Article
Neurosciences
David Haslacher, Khaled Nasr, Stephen E. Robinson, Christoph Braun, Surjo R. Soekadar
Summary: A real-time compatible artifact rejection algorithm (SASS) was introduced to overcome limitations in adapting stimulation parameters to ongoing brain oscillations. By using SASS, stimulation-specific signal components could be reliably removed while leaving physiological signal components unaffected. Results indicate that SASS can be used to establish adaptive AM-tACS, providing a potentially powerful tool to target various brain functions and investigate how AM-tACS interacts with electric brain oscillations.
Article
Neurosciences
Elias Paolo Casula, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Sonia Bonni, Barbara Spano, Viviana Ponzo, Ilenia Salsano, Giovanni Giulietti, Alex Martino Cinnera, Michele Maiella, Ilaria Borghi, Lorenzo Rocchi, Marco Bozzali, Fabrizio Sallustio, Carlo Caltagirone, Giacomo Koch
Summary: Interhemispheric interactions in stroke patients show significant imbalance, with the affected hemisphere unable to trigger motor potentials while the unaffected hemisphere maintains inhibition onto the affected. Patients with better recovery in hand function exhibit more stable interhemispheric balance. Additionally, microstructural integrity of callosal fibers is associated with interhemispheric connectivity and suppression of TMS-evoked activity.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Leandro Ryuchi Iuamoto, Fabio Luis Kenji Ito, Thales Augusto Tome, Wu Tu Hsing, Alberto Meyer, Marta Imamura, Linamara Rizzo Battistella
Summary: This study contributes to a better understanding of the neurophysiological changes associated with knee osteoarthritis by observing neuroplasticity. These findings may aid in the early diagnosis of knee OA in the future. However, further research is still needed.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brenton Hordacre, Kristina Comacchio, Lindy Williams, Susan Hillier
Summary: The study demonstrated that active rTMS significantly improved depression in stroke survivors and was well tolerated. The mechanistic role of theta frequency functional connectivity may warrant further investigation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emily Swinkin, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Musleh Algarni, Luis Garcia Dominguez, Julianne K. Baarbe, James Saravanamuttu, Robert Chen, Elizabeth Slow, Anthony E. Lang, Richard A. Wennberg
Summary: Celiac disease is associated with motor cortex hyperexcitability and cortical myoclonus. Neurophysiological characteristics in patients with celiac-associated cortical myoclonus include lateralized low-amplitude, electropositive beta-frequency polyspike activity over the central head region. Studies suggest that the oscillatory electroencephalography activity may be a distinct marker of celiac-related cortical myoclonus and is consistent with celiac-related motor cortex hyperexcitability, which may not necessarily result from cerebellar disinhibition.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jessica Guzman Lopez, Julio C. Hernandez-Pavon, Pantelis Lioumis, Jyrki P. Makela, Juha Silvanto
Summary: The impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the brain depends on the initial brain state. Visual/luminance adaptation has been used to modulate brain state prior to TMS application, aiming to enhance TMS effects. This study used electroencephalography to investigate the interactions between TMS and adaptation in the visual cortex.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeanette Hui, Reza Zomorrodi, Pantelis Lioumis, Elnaz Ensafi, Daphne Voineskos, Aristotle Voineskos, Itay Hadas, Tarek K. Rajji, Daniel M. Blumberger, Zafiris J. Daskalakis
Summary: Altered interhemispheric connectivity is found in both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder patients, indicating disruptions of interhemispheric signaling processes. There was increased interhemispheric signal propagation in patient groups compared to healthy controls, but no difference between SCZ and MDD groups. These results enhance our understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying interhemispheric imbalances in SCZ and MDD.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lorenzo Rocchi, Alessandro Di Santo, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Elias Casula, Vishal Rawji, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giacomo Koch, John Rothwell
Summary: The study aims to measure the separate contributions of auditory and somatosensory stimulation caused by TMS, and assess their impact on the TEP waveform during motor cortex stimulation.
Auditory stimulation induces known responses in electrodes around the vertex, which can be suppressed by appropriate noise masking. Stimulation of the scalp alone generates nonspecific responses in central electrodes.
Article
Neurosciences
Guiyuan Cai, Manfeng Wu, Qian Ding, Tuo Lin, Wanqi Li, Yinghua Jing, Hongying Chen, Huiting Cai, Tifei Yuan, Guangqing Xu, Yue Lan
Summary: The study found that the alpha2 power in the sensorimotor region is inversely correlated with corticospinal excitability. Additionally, the global efficiency of the brain network is correlated with corticospinal excitability, showing a positive correlation with global efficiency in the theta band and a negative correlation with global efficiency in the alpha2 band.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eleonore H. M. Smalle, Tatsuya Daikoku, Arnaud Szmalec, Wouter Duyck, Riikka Mottonen
Summary: This study tests the impact of cognitive mechanisms on implicit statistical learning mechanisms in early language acquisition in adults. The results suggest that depleting cognitive control mechanisms enhances implicit auditory word segmentation abilities and improves word recognition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Julius Kricheldorff, Katharina Goeke, Maximilian Kiebs, Florian H. Kasten, Christoph S. Herrmann, Karsten Witt, Rene Hurlemann
Summary: This review discusses the methods of exciting or inhibiting neurons in the human brain through electric and magnetic stimulation. Deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial electric stimulation are the main techniques explored. The review summarizes the effects of these stimulations on neuroplastic changes and suggests possible mechanisms and future directions.
Article
Biology
Davide Momi, Zheng Wang, John D. Griffiths
Summary: A compelling approach to understand the complexity of the brain is to analyze the effects of synchronized systematic perturbations both in space and time. In humans, this can be done non-invasively by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG). The study used source-localized TMS-EEG analyses and whole-brain connectome-based computational modeling to differentiate between local dynamics and network activity in TMS evoked potential (TEP) waveforms. The findings shed light on the importance of recurrent network feedback and inhibitory neural populations in cortical excitability.
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Mohamed L. Seghier
Summary: In this review, the functions of the angular gyrus (AG) were evaluated based on evidence from TMS/TES and EEG/MEG studies. The results showed that the AG plays a causal role in semantic processing, attention, self-guided movement, memory, and self-processing. A three-phase unifying model of sensemaking was proposed, suggesting that the AG is involved early on in defining the current context and later in attention re-orientation and cross-modal integration. However, the evidence for the semantic role of the AG is still weak.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sangtae Ahn, Flavio Frohlich
Summary: This study provides causal evidence that the early TEP components reflect cortical reactivity to TMS, with the earliest component localized to the left M1, the following components mainly localized to the primary somatosensory cortex, and the later components largely localized to the auditory cortex. Transcranial direct current stimulation selectively modulated cortical and corticospinal excitability by modulating the pre-stimulus mu-rhythm oscillatory power.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Brenton Hordacre, Mitchell R. Goldsworthy, Lynton Graetz, Michael C. Ridding
Summary: This research investigated the impact of baseline resting state functional connectivity on responses to continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). The results showed that a low beta frequency band model of connectivity played a crucial role in determining responses to spaced cTBS, suggesting that M1-frontocentral networks may have an important role in the effects of cTBS on corticospinal excitability.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Katharina Nagel, Richard Thomson, Stephanie Lorimer, Fiona Judd
Summary: The study examined the prevalence and characteristics of pregnant women with borderline personality pathology referred to a perinatal consultation-liaison psychiatry service. It found that women with borderline personality pathology had higher rates of unplanned pregnancy, being unpartnered, substance use during pregnancy, and increased risk of child safety services involvement. The study suggests that borderline personality pathology should be recognized as a high priority for investment in service development.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Michelle Anne Adams, Matthew Brazel, Richard Thomson, Hannah Lake
Summary: A survey on doctors' distress levels during Covid-19 found that the rate of high distress was elevated, especially among junior doctors and those with previous mental health diagnoses. Social isolation had a significant impact on mental health, while likelihood of contact with Covid-19-positive patients did not affect distress levels.
AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Paul B. Fitzgerald, Mark S. George, Saxby Pridmore
Summary: Despite over 25 years of research establishing the antidepressant efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, there is still uncertainty surrounding the depth and breadth of this evidence base. However, numerous studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is effective in treating depression, with meta-analyses and umbrella reviews indicating that it may be more effective than other alternatives for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Additionally, real-world studies have confirmed meaningful response and remission rates in over 5000 patients, suggesting that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation should be a routine part of clinical care.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Xianwei Che, Robin F. H. Cash, Xi Luo, Hong Luo, Xiaodong Lu, Feng Xu, Yu-Feng Zang, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Bernadette M. Fitzgibbon
Summary: The study found that high-frequency rTMS stimulation of the DLPFC has significant short-term analgesic effects on neuropathic pain. There is also an overall pain reduction in the midterm and long term, as well as significant analgesic effect on provoked pain following HF-rTMS over the DLPFC.
Article
Nursing
A. Sheehan, R. Thomson, H. Pierce, F. Arundell
Summary: This study compared attrition rates and GPA scores between students admitted into the BMid using academic ranking and MMIs, to those admitted based on academic ranking alone. The findings showed that students admitted via MMIs had lower attrition rates and higher GPA scores. MMIs helped identify applicants more likely to succeed in their studies.
Article
Psychiatry
Paul B. Fitzgerald, Shane Gill, Michael Breakspear, Jayashri Kulkarni, Leo Chen, Saxby Pridmore, Subramanian Purushothaman, Cherrie Galletly, Patrick Clarke, Felicity Ng, Salam Hussain, Suneel Chamoli, Tibi Csizmadia, Patrick Tolan, Luca Cocchi, Samir Ibrahim Oam, Kavitha Shankar, Shanthi Sarma, Michael Lau, Colleen Loo, Tarun Yadav, Kate E. Hoy
Summary: This article discusses the controversy surrounding repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of depression as addressed in the Royal Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, while also highlighting the strong evidence supporting the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of this treatment method.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Aleksandra Miljevic, Neil W. Bailey, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Sally E. Herring, Paul B. Fitzgerald
Summary: Brain connectivity can be estimated through analysis of EEG data, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the implementation of connectivity methods. Standardization of processing and reporting can improve comparability and synthesizability of EEG connectivity studies. This article discusses factors influencing connectivity estimates and provides recommendations and a checklist for quality assessment.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Paul B. Fitzgerald, Rebecca Anne Segrave, Alex Fornito, Ben J. Harrison, Kate Hoy
Letter
Psychiatry
Paul B. Fitzgerald, Saxby Pridmore
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Shane Gill, Salam Hussain, Subramanian Purushothaman, Shanthi Sarma, Alan Weiss, Suneel Chamoli, Matthew Fasnacht, Ashu Gandhi, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Brett Simpson, Colleen K. Loo
Summary: In the last century, the prescribing of electroconvulsive therapy involved considering unilateral versus bilateral treatment options. However, recent research has shown that various parameters of the therapy can significantly impact its effectiveness and cognitive side effects. The dose relative to seizure threshold and stimulus pulse width have been found to be particularly important factors in determining efficacy and side effects. This viewpoint aims to raise awareness among psychiatrists about the importance of considering these parameters when prescribing electroconvulsive therapy.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aleksandra Miljevic, Neil W. Bailey, Oscar W. Murphy, M. Prabhavi N. Perera, Paul B. Fitzgerald
Summary: The brain works as an organised, network-like structure of functionally interconnected regions, and disruptions to interconnectivity in certain networks have been linked to symptoms of depression and impairments in cognition. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on EEG functional connectivity (FC) in depression. Fifty-two studies were identified, and while consistent findings were found in resting-state studies, no clear conclusions could be drawn about the direction of differences in FC due to inconsistencies in study design and methodology. More robust research is needed to understand the true differences in EEG FC in depression, as characterizing how FC differs in depression is essential for understanding its etiology.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Business
Buddhini Ginigaddara, Srinath Perera, Yingbin Feng, Payam Rahnamayiezekavat, Russell Thomson
Summary: This study presents prediction models for offsite construction (OSC) skills and outlines the model development process. The models aim to predict skills using a comparable measure, manhours/m(2). The study also reveals complex, non-linear relationships between OSC types and skill utilization.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
Ellen E. R. Williams, Sabrina Sghirripa, Nigel C. Rogasch, Brenton Hordacre, Stacie Attrill
Summary: This review summarized the existing literature on non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a treatment for post-stroke aphasia and provided recommendations for future research. Quantitative analysis showed that ipsilesional anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and contralesional 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation were the most commonly used forms of NIBS. Qualitative analysis revealed four key themes. The results highlighted systemic challenges in the field.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaniz Jannat, Kingsley Emwinyore Agho, Sarker Masud Parvez, Mahbubur Rahman, Russell Thomson, Mohammed Badrul Amin, Dafna Merom
Summary: The study aimed to assess the effects of yogurt supplementation and nutrition education on the linear growth of infants at risk of stunting. A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted, with one group receiving nutrition education for mothers, another receiving nutrition education and a daily yogurt supplement for the infants, and a control group. The results showed no statistically significant differences in linear growth between the groups, but the yogurt group showed slightly better results in terms of dietary diversity. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-ups is recommended.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zahra Moussavi, Grant Rutherford, Brian Lithgow, Colleen Millikin, Mandana Modirrousta, Behzad Mansouri, Xikui Wang, Craig Omelan, Lesley Fellows, Paul Fitzgerald, Lisa Koski
Summary: This study aims to recruit up to 200 eligible participants to estimate the difference in treatment effects between active treatment and sham treatment, as well as between two doses of rTMS applications. The study design is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating short- and long-term benefits of active rTMS treatment in patients with Alzheimer dementia. Preliminary results show promising outcomes and no serious adverse events as of November 2020.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2021)
