Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martha B. Alvarez-Elizondo, Daphne Weihs
Summary: In this study, the invasiveness of CD44(+)ALDH(+) cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) was investigated using a rapid mechanobiology-based assay. It was found that CD44(+)ALDH(+) cells showed higher invasiveness and migratory capacity, suggesting their potential role in disease progression and as prognostic markers for recurrence and metastasis.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Maxim Olsson, Peter Larsson, Junko Johansson, Vasu R. Sah, Toshima Z. Parris
Summary: This study revealed the enrichment of potentially treatment-resistant cancer stem cell subpopulations in the M and BL2 triple-negative breast cancer subtypes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Xinbo Qiao, Yixiao Zhang, Lisha Sun, Qingtian Ma, Jie Yang, Liping Ai, Jinqi Xue, Guanglei Chen, Hao Zhang, Ce Ji, Xi Gu, Haixin Lei, Yongliang Yang, Caigang Liu
Summary: The study found that a higher frequency of CD44(-)/CD24(-) breast cancer cells was associated with delayed breast cancer metastasis, and that RHBDL2 may play a role in breast cancer metastasis and CSC formation.
Review
Oncology
Olivia L. Walker, Margaret L. Dahn, Melanie R. Power Coombs, Paola Marcato
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance. In breast cancer, there are two distinct CSC populations with similar properties but different signaling pathways. Understanding these CSC populations and their signaling pathways may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for improving breast cancer patient outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Meng Pan, Miao Li, Mei Guo, Huiying Zhou, Hui Xu, Fengshu Zhao, Feng Mei, Rui Xue, Jun Dou
Summary: The study demonstrated the regulatory relationship between ALDH1A3, miR-7, and CD44 in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), revealing the presence of an ALDH1A3-miR-7-TGFBR2-Smad3-CD44 axis in MDA-MB-231 cells and other breast cancer cell lines. This regulatory axis efficiently inhibited CD44 expression and may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruizhi Geng, Niklas Harland, Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro, Falko Fend, Wilhelm K. Aicher, Arnulf Stenzl, Bastian Amend
Summary: In this study, it was found through experiments that the expression of CD24 in bladder cancer cell organoids may serve as an indicator for the prolonged proliferation potential of the cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Eriko Nakagomi, Tetuo Mikami, Kimihiko Funahashi, Shinichi Okazumi, Kazutoshi Shibuya, Nobuyuki Hiruta, Yoshinori Igarashi
Summary: This study found that the expression of CSC markers CD133, CD44v9, and ALDH1A1 was higher in both sporadic and UC-associated colorectal tumors. ALDH1A1 expression was higher in the right colon of sporadic cancer and in those with longer disease duration of UC-associated cancer. CD44+/CD133-regions were commonly associated with low apoptosis in both sporadic and UC-associated cancers, indicating them as target areas for CSCs. The combination of CSC markers may differ between sporadic and UC-associated cancers.
HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jing Li Huang, Masanori Oshi, Itaru Endo, Kazuaki Takabe
Summary: Clinically, patients with high CD24 expression in colorectal cancer tumors have better disease-specific and overall survival rates, and tumors with high CD133, CD24, and CD44 expression are associated with increased EGFR, KRAS, and Ki67 expression. Moreover, CD133-high/CD24-low tumors show potential for predicting worse prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Mariana Lopez Flores, Emiliano Honrado Franco, Luis Felipe Sanchez Cousido, Carlos Minguito-Carazo, Oscar Sanz Guadarrama, Laura Lopez Gonzalez, Maria Eva Vallejo Pascual, Antonio Jose Molina de la Torre, Andres Garcia Palomo, Ana Lopez Gonzalez
Summary: The study found that the expression of ALDH1A1 in breast cancer is related to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1 expression, and treatment response, which may have a significant impact on the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiufen Zhuang, Guilan Shi, Xiao Hu, Huiru Wang, Wen Sun, Yanhong Wu
Summary: This study aimed to propose a potential strategy for breast cancer by studying the effects of T cells and interferon-gamma on breast cancer stem cells. The results showed that CD8(+) T cells and interferon-gamma can decrease the number of breast cancer stem cells.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Eric Gyan, William K. B. A. Owiredu, Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, Andrew M. Jackson, Andrew R. Green, Ganiyu A. Rahman
Summary: Breast cancer stem cells exhibit racial variations in expression patterns and clinical features, with CD44+/CD24-/low being associated with TNBC/Basal like phenotype across all races. ALDH1, the most studied breast CSC marker, is linked to poor clinicopathological features. Further research is needed to better understand the racial differences in breast cancer stem cells.
Review
Oncology
Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad, Negar Hosseinkhani, Zahra Asadzadeh, Afshin Derakhshani, Noora Karim Ahangar, Nima Hemmat, Parisa Lotfinejad, Oronzo Brunetti, Nicola Silvestris, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: CD44 and CD44(+)CD24(-/low) phenotype are associated with poor prognosis in TNBC patients, and these cancer stem cell markers are linked to advanced tumor stage, size, grade, metastasis, and lymphatic involvement in TNBC patients. Additionally, chemoradiotherapy-treated TNBC patients show an upregulation of CD44(+)CD24(-/low) phenotype, which inversely correlates with androgen receptor (AR) and leads to inferior prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matias Blomqvist, Ilmari Koskinen, Eliisa Loyttyniemi, Tuomas Mirtti, Peter J. Bostrom, Pekka Taimen
Summary: In bladder cancer patients, the stem cell markers ALDH1, SOX2, and SSEA-4 show little prognostic or predictive value, with weak or negative cytoplasmic SOX2 staining being associated with lymphovascular invasion and cancer-specific survival but not significantly.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fei Liao, Jing Zhang, Yangyang Hu, Alireza Hassani Najafabadi, James J. Moon, Max S. Wicha, Bashir Kaspo, Joel Whitfield, Alfred E. Chang, Qiao Li
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of targeting ALDH(high) CSCs using antigenic peptides derived from ALDH, and the enhanced efficacy achieved by combining the vaccine with anti-PD-L1 treatment.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiping Feng, Marisa E. Hom, Thomas E. Bearrood, Zachary C. Rosenthal, Daniel Fernandez, Alison E. Ondrus, Yuchao Gu, Aaron K. McCormick, Madeline G. Tomaske, Cody R. Marshall, Toni Kline, Che-Hong Chen, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Calvin J. Kuo, James K. Chen
Summary: Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are potential cancer drug targets, specifically certain isoforms essential for the survival of stem-like tumor cells. Selective inhibitors of ALDH1B1 have been identified, an enzyme essential for promoting colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Bicyclic imidazoliums and guanidines that target the ALDH1B1 active site have been described, with comparable molecular interactions and potencies. These inhibitors effectively suppress ALDH1B1 function in cells, with guanidines avoiding off-target mitochondrial toxicity observed with imidazoliums. A lead isoform-selective guanidinyl antagonist of ALDHs demonstrates proteome-wide target specificity and selectively hinders the growth of colon cancer spheroids and organoids. The ALDH1B1-dependent transcriptome, involving genes regulating mitochondrial metabolism and ribosomal function, has been elucidated through genetic and chemical perturbations. The importance of ALDH1B1 in colorectal cancer is supported, offering molecular probes for ALDH1B1 studies and potential leads for targeted therapies.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Chao Wang, Julia Y. Tsang, Ivan K. Poon, Yan Shao, Joshua J. Li, Ka-Ho Shea, Thazin Hlaing, Sio-In Wong, Gary M. Tse
Summary: This study aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of uncommon HER2 in situ hybridization patterns in cancer, with typical amplified and non-amplified cases. The findings revealed some similarities among different HER2 categorization groups, supporting the classification approach in the latest guideline.
CLINICAL BREAST CANCER
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Joshua J. X. Li, Joanna K. M. Ng, Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri, Ronald C. K. Chan, Ivan K. Poon, Julia Y. Tsang, Gary M. Tse
Summary: This study investigates the predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and clinical parameters in assessing the primary sites of metastatic carcinomas with papillary architecture. The results show that cytological features, IHC, and clinical information are invaluable in determining the primary site.
Article
Oncology
Priscilla Ming Yi Lee, Chi-Hei Kwok, Yee-Kei Tsoi, Cherry Wu, Sze -Hong Law, Koon-Ho Tsang, Yiu-Cheong Yeung, W. C. Chan, Gary M. Tse, Karen Ka -Wan Yuen, Ray Ka Wai Hung, Feng Wang, Lap Ah Tse
Summary: The consumption of cured meat is positively associated with the risk of breast cancer, particularly in Chinese women. Additionally, consuming canned fruit/vegetables at least once a week is also associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, especially in the HER2-positive subtypes.
CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yunbi Ni, Julia Y. Tsang, Yan Shao, Ivan K. Poon, Fiona Tam, Ka-Ho Shea, Gary M. Tse
Summary: This study investigated the clinicopathological features of breast cancer associated with PD-L1 expression and its relationship with other immune components. The results showed a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression and higher tumor grade, morphological apocrine features, presence of necrosis, and higher stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL). PD-L1 expression was also associated with certain receptors and markers. Survival analysis revealed associations between PD-L1 expression and better disease-free survival (DFS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in specific subtypes of breast cancer. The combination of PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) further refined the prognosis of breast cancer subtypes.
Review
Cell Biology
Joshua J. X. Li, Gary M. Tse
Summary: This article reviews the clinicopathological features of ER-positive breast cancers, with a focus on ER-low positive breast cancers. It also provides updates on the assessment, reporting, and interpretation of ER immunohistochemical staining, correlations of ER status with other diagnostic and theragnostic markers, as well as implications for treatment selection and response. Despite advancements in IHC and molecular techniques, ER immunostaining remains a core component in the prognostic and theragnostic assessment of breast cancers.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Yunbi Ni, Gary M. Tse
Summary: This article discusses the morphological and relevant immunohistochemical features of papillary lesions, emphasizes some commonly encountered practical diagnostic issues, and establishes a simple diagnostic algorithm. The relevant molecular characteristics are also discussed.
SEMINARS IN DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ivan K. Poon, Ronald C. K. Chan, Joseph S. H. Choi, Joanna K. M. Ng, Katsie T. Tang, Yolanda Y. H. Wong, Ka Pang Chan, Wing Ho Yip, Gary M. Tse, Joshua J. X. Li
Summary: This study reviewed matched pleural biopsy and effusion cytology specimens to compare the performance of these two methods. The results suggest that effusion cytology may be better for confirming benignity and diagnosing carcinomatous pleural effusion, while pleural biopsy should be considered for suspected hematolymphoid malignancies and mesothelioma.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Yunbi Ni, Gary M. Tse
Summary: Spindle cell lesions of the breast are a wide range of diseases, from nonneoplastic reactive conditions to high-grade malignant tumors, making diagnosis difficult. This study reviews the classification of breast spindle cell lesions, including clinical features, morphologic characteristics, and the role of immunohistochemistry and molecular tools in assisting differential diagnosis.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Joshua J. X. Li, Joanna K. M. Ng, Billy S. W. Lai, Conrad H. C. Lee, Ka-Ho Shea, Julia Y. Y. Tsang, Gary M. M. Tse
Summary: This study reviewed the largest cohort of histologically confirmed aspirates of tubular adenomas and compared them with aspirates of fibroadenomas. The findings further defined the cytological features of tubular adenoma and allowed for differentiation from fibroadenoma.
Article
Oncology
Joshua J. X. Li, Gary M. Tse
CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Julia Y. Tsang, Gary M. Tse
Summary: TNBC is a major challenge in breast cancer management due to its heterogeneity and diversity. Expression profiling has identified at least four predominant subtypes with specific genomic alterations and tumor microenvironment. Recognizing these subtypes can improve prognosis and guide treatment decisions.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Ivan K. K. Poon, Ronald C. K. Chan, Joseph S. H. Choi, Joanna K. M. Ng, Katsie T. T. Tang, Yolanda Y. H. Wong, Ka Pang Chan, Wing Ho Yip, Gary M. M. Tse, Joshua J. X. Li
Article
Pathology
Joshua J. X. Li, Wing Cheung, Joanna K. M. Ng, Gary M. Tse
Summary: The ISRSFC has demonstrated strong diagnostic performance in pericardial fluid cytology. Disease composition and applicable cytological subcategories differ from its peritoneal and pleural counterparts for pericardial effusion. Incorporating immunocytochemistry by an algorithmic approach improves diagnostic accuracy. Cytomorphology is accurate for identifying adenocarcinomas, but further typing necessitates immunocytochemistry.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Joshua J. X. Li, Gary M. Tse
Summary: This review summarizes the applications of immunocytochemistry-detection of carcinoma cells, confirmation of breast primary, assessment of surrogate immunostains and theragnostic biomarkers, with discussion on potential diagnostic pitfalls, followed by the application of molecular tests and digital cytopathologic techniques for assessing metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bin Zhu, Lijin Joo, Tongwu Zhang, Hela Koka, DongHyuk Lee, Jianxin Shi, Priscilla Lee, Difei Wang, Feng Wang, Wing-cheong Chan, Sze Hong Law, Yee-kei Tsoi, Gary M. Tse, Shui Wun Lai, Cherry Wu, Shuyuan Yang, Emily Ying Yang Chan, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Mingyi Wang, Lei Song, Kristine Jones, Amy Hutchinson, Belynda Hicks, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Stephen Chanock, Lap Ah Tse, Xiaohong R. Yang
Summary: This study analyzed genomic data from Hong Kong breast cancer (HKBC) patients and compared them with European ancestry breast cancer data. The results showed that the genomic features were largely similar between HKBC and European breast cancer. However, there were suggestive differences in some driver genes and mutational signatures, which warrant further investigation in large and diverse Asian populations.
HUMAN GENETICS AND GENOMICS ADVANCES
(2022)