Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kornelius Zeth, Enea Sancho-Vaello
Summary: The human cathelicidin LL-37 is a versatile peptide with antimicrobial activity, playing a crucial role in targeting microorganisms. Recent structural studies have revealed the diversity and adaptability of LL-37 in interacting with lipid-like molecules. Complexes of LL-37 with detergents provide insights into mimicking lipids and inducing oligomerization and fibrillation, opening avenues for designing LL-37-derived peptides with enhanced antibiotic properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Jiang, Chenguang Yang, Jie Qiu, Dongfei Ma, Cheng Xu, Shuxin Hu, Weijing Han, Bing Yuan, Ying Lu
Summary: LL-37 is able to induce specific permeability of a phosphoethanolamine-rich mitochondrial membrane in a protein-independent manner, offering an alternative pathway for LL-37-triggered mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oriana Simonetti, Oscar Cirioni, Gaia Goteri, Guendalina Lucarini, Elzbieta Kamysz, Wojciech Kamysz, Fiorenza Orlando, Giulio Rizzetto, Elisa Molinelli, Gianluca Morroni, Roberto Ghiselli, Mauro Provinciali, Andrea Giacometti, Annamaria Offidani
Summary: LL-37 has a potential future role in the management of infected wounds, promoting wound healing and angiogenesis.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yingxia Zhang, Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana, Qianhui Wu, Xiangli Dang, Guangshun Wang
Summary: The innate immune system in humans is crucial for protection from infections, with the cathelicidin LL-37 playing a key role. The SK-24 peptide, derived from LL-37, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against bacterial membranes, potentially making it a valuable therapeutic template for human antimicrobial defense.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanna Tokajuk, Piotr Deptula, Ewelina Piktel, Tamara Daniluk, Sylwia Chmielewska, Tomasz Wollny, Przemyslaw Wolak, Krzysztof Fiedoruk, Robert Bucki
Summary: The mechanisms for maintaining oral cavity homeostasis are influenced by environmental factors, and the oral microbiota and immune molecules play important roles. The LL-37 peptide is involved in maintaining microbial balance and is associated with the development of oral pathologies and systemic diseases.
Article
Immunology
Karina N. Latsko, Andrew T. Jacob, Nathan A. Junod, Caitlin E. Haas, Katelyn R. Castiglia, Sydney R. Kastelitz, Elise R. Huffman, Michael P. Trombley, Christopher C. Stobart
Summary: This study evaluates the susceptibility of RSV to LL-37 and various hBDs, discovering that LL-37 and hBD-3 can effectively inactivate RSV in a dose-dependent and strain-independent manner.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz Wollny, Urszula Wnorowska, Ewelina Piktel, Lukasz Suprewicz, Grzegorz Krol, Katarzyna Gluszek, Stanislaw Gozdz, Janusz Kopczynski, Robert Bucki
Summary: The role of inflammation in bladder cancer development is still unclear. This study investigates the potential role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a regulator of cellular processes in inflammation and cancer, and its effect on the expression of human cathelicidin (hCAP-18). The study suggests that S1P may promote bladder cancer development by stimulating the expression of hCAP-18.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hamed Memariani, Mojtaba Memariani
Summary: Despite continuous efforts to develop effective antibiofilm chemotherapeutics, biofilm-associated infections remain a challenging issue in medicine. The human cathelicidin LL-37 has shown promise in treating such infectious diseases due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory properties. This paper aims to comprehensively review the antibiofilm effects of LL-37. Accumulating evidence suggests that LL-37 is able to prevent biofilm establishment by various bacterial pathogens, and it functions through mechanisms such as inhibiting bacterial adhesion and degrading biofilm matrix. However, more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in vivo.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fatai Lu, Yingkang Zhu, Guodong Zhang, Zunpeng Liu
Summary: This article discusses the diverse effects of antimicrobial peptide LL37 in host defense, including antibacterial properties, tissue repair, and inflammatory responses, and explores its complex role in promoting or inhibiting tumor growth. The strategies to enhance delivery of this peptide and selectivity for cancer cells are also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Piotr Kolesinski, Kuei-Chen Wang, Yujiro Hirose, Victor Nizet, Partho Ghosh
Summary: This study revealed the specific binding mechanism between the Streptococcus pyogenes M protein and the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, providing important insights into the drug resistance of streptococcus.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chih-Chin Shih, Wei-Chieh Liao, Hung-Yen Ke, Chia-Wen Kuo, Cheng-Ming Tsao, Wen-Chiuan Tsai, Yi-Lin Chiu, Hsieh-Chou Huang, Chin-Chen Wu
Summary: Global warming increases the incidence of heat stroke, which leads to intestinal barrier disruption, microbial translocation, systemic inflammation, and multiple organ failure. Cathelicidin LL-37 has protective effects on the intestine and could prevent heat stress-induced intestinal damage and heat-related illnesses.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Gladys Pinilla, Yenifer Tatiana Coronado, Gabriel Chaves, Liliana Munoz, Jeannette Navarrete, Luz Mary Salazar, Carlos Pelleschi Taborda, Julian E. Munoz
Summary: Fungal infections have become a major problem in immunosuppressed or ICU patients, and the resistance of fungi to conventional antifungal treatments is increasing. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of LL-37 analogue peptides against Candida spp. The results suggest that LL37-1 and AC-2 have the best inhibitory effect on Candida strains.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
William F. Porto, Sergio A. Alencar
Summary: Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37, are important host defense peptides with various activities. We investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-driven point mutations on LL-37 structure and activity. Our results suggest that while the mutations had minimal impact on LL-37 activity, some mutations could reduce its antimicrobial activity and alter its structure.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ana Vera-Cruz, Nongnuj Tanphaichitr, Jonathan B. Angel
Summary: LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, shows potential as an anti-HIV agent by inhibiting HIV infection in primary T cells and exerting inhibitory effects on key HIV enzymes. It also has immunomodulatory properties and the ability to kill other sexually-transmitted pathogens and has spermicidal activity, making it a good candidate for multipurpose prevention technology. Further research on its anti-HIV activity is needed.
CLINICAL AND INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Debabrata Biswas, Poornima Ambalavanan, Miriam Ravins, Aparna Anand, Abhinay Sharma, Kimberly Xuan Zhen Lim, Rachel Ying Min Tan, Hwee Ying Lim, Asaf Sol, Gilad Bachrach, Veronique Angeli, Emanuel Hanski
Summary: Research has shown that Group A Streptococcus can resist host immune responses by cleaving the host's antimicrobial peptide LL-37, leading to soft-tissue infections. Furthermore, the activation of host receptors mediated by LL-37 is critical for defense against GAS infections.
Article
Dermatology
M. Oymanns, A. Kreuter, C. Assaf
Summary: This case illustrates the potential benefit of using anakinra in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum concurrently with local suppurative disease.
Article
Dermatology
Ulrike Wieland, Alexander Kreuter
Summary: HPV infections are common and can lead to various benign and malignant lesions. Germany recommends gender-neutral HPV vaccination between the ages of 9 and 14 to prevent anogenital dysplasias and cancers, as well as anogenital warts.
Article
Dermatology
S. A. Braun, S. Silling, S. M. Schloer, S. C. Hofmann, B. Fritzen, F. Oellig, P. Lehmann, B. Homey, C. Assaf, S. Emmert, R. Foelster-Holst, C. Tigges, U. Wieland, A. Kreuter
Summary: In this study, it was found that anogenital warts in 5- to 12-year-old children are often associated with cutaneous HPV types, possibly due to horizontal transmission. HPV typing, in addition to comprehensive clinical and psychosocial evaluation, can potentially help in the assessment of these cases.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
R. Rezazadegan, B. Koushk-Jalali, T. Kuntz, F. Oellig, C. Tigges, A. Kreuter
Summary: SCLE is a subtype of cutaneous lupus erythematosus characterized by high photosensitivity, specific skin lesions, presence of antibodies, and mild systemic involvement. It can be triggered by factors such as UV light, smoking, and drugs, and has been increasingly associated with malignant diseases in recent studies.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR RHEUMATOLOGIE
(2021)
Letter
Dermatology
A. Kreuter, B. Koushk-Jalali, F. Oellig, C. Tigges
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Christina Bergmann, Ludwig Hallenberger, Sara Chenguiti Fakhouri, Benita Merlevede, Amelie Brandt, Clara Dees, Honglin Zhu, Ariella Zehender, Xiang Zhou, Annemarie Schwab, Chih-Wei Chen, Andrea Hermina Gyorfi, Alexandru Emil Matei, Debomita Chakraborty, Thuong Trinh-Minh, Simon Rauber, Roland Coras, Aline Bozec, Alexander Kreuter, Mirjana Ziemer, Georg Schett, Joerg H. W. Distler
Summary: XIAP plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis by modulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote fibrosis. Targeted inactivation of XIAP can effectively inhibit the aberrant activation of fibroblasts in murine models of SSc.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Dermatology
A. Bramhoff, A. Kreuter, A. Paschos, S. C. Hofmann, U. Wesselmann, P. Lehmann
Letter
Genetics & Heredity
Christian Schwarm, Damian Gola, Maike M. Holtsche, Anabelle Dieterich, Anita Bhandari, Miriam Freitag, Peter Nuernberg, Mohammad Toliat, Wolfgang Lieb, Michael Wittig, Andre Franke, Margitta Worm, Michael Sticherling, Jan Ehrchen, Claudia Guenther, Regine Glaeser, Wiebke K. Peitsch, Miklos Sardy, Ruediger Eming, Michael Hertl, Sandrine Benoit, Matthias Goebeler, Claudia Pfoehler, Manfred Kunz, Alexander Kreuter, Nina van Beek, Jeanette Erdmann, Hauke Busch, Detlef Zillikens, Christian D. Sadik, Misa Hirose, Inke R. Koenig, Enno Schmidt, Saleh M. Ibrahim
Summary: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is characterized by autoimmunity against certain proteins, and the strongest association in Germans was found in the HLA loci HLA-DQA1*05:05 and HLA-DRB1*07:01. Further research with larger sample sizes and integrating multiple pathogenic factors is planned.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Henner Stege, Maximilian Haist, Michael Schultheis, Maria Isabel Fleischer, Peter Mohr, Friedegund Meier, Dirk Schadendorf, Selma Ugurel, Elisabeth Livingstone, Lisa Zimmer, Rudolf Herbst, Claudia Pfoehler, Katharina Kaehler, Michael Weichenthal, Patrick Terheyden, Dorothee Nashan, Dirk Debus, Martin Kaatz, Fabian Ziller, Sebastian Haferkamp, Andrea Forschner, Ulrike Leiter, Alexander Kreuter, Jens Ulrich, Johannes Kleemann, Fabienne Bradfisch, Stephan Grabbe, Carmen Loquai
Summary: The introduction of BRAF/MEK-directed targeted therapy has significantly improved the management of BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma patients. Some patients achieve durable complete response to the therapy, but it is unclear whether it is safe to discontinue treatment. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment cessation in these patients.
Editorial Material
Dermatology
Sven-Niklas Burmann, Sara Lausch, Frank Oellig, Alena-Lioba Michalowitz, Alexander Kreuter
Article
Dermatology
H. J. C. de Vries, A. Nori, H. Kiellberg Larsen, A. Kreuter, V Padovese, S. Pallawela, M. Vall-Mayans, J. Ross
Summary: This guideline provides guidance on the diagnosis and management of proctitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. It emphasizes the need for clinical diagnosis based on symptoms and signs, and the importance of laboratory tests for definitive diagnosis. The guideline also highlights the increasing incidence of certain infections in specific populations and the necessity of considering traumatic causes in sexually active patients.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Kreuter, Bijan Koushk-Jalali
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Peter Mohr, Emilie Scherrer, Chalid Assaf, Marc Bender, Carola Berking, Sheenu Chandwani, Thomas Eigentler, Imke Grimmelmann, Ralf Gutzmer, Sebastian Haferkamp, Jessica C. Hassel, Axel Hauschild, Rudolf Herbst, Ruixuan Jiang, Katharina C. Kaehler, Clemens Krepler, Alexander Kreuter, Ulrike Leiter, Carmen Loquai, Friedegund Meier, Claudia Pfoehler, Anja Rudolph, Dirk Schadendorf, Maximo Schiavone, Gaston Schley, Patrick Terheyden, Selma Ugurel, Jens Ulrich, Jochen Utikal, Carsten Weishaupt, Julia Welzel, Michael Weichenthal
Summary: This study investigated the outcomes and surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. The findings support the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in real-world clinical practice, with real-world time to next treatment showing the highest correlation with OS. Evaluating time to next treatment in real-world studies could support decision making in clinical and payer settings.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexander Kreuter, Gerhard Weyandt, Ulrike Wieland
Summary: HPV infections, common in sexually transmitted cases, include Alpha genus HPV types causing anogenital infections and low-risk types causing condylomata acuminata. High-risk HPV types induce high-grade anal dysplasia, which should be treated gently and effectively. Prophylactic HPV vaccination can prevent condylomata acuminata and anal dysplasia.
Article
Immunology
Alexander Kreuter, Frank Oellig, Thomas Kuntz, Alexandros Paschos, Steffi Silling, Baki Akguel, Ulrike Wieland
Summary: Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a rare, benign vascular malformation induced by abnormal lymphatic vessels of the skin. It is predominantly located on the trunk, buttock, axillary region, or thighs, with penile LC being rare. This case report describes a patient with acquired LC associated with high-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia induced by human papillomavirus type 66. Electrocautery should be considered as a first choice for treatment of LC located at surgically challenging regions such as the glans penis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS
(2021)