Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriele Karger, Julius Berger, Ralf Dringen
Summary: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of all cells, while creatine phosphate (CrP) facilitates rapid regeneration of ATP. Astrocyte-rich cultures contain ATP, ADP, and AMP, which establish an adenylate energy charge. The decline in CrP levels always precedes that of ATP contents during glucose deprivation.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Donnell White, Qinglin Yang
Summary: ATP is the primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells, produced by mitochondria and cytosolic glycolysis. Mitochondria produce most cellular ATP under normal oxygen conditions, while cytosolic glycolysis plays a major role in proliferating cells or hypoxic conditions. Under pathological conditions, ATP demand increases, affecting the function and communication of mitochondria and cytosolic glycolysis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Max-Hinderk Schuler, Alyssa M. English, Tianyao Xiao, Thane J. Campbell, Janet M. Shaw, Adam L. Hughes
Summary: Amino acids are crucial for cellular function, but elevated levels can lead to cellular toxicity. The mitochondrial-derived compartment (MDC) has been identified as a protective mechanism against amino acid stress, promoting amino acid catabolism and maintaining homeostasis through nutrient transporter remodeling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicoleta Anghel, Joachim Mueller, Mauro Serricchio, Jennifer Jelk, Peter Buetikofer, Ghalia Boubaker, Dennis Imhof, Jessica Ramseier, Oksana Desiatkina, Emilia Paunescu, Sophie Braga-Lagache, Manfred Heller, Julien Furrer, Andrew Hemphill
Summary: The study investigated a novel ruthenium complex conjugated to 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenine as a potential treatment against Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma brucei. Proteins binding to the complex were identified using differential affinity chromatography followed by shotgun-mass spectrometry. The complex induced distinct ultrastructural modifications in the mitochondrion of the parasites, showing promising potential as a new treatment option.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Harpreet Shinhmar, Jaimie Hoh Kam, John Mitrofanis, Chris Hogg, Glen Jeffery
Summary: This study reveals daily shifts in whole animal ATP production, with a marked peak in the morning and lower levels in the afternoon and night. The findings suggest that long wavelength light can improve ATP production, but only at specific times.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Thomas Clayton, Kenichi Ode
Summary: The mechanism of action of general anaesthetic drugs is not fully understood. It was initially believed that disruption to neuronal cell membrane's lipid bilayer explained the anaesthetic actions of inhaled ether, but current understanding is that general anaesthetic drugs act on specific ion channels within neuronal cell membranes. Popular anaesthetic medications activate GABAA receptors and block NMDA receptors, resulting in central nervous system depression. Different variants of GABAA receptor subunits are affected by various anaesthetic agents.
ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peng Zhang, Xinjie Guo, Jian Gao, Haihong Liu, Chenyang Wan, Jiajia Li, Qian Zhang, Yuqing Song, Caifeng Ding
Summary: The sensitive receptor Mito-VP, utilizing the TICT framework, targets mitochondrial ATP metabolism by monitoring Pi levels, providing an efficient tool for tracking mitochondrial health. Responsive fluorescence illumination and capturing of the two steps of ATP hydrolysis help understand the role of energy metabolism at the cellular and organism levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Algieri, Chiara Bernardini, Fabiana Trombetti, Elisa Schena, Augusta Zannoni, Monica Forni, Salvatore Nesci
Summary: LMNA mutation is associated with FPLD2, a disease characterized by abnormal body fat accumulation. The mutation impairs cell metabolism, particularly ATP production and glycolysis. However, the impact of the mutation on mitochondrial ATP production is greater than on ATP consumption.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chithravel Vadivalagan, Anand Krishnan, Siang-Jyun Chen, You-Cheng Hseu, Sathish Muthu, Rajib Dhar, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: Osteoporosis is a common disease in elderly people and currently lacks effective treatment options. Women after menopause are particularly prone to osteoporosis, and hormone-related pathways are considered important in combating the disease. Energy metabolism plays a key role in the development of osteoporosis, and understanding the energy pathways associated with the disease can provide clues for the development of treatment strategies.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David W. Wolff, Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia, Mikhail A. Nikiforov
Summary: Inhibition of enzymes involved in GTP biosynthesis has significant effects on biological processes. However, our understanding of the regulation of GTP metabolism and its role in cellular processes is incomplete. Novel methodologies have provided insights into the distribution and function of GTP molecules. This review analyzes recent discoveries in GTP metabolism and evaluates key enzymes as molecular targets.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuru Zong, Xuliang Wang, Bing Cui, Xiaowei Xiong, Andrew Wu, Chunru Lin, Yaohua Zhang
Summary: Non-coding RNAs, including lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs, have been extensively studied in various fields, and their roles in metabolism, particularly glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, are summarized in this article. The mechanisms involved in these processes are discussed, along with the therapeutic advances for non-coding RNAs in obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic diseases. Overall, non-coding RNAs are indispensable in metabolism and hold potential as therapeutic targets in the future.
Article
Toxicology
Sylvia E. Escher, Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco, Emilio Benfenati, Annette Bitsch, Thomas Braunbeck, Katharina Brotzmann, Frederic Bois, Bart van der Burg, Jose Castel, Thomas Exner, Domenico Gadaleta, Iain Gardner, Daria Goldmann, Oliver Hatley, Nazanin Golbamaki, Rabea Graepel, Paul Jennings, Alice Limonciel, Anthony Long, Richard Maclennan, Enrico Mombelli, Ulf Norinder, Sankalp Jain, Liliana Santos Capinha, Olivier T. Taboureau, Laia Tolosa, Nanette G. Vrijenhoek, Barbara M. A. Van Vugt-Lussenburg, Paul Walker, Bob van de Water, Matthias Wehr, Andrew White, Barbara Zdrazil, Ciaran Fisher
Summary: Read-across approaches may not provide sufficient evidence on a common mode of action across category members. A case study on branched aliphatic carboxylic acids shows the potential to induce hepatic steatosis. By analyzing gene expression patterns and adverse outcome pathways, researchers were able to confirm biological similarity and design an in vitro testing battery to systematically investigate a common mode of action among the compounds.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Andrea D. Rivera, Irene Chacon-De-La-Rocha, Francesca Pieropan, Maria Papanikolau, Kasum Azim, Arthur M. Butt
Summary: White matter in the human brain is comprised of bundles of myelinated axons formed by oligodendrocytes, essential for rapid neuronal communication. Oligodendrocytes are continuously generated by precursor cells throughout life, ensuring myelination of new neuronal connections for learning and cognitive function. However, age-related decline in myelination is associated with loss of neuronal function, cognitive decline, and failure of myelin regeneration. Dysregulation of neuronal signalling and OPC metabolic function may contribute to these changes in ageing OPCs. Purine signalling, GPR17, and P2X7 receptor subtype may play important roles in regulating OPC self-renewal and metabolism in age-related neuropathology. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to promote repair in age-related neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Shu Yang, Masato Ooka, Ryan Jared Margolis, Menghang Xia
Summary: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a common reason for drug withdrawal. High-throughput screening using in vitro liver models is crucial for early-stage liver toxicity testing. Traditional monolayer-cultured liver cells may not accurately mimic the in vivo condition and may not be suitable for identifying chronic and recurring liver damage.
CELL REPORTS METHODS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sunil Nath
Summary: Through the application of mathematical graph theory methods, the coupling mechanisms of oxidation and ATP synthesis in cellular metabolism are represented and analyzed as graphs, providing a solution to a fundamental problem in biology.
THEORY IN BIOSCIENCES
(2022)