Article
Psychiatry
Sevim Berrin Inci Izmir, Melis Ipci, Eyup Sabri Ercan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on neurocognitive test scores in individuals with different presentations of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the impact of comorbidities on executive function. The results showed that MPH treatment improved neurocognitive test scores in patients with different presentations of ADHD, and the treatment was effective even in the presence of comorbidities.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Cecilia Mazzetti, Christienne Gonzales Damatac, Emma Sprooten, Niels ter Huurne, Jan K. Buitelaar, Ole Jensen
Summary: This study aimed to identify the white matter tracts that mediate the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on ADHD patients. The results showed that the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), superior longitudinal fasciculus (parietal endings) (SLFp), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (temporal endings) (SLFt) were significantly associated with the effects of MPH. In addition, ADHD symptom severity was related to lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the ATR, and individuals with higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt exhibited stronger behavioral effects of MPH and beta power modulation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xiaoqin Yang, Liangjie Chen, Pengcheng Yang, Xiaodong Yang, Lei Liu, Liang Li
Summary: This study found that using a negative emotional-conditioned prepulse can enhance female attention and startle reflex, while perceptual spatial attention can also enhance startle reflex in both males and females. These results suggest that startle reflex is influenced by emotional, perceptual spatial attention, and sex.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Lin Zhang, Deirdre M. McCarthy, Karen L. Eskow Jaunarajs, Joseph Biederman, Thomas J. Spencer, Pradeep G. Bhide
Summary: The study indicates that the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI) and methylphenidate can improve attention and working memory in the PNE mouse model by increasing dopamine and noradrenaline release.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Irene Jaen, Nieves Fuentes-Sanchez, Miguel A. Escrig, Carlos Suso-Ribera, Gustavo Reyes del Paso, M. Carmen Pastor
Summary: Resting heart rate variability (HRV) has been studied for its potential as a biomarker of emotion regulation, with higher HRV associated with more distinct responses to negative stimuli, but no evidence was found for an influence on eyeblink responses. Individuals may benefit from emotion regulation strategies regardless of resting HRV levels.
COGNITION & EMOTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Darwin Contreras, Ricardo Pina, Claudia Carvallo, Felipe Godoy, Gonzalo Ugarte, Marc Zeise, Carlos Rozas, Bernardo Morales
Summary: This study demonstrates that methylphenidate can restore behavioral impairments and neuroplasticity in an ADHD mouse model induced by prenatal nicotine exposure. The restoration is achieved through changes in AMPAR subunit composition and distribution, as well as the maturation of dendritic spines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
William E. Pelham, Amy R. Altszuler, Brittany M. Merrill, Joseph S. Raiker, Fiona L. Macphee, Marcela Ramos, Elizabeth M. Gnagy, Andrew R. Greiner, Erika K. Coles, Carol M. Connor, Christopher J. Lonigan, Lisa Burger, Anne S. Morrow, Xin Zhao, James M. Swanson, James G. Waxmonsky, William E. Pelham
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of stimulant medication on the acquisition of academic material in children with ADHD in a classroom setting. The results showed that medication had positive effects on students' seatwork productivity and classroom behavior, but did not improve their learning of new academic material.
JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ann C. Childress, Henry C. Foehl, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Stephen Faraone, Benjamin Levinson, Akwete L. Adjei
Summary: The study on the long-term safety and symptom control of extended-release methylphenidate in children aged 4 to <6 years showed that most treatment-emergent adverse events were of mild or moderate severity, weight and height z scores as well as obesity rates decreased significantly, with insomnia reported in 9% and hypertension in 6.7%, while ADHD symptom control was maintained.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thien Thien Lim, Kenny Tan, Gaik Bee Eow, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Summary: Latah is a culture-specific syndrome characterized by exaggerated startle response and other behavioral and psychological features. This review provides a comprehensive description of the clinical characteristics of latah based on previous literature and clinical experiences, with a particular emphasis on the perspective of movement disorders. Although the pathophysiology of latah is poorly understood, further studies are needed to understand its underlying mechanisms and identify appropriate treatments due to its distressing psychosocial impact.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Junfeng Zhang, Meng Wang, Baoyu Wei, Jiangwei Shi, Tao Yu
Summary: This paper summarizes the characteristics and changes of the startle reflex in physiological and pathological states by analyzing multiple databases.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ana Checa-Ros, Antonio Munoz-Hoyos, Antonio Molina-Carballo, Iris Viejo-Boyano, Maricarmen Chacin, Valmore Bermudez, Luis D'Marco
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of low doses of melatonin (aMT) on the sleep patterns of pediatric patients with ADHD receiving treatment with methylphenidate (MPH). The results showed that 1 mg of aMT significantly increased sleep duration in ADHD patients. The study also suggested further placebo-controlled trials adjusting the time of aMT administration to explore its effects on shortening sleep-onset latency.
Correction
Psychiatry
Jung-Chi Chang, Hsiang-Yuan Lin, Jinglei Lv, Wen-Yih Issac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: An amendment to the paper has been published and is accessible through the original article.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erin E. Buckels, Douglas A. Williams, Paul D. Trapnell, Siavash Kermani Koosheh, Owen M. Javra, Sasha C. Svenne
Summary: Two studies found a negative correlation between the Dark Tetrad of personality (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) and the amplitude of the startle response. The second study also revealed a negative correlation between aversive startle potentiation (ASP) and psychopathy and sadism. These findings suggest that individuals high in callousness and antagonism show reduced reactivity, while psychopathy and sadism are specifically associated with reduced ASP.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Yaffa Hadar, Shraga Hocherman, Oren Lamm, Emanuel Tirosh
Summary: The study assessed the visuomotor attention ability in children with ADHD and controls, as well as their response to placebo and Methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. Results showed significant differences in VMAT measures between the study and control groups, with an improvement in VMAT measures observed under MPH treatment, especially in the combined and predominantly hyperactive (C\HI) type. ADHD subtypes appear similarly short of visuomotor attention resources, and visuomotor test can be effective in assessing gains from MPH treatment.
CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Miriam Ouadih-Moran, Antonio Munoz-Hoyos, Luis D'Marco, Antonio Molina-Carballo, Isabel Seiquer, Ana Checa-Ros
Summary: This study found that ADHD patients had significantly increased levels of S100B, and that S100B concentrations gradually increased after triple therapy. These results support the hypothesis of a neuroinflammatory basis in ADHD and the damaging effect on glial function.
Review
Neurosciences
Martine Hoogman, Daan van Rooij, Marieke Klein, Premika Boedhoe, Iva Ilioska, Ting Li, Yash Patel, Merel C. Postema, Yanli Zhang-James, Evdokia Anagnostou, Celso Arango, Guillaume Auzias, Tobias Banaschewski, Claiton H. D. Bau, Marlene Behrmann, Mark A. Bellgrove, Daniel Brandeis, Silvia Brem, Geraldo F. Busatto, Sara Calderoni, Rosa Calvo, Francisco X. Castellanos, David Coghill, Annette Conzelmann, Eileen Daly, Christine Deruelle, Ilan Dinstein, Sarah Durston, Christine Ecker, Stefan Ehrlich, Jeffery N. Epstein, Damien A. Fair, Jacqueline Fitzgerald, Christine M. Freitag, Thomas Frodl, Louise Gallagher, Eugenio H. Grevet, Jan Haavik, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Joost Janssen, Georgii Karkashadze, Joseph A. King, Kerstin Konrad, Jonna Kuntsi, Luisa Lazaro, Jason P. Lerch, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Mario R. Louza, Beatriz Luna, Paulo Mattos, Jane McGrath, Filippo Muratori, Clodagh Murphy, Joel T. Nigg, Eileen Oberwelland-Weiss, Ruth L. O'Gorman Tuura, Kirsten O'Hearn, Jaap Oosterlaan, Mara Parellada, Paul Pauli, Kerstin J. Plessen, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Liesbeth Reneman, Alessandra Retico, Pedro G. P. Rosa, Katya Rubia, Philip Shaw, Tim J. Silk, Leanne Tamm, Oscar Vilarroya, Susanne Walitza, Neda Jahanshad, Stephen Faraone, Clyde Francks, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Tomas Paus, Paul M. Thompson, Jan K. Buitelaar, Barbara Franke
Summary: Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD and ASD. However, there have been limitations in the current literature, such as small sample sizes and heterogeneous methods. To address these limitations, the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were established to collaborate on large-scale neuroimaging projects. The findings so far have shown overlap and unique differences in cortical structures between ASD and ADHD. Ongoing work is exploring other research questions.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Danai Dima, Amirhossein Modabbernia, Efstathios Papachristou, Gaelle E. Doucet, Ingrid Agartz, Moji Aghajani, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, Dag Alnaes, Kathryn Alpert, Micael Andersson, Nancy C. Andreasen, Ole A. Andreassen, Philip Asherson, Tobias Banaschewski, Nuria Bargallo, Sarah Baumeister, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Alessandro Bertolino, Aurora Bonvino, Dorret Boomsma, Stefan Borgwardt, Josiane Bourque, Daniel Brandeis, Alan Breier, Henry Brodaty, Rachel M. Brouwer, Jan K. Buitelaar, Geraldo F. Busatto, Randy L. Buckner, Vincent Calhoun, Erick J. Canales-Rodriguez, Dara M. Cannon, Xavier Caseras, Francisco X. Castellanos, Simon Cervenka, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Christopher R. K. Ching, Victoria Chubar, Vincent P. Clark, Patricia Conrod, Annette Conzelmann, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Fabrice Crivello, Eveline A. Crone, Anders M. Dale, Cristopher Davey, Eco J. C. de Geus, Lieuwe de Haan, Greig de Zubicaray, Anouk den Braber, Erin W. Dickie, Annabella Di Giorgio, Nhat Trung Doan, Erlend S. Dorum, Stefan Ehrlich, Susanne Erk, Thomas Espeseth, Helena Fatouros-Bergman, Simon E. Fisher, Jean-Paul Fouche, Barbara Franke, Thomas Frodl, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, David C. Glahn, Ian H. Gotlib, Hans-Joergen Grabe, Oliver Grimm, Nynke A. Groenewold, Dominik Grotegerd, Oliver Gruber, Patricia Gruner, Rachel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur, Ben J. Harrison, Catharine A. Hartman, Sean N. Hatton, Andreas Heinz, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Derrek P. Hibar, Ian B. Hickie, Beng-Choon Ho, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Sarah Hohmann, Avram J. Holmes, Martine Hoogman, Norbert Hosten, Fleur M. Howells, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Chaim Huyser, Neda Jahanshad, Anthony James, Terry L. Jernigan, Jiyang Jiang, Erik G. Jonsson, John A. Joska, Rene Kahn, Andrew Kalnin, Ryota Kanai, Marieke Klein, Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Laura Koenders, Sanne Koops, Bernd Kraemer, Jonna Kuntsi, Jim Lagopoulos, Luisa Lazaro, Irina Lebedeva, Won Hee Lee, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Christine Lochner, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Sophie Maingault, Nicholas G. Martin, Ignacio Martinez-Zalacain, David Mataix-Cols, Bernard Mazoyer, Colm McDonald, Brenna C. McDonald, Andrew M. McIntosh, Katie L. McMahon, Genevieve McPhilemy, Jose M. Menchon, Sarah E. Medland, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Jilly Naaijen, Pablo Najt, Tomohiro Nakao, Jan E. Nordvik, Lars Nyberg, Jaap Oosterlaan, Victor Ortiz-Garcia De la Foz, Yannis Paloyelis, Paul Pauli, Giulio Pergola, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Maria J. Portella, Steven G. Potkin, Joaquim Radua, Andreas Reif, Daniel A. Rinker, Joshua L. Roffman, Pedro G. P. Rosa, Matthew D. Sacchet, Perminder S. Sachdev, Raymond Salvador, Pascual Sanchez-Juan, Salvador Sarro, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Andrew J. Saykin, Mauricio H. Serpa, Lianne Schmaal, Knut Schnell, Gunter Schumann, Kang Sim, Jordan W. Smoller, Iris Sommer, Carles Soriano-Mas, Dan J. Stein, Lachlan T. Strike, Suzanne C. Swagerman, Christian K. Tamnes, Henk S. Temmingh, Sophia Thomopoulos, Alexander S. Tomyshev, Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Julian N. Trollor, Jessica A. Turner, Anne Uhlmann, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Dennis van den Meer, Nic J. A. van der Wee, Neeltje E. M. van Haren, Dennis Van't Ent, Theo G. M. van Erp, Ilya M. Veer, Dick J. Veltman, Aristotle Voineskos, Henry Voelzke, Henrik Walter, Esther Walton, Lei Wang, Yang Wang, Thomas H. Wassink, Bernd Weber, Wei Wen, John D. West, Lars T. Westlye, Heather Whalley, Lara M. Wierenga, Steven C. R. Williams, Katharina Wittfeld, Daniel H. Wolf, Amanda Worker, Margaret J. Wright, Kun Yang, Yulyia Yoncheva, Marcus Zanetti, Georg C. Ziegler, Paul M. Thompson, Sophia Frangou
Summary: Age has a significant impact on brain volume, with different regions showing varying trajectories. Basal ganglia volume decreases with age, while lateral ventricles continue to enlarge. These findings provide important insights into the functional significance of age-related morphometric patterns in the brain.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sophia Frangou, Amirhossein Modabbernia, Steven C. R. Williams, Efstathios Papachristou, Gaelle E. Doucet, Ingrid Agartz, Moji Aghajani, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, Dag Alnaes, Kathryn Alpert, Micael Andersson, Nancy C. Andreasen, Ole A. Andreassen, Philip Asherson, Tobias Banaschewski, Nuria Bargallo, Sarah Baumeister, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Alessandro Bertolino, Aurora Bonvino, Dorret Boomsma, Stefan Borgwardt, Josiane Bourque, Daniel Brandeis, Alan Breier, Henry Brodaty, Rachel M. Brouwer, Jan K. Buitelaar, Geraldo F. Busatto, Randy L. Buckner, Vincent Calhoun, Erick J. Canales-Rodriguez, Dara M. Cannon, Xavier Caseras, Francisco X. Castellanos, Simon Cervenka, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Christopher R. K. Ching, Victoria Chubar, Vincent P. Clark, Patricia Conrod, Annette Conzelmann, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Fabrice Crivello, Eveline A. Crone, Anders M. Dale, Christopher Davey, Eco J. C. de Geus, Lieuwe de Haan, Greig de Zubicaray, Anouk den Braber, Erin W. Dickie, Annabella Di Giorgio, Nhat Trung Doan, Erlend S. Dorum, Stefan Ehrlich, Susanne Erk, Thomas Espeseth, Helena Fatouros-Bergman, Simon E. Fisher, Jean-Paul Fouche, Barbara Franke, Thomas Frodl, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, David C. Glahn, Ian H. Gotlib, Hans-Joergen Grabe, Oliver Grimm, Nynke A. Groenewold, Dominik Grotegerd, Oliver Gruber, Patricia Gruner, Rachel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur, Ben J. Harrison, Catharine A. Hartman, Sean N. Hatton, Andreas Heinz, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Derrek P. Hibar, Ian B. Hickie, Beng-Choon Ho, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Sarah Hohmann, Avram J. Holmes, Martine Hoogman, Norbert Hosten, Fleur M. Howells, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Chaim Huyser, Neda Jahanshad, Anthony James, Terry L. Jernigan, Jiyang Jiang, Erik G. Jonsson, John A. Joska, Rene Kahn, Andrew Kalnin, Ryota Kanai, Marieke Klein, Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Laura Koenders, Sanne Koops, Bernd Kraemer, Jonna Kuntsi, Jim Lagopoulos, Luisa Lazaro, Irina Lebedeva, Won Hee Lee, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Christine Lochner, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Sophie Maingault, Nicholas G. Martin, Ignacio Martinez-Zalacain, David Mataix-Cols, Bernard Mazoyer, Colm McDonald, Brenna C. McDonald, Andrew M. McIntosh, Katie L. McMahon, Genevieve McPhilemy, Jose M. Menchon, Sarah E. Medland, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Jilly Naaijen, Pablo Najt, Tomohiro Nakao, Jan E. Nordvik, Lars Nyberg, Jaap Oosterlaan, Victor Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Yannis Paloyelis, Paul Pauli, Giulio Pergola, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Maria J. Portella, Steven G. Potkin, Joaquim Radua, Andreas Reif, Daniel A. Rinker, Joshua L. Roffman, Pedro G. P. Rosa, Matthew D. Sacchet, Perminder S. Sachdev, Raymond Salvador, Pascual Sanchez-Juan, Salvador Sarro, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Andrew J. Saykin, Mauricio H. Serpa, Lianne Schmaal, Knut Schnell, Gunter Schumann, Kang Sim, Jordan W. Smoller, Iris Sommer, Carles Soriano-Mas, Dan J. Stein, Lachlan T. Strike, Suzanne C. Swagerman, Christian K. Tamnes, Henk S. Temmingh, Sophia Thomopoulos, Alexander S. Tomyshev, Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Julian N. Trollor, Jessica A. Turner, Anne Uhlmann, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Dennis van den Meer, Nic J. A. van der Wee, Neeltje E. M. van Haren, Dennis van't Ent, Theo G. M. van Erp, Ilya M. Veer, Dick J. Veltman, Aristotle Voineskos, Henry Voelzke, Henrik Walter, Esther Walton, Lei Wang, Yang Wang, Thomas H. Wassink, Bernd Weber, Wei Wen, John D. West, Lars T. Westlye, Heather Whalley, Lara M. Wierenga, Katharina Wittfeld, Daniel H. Wolf, Amanda Worker, Margaret J. Wright, Kun Yang, Yulyia Yoncheva, Marcus Zanetti, Georg C. Ziegler, Paul M. Thompson, Danai Dima
Summary: The study used data from the ENIGMA Consortium to explore the relationship between age and cortical thickness, finding that most regions peak in cortical thickness during childhood, with a negative association between age and cortical thickness where the slope is steeper before the age of 30 and more gradual afterwards.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Britt Mossink, Jon-Ruben Van Rhijn, Shan Wang, Katrin Linda, Maria R. Vitale, Johanna E. M. Zoller, Eline J. H. van Hugte, Jitske Bak, Anouk H. A. Verboven, Martijn Selten, Moritz Negwer, Brooke L. Latour, Ilse van der Werf, Jason M. Keller, Teun M. Klein Gunnewiek, Chantal Schoenmaker, Astrid Oudakker, Alessia Anania, Sophie Jansen, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Monica Frega, Hans van Bokhoven, Dirk Schubert, Nael Nadif Kasri
Summary: This study revealed the regulatory role of CDH13 in inhibitory synapse function by establishing a human neuronal model. By culturing iGABAs in vitro, we found that CDH13 deficiency increases inhibition, thereby reducing the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Through these findings, we identified a potential mechanism by which CDH13 may contribute to the pathophysiology of brain disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandy Popp, Angelika Schmitt-Boehrer, Simon Langer, Ulrich Hofmann, Leif Hommers, Kai Schuh, Stefan Frantz, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Anna Frey
Summary: Anxiety disorders and depression are common comorbidities in cardiac patients. Mice lacking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior, while also showing an age-dependent cardiac dysfunction and disrupted healing process after myocardial infarction.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ivo Kaethner, Matthias Eidel, Anne-Sophie Haege, Annika Gram, Paul Pauli
Summary: This study found that even a brief observation of physicians' behavior towards a third person was sufficient to modulate pain tolerance of participants, despite maintaining emotional neutrality in direct interactions with the participants. This highlights the importance of physician empathy in treatment and suggests that aspects of patient-physician communication can be studied through this simulated experimental approach.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatyana Strekalova, Dmitrii Pavlov, Alexander Trofimov, Daniel C. Anthony, Andrei Svistunov, Andrey Proshin, Aleksei Umriukhin, Alexei Lyundup, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Raymond Cespuglio
Summary: The role of hippocampal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in stress-induced anhedonia has been investigated. Inhibition of COX-2 in the hippocampus has antidepressant effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Tatyana Strekalova, Yanzhi Liu, Daniel Kiselev, Sharafuddin Khairuddin, Jennifer Lok Yu Chiu, Justin Lam, Ying-Shing Chan, Dmitrii Pavlov, Andrey Proshin, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Daniel C. Anthony, Lee Wei Lim
Summary: The Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) paradigm is a widely used model for finding antidepressant drugs for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). While literature analysis supports the validity of this model, further improvements could be achieved by stratifying animals, using refined experimental protocols, and systematically evaluating non-specific effects.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Noelia Fernandez-Castillo, Judit Cabana-Dominguez, Djenifer B. Kappel, Barbara Torrico, Heike Weber, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Oscar Lao, Andreas Reif, Bru Cormand
Summary: By studying genes related to Mendelian disorders presenting with ADHD symptoms, we identified new candidate risk genes for ADHD that are mainly associated with neurodevelopment and brain function. We also found rare variants associated with the severity of inattention symptoms and identified common variants associated with ADHD and its comorbidities.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Andrew D. Grotzinger, Travis T. Mallard, Wonuola A. Akingbuwa, Hill F. Ip, Mark J. Adams, Cathryn M. Lewis, Andrew M. McIntosh, Jakob Grove, Soren Dalsgaard, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Nora Strom, Sandra M. Meier, Manuel Mattheisen, Anders D. Borglum, Ole Mors, Gerome Breen, Phil H. Lee, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jordan W. Smoller, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Michel G. Nivard
Summary: A joint analysis of 11 major psychiatric disorders identified four broad factors underlying the genetic correlations among the disorders, along with multiple loci acting on these factors. These findings suggest the presence of genetic overlap among different psychiatric disorders, but also highlight the heterogeneity within each factor. However, a single dimension of genetic risk does not appear to be useful in explaining the biobehavioral correlates or individual variants of psychiatric disorders.
Article
Cell Biology
Evgeniy Svirin, Ekaterina Veniaminova, Joao Pedro Costa-Nunes, Anna Gorlova, Aleksei Umriukhin, Allan Kalueff, Andrey Proshin, Daniel C. Anthony, Andrey Nedorubov, Anna Chung Kwan Tse, Susanne Walitza, Lee Wei Lim, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Tatyana Strekalova
Summary: The interaction between brain serotonin deficiency and environmental adversity leads to excessive aggression in females. Complete inactivation of the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-2 results in the absence of neuronal serotonin synthesis and aggression in male and female mice. Moderate reduction in brain serotonin levels and exposure to stress also lead to increased aggression in male mice. Furthermore, changes in gene expression and myelination-related processes may underlie the molecular mechanisms of aggressive behavior.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Isabel Neumann, Ivo Kaethner, Daniel Gromer, Paul Pauli
Summary: Virtual verbal support in virtual reality can positively influence physiological pain responses, but has no effect on pain ratings. The perceived agency of virtual characters does not significantly affect pain responses.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Jinghuai Lin, Johrine Cronje, Carolin Wienrich, Paul Pauli, Marc Erich Latoschik
Summary: Photorealistic avatars have great potential in social VR and VR collaboration, but identity and privacy issues may compromise their authenticity. To enhance overall trustworthiness, we designed visual indicators (VIs) to convey avatars' authenticity status and investigated the impact of different interactivity levels. Our findings suggest that using a full name can increase trust, and we developed design guidelines for visual indicators as effective tools for conveying authenticity.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kirsten Hilger, Anne-Sophie Haege, Christina Zedler, Michael Jost, Paul Pauli
Summary: Research suggests that pain-associated approach and avoidance behaviors play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. A new Virtual Reality paradigm was introduced to study pain-related behavior and experiences, allowing for the evaluation of multiple dimensions. The findings indicate a rapid reduction in approach behavior in the presence of acute pain, along with slower effects on fear of movement-related pain and pain expectancy ratings. The removal of pain contingencies in the modification phase resulted in changes in all three indices. The study highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in chronic pain and its therapy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
I. Neumann, M. Andreatta, P. Pauli, I. Kaethner
Summary: Virtual characters providing social support can reduce pain, and a more human appearance of the virtual characters has beneficial effects on social pain modulation. However, perceived agency does not have a significant impact.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.
