christina C. Dahm, Ann H. Rosendahl, Signe Borgquist, Maria Wennberg, Alicia K. Heath, Dagfinn Aune, Julie Schmidt, Elisabete Weiderpass, Veronique Chajes, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy
Summary: This study found that higher dietary intakes of trans fatty acids, especially industrial trans fatty acids, were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among over 318,000 women. This association was consistent across menopausal status, body mass index, and breast cancer subtypes. Further mechanistic studies are needed to explore the underlying biological pathways.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hanna-Kaisa Nordenswan, Pauli Poyhonen, Jukka Lehtonen, Kaj Ekstrom, Valtteri Uusitalo, Meri Niemela, Tapani Vihinen, Kari Kaikkonen, Petri Haataja, Tuomas Kerola, Tuomas T. Rissanen, Aleksi Alatalo, Paivi Pietila-Effati, Markku Kupari
Summary: Current guidelines for ICD implantation in patients with clinically manifest CS do not effectively distinguish a truly low-risk group, as the 5-year risk of SCD approaches 5% even in the absence of ICD indications. Further research is needed to investigate prognostic factors, including the role of diagnostic histology. In the meantime, all patients with CS presenting with clinical cardiac manifestations should be considered for ICD implantation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew E. Radbill, Lucy Y. Lei, Sachin Y. Paranjape, Daniel J. Blackwell, Robert L. Abraham, Derek S. Chew, Satish R. Raj, Bjorn C. Knollmann
Summary: This study aimed to assess rate-dependence of clinical surrogates of contractility and repolarization in humans with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Findings show that rapid pacing trains triggered ventricular ectopy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, but not controls. However, there were no significant differences observed in surrogate measures for cardiac contractility, suggesting that altered length-dependent myofilament activation may not have significant clinical implications in these patients.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tian Li, Qin Guo, Yang Qu, Hongzhi Liu, Li Liu, Yu Zhang, Qiang Wang
Summary: The inhibitory effect of trans-resveratrol (trans-Res) on the formation of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in peanut oil (PO) through thermal isomerization has been investigated. It was found that trans-Res effectively reduced the formation of TFAs by inhibiting the formation of C18:2 and C18:1 through proton transfer isomerism. The active reaction site of trans-Res preferentially interacted with the allyl groups in PO, leading to higher energy barriers and lower reaction rates, which resulted in the reduction of TFAs formation.