Article
Neurosciences
Youngsun T. Cho, Flora Moujaes, Charles H. Schleifer, Martina Starc, Jie Lisa Ji, Nicole Santamauro, Brendan Adkinson, Antonija Kolobaric, Morgan Flynn, John H. Krystal, John D. Murray, Grega Repovs, Alan Anticevic
Summary: This study investigated how reward and loss impact spatial working memory precision and neural circuits in human subjects. The results showed that both reward and loss improved spatial working memory precision, with specific regions like precentral sulcus and intraparietal sulcus having increased BOLD signal related to better working memory precision. Conversely, areas straddling executive networks displayed decreased BOLD signal during incentivized working memory.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Peta Eggins, Stephanie Wong, Grace Wei, John R. Hodges, Masud Husain, Olivier Piguet, Muireann Irish, Fiona Kumfor
Summary: This study investigated the cognitive and neural basis of apathy in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed reduced planning ability in both conditions, and lower planning ability predicted increased cognitive apathy. Brain imaging analysis also revealed that atrophy in specific brain regions was associated with planning ability and cognitive apathy.
Article
Neurosciences
Charalampos Papadimitriou, Charles D. Holmes, Lawrence H. Snyder
Summary: The study finds that the dynamics of memory cells during spatial memory periods are more complex than previously thought. They suggest that memory may be supported by multiple attractor networks working in parallel, with each network having its own characteristic mean turn-off time that gradually frees up mnemonic resources over time.
Article
Neurosciences
Sihai Li, Christos Constantinidis, Xue-Lian Qi
Summary: The study investigated the roles of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in working memory, finding that neuronal activity can predict categorical judgments of information and deviations in firing rates reflect the contents of working memory.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Yang, Sang-Min Lee, Fumiaki Imamura, Krishne Gowda, Shantu Amin, Richard B. Mailman
Summary: This study compared two different D-1 agonists and found that 2-methyldihydrexidine was more effective in enhancing cognition compared to CY208,243, based on its impact on neural activity and cognitive performance.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nils C. J. Muller, Nils Kohn, Mariet van Buuren, Nadia Klijn, Helene Emmen, Ruud M. W. J. Berkers, Martin Dresler, Gabriele Janzen, Guillen Fernandez
Summary: This study investigated differences in memory performance between children, adolescents, and adults using fMRI and found that differences in executive rather than associative abilities explain these differences. The results suggest that children's executive system is not as mature as in adolescents and adults, and therefore cannot facilitate memory performance in the same way.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Craig W. Berridge, David M. Devilbiss, Andrea J. Martin, Robert C. Spencer, Rick L. Jenison
Summary: Goal-directed behavior relies on neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and extended frontostriatal circuitry. Stress impairs frontostriatal-dependent cognition, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of acute noise-stress on neural activity and connectivity within cognition-related frontostriatal circuitry in rats. The results showed that stress suppressed neuronal responses and disrupted neural coding and functional connectivity during a spatial working memory task, providing insights into the cognitive impairing effects of stress.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dheeraj S. Roy, Ying Zhang, Tomomi Aida, Chenjie Shen, Keith M. Skaggs, Yuanyuan Hou, Morgan Fleishman, Olivia Mosto, Alyssa Weninger, Guoping Feng
Summary: A specific region of the anterior thalamic nuclei plays a key role in spatial working memory tasks in aged mice, and targeting this region may be more beneficial for cognitive functions with fewer unintended effects compared to direct manipulation of the prefrontal cortex. Activation of neurons or circuits in this region can improve working memory, while direct activation of prefrontal cortex neurons may lead to increased anxiety levels in aged mice.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jan Pieter Konsman, Collin J. Laaker, Kelsey R. Lloyd, Adam Hiltz, Brittany L. Smith, Marissa A. Smail, Teresa M. Reyes
Summary: The study found that adult mice exposed to leukemia chemotherapy in early life showed deficits in recognition memory and executive function. Inflammation-related gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex and small intestine were associated with executive function deficits in mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jade A. Stein, Signe Bray, Frank P. MacMaster, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen, Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between dispositional mindfulness and working memory neural correlates in adolescents. Findings showed a correlation between certain aspects of dispositional mindfulness and neural activity, but not with working memory performance.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Wiktor Bilecki, Joachim Latusz, Kinga Gawlinska, Magdalena Chmelova, Marzena Mackowiak
Summary: The study showed that short-term adolescent social isolation did not significantly affect fear memory and anxiety in adult rats, but altered protein levels related to synapse maturation and energy transfer. Additionally, the impact of adolescent social isolation on normally developing brains was different than those with a history of MAM administration.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jose A. Fernandez-Leon, Douglas S. Engelke, Guillermo Aquino-Miranda, Alexandria Goodson, Maria N. Rasheed, Fabricio H. Do Monte
Summary: The study demonstrates that neurons in the prelimbic cortex play a crucial role in regulating memory-based risky decision-making by modulating threat-avoidance vs. reward-approach behaviors. Individual variability in behavioral responses during conflict may be linked to the activity levels of glutamatergic neurons in the prelimbic cortex.
Article
Neurosciences
Megan Roussy, Benjamin Corrigan, Rogelio Luna, Roberto A. Gulli, Adam J. Sachs, Lena Palaniyappan, Julio C. Martinez-Trujilio
Summary: The study found that LPFC neurons maintain robust and distinct neural codes for mnemonic and perceptual visuospatial representations during naturalistic vision, with animals using different behavioral strategies for working memory and perception tasks.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Zakia Z. Haque, Ranshikha Samandra, Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
Summary: Working memory refers to cognitive abilities involved in storing task-relevant information for guiding behavior, with deficits observed in patients with brain damage. Recent brain stimulation studies have shed light on the neural substrate and underlying mechanisms of working memory.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Samuel J. Crowley, Guita Banan, Manish Amin, Jared J. Tanner, Loren Hizel, Peter Nguyen, Babette Brumback, Katie Rodriguez, Nikolaus McFarland, Dawn Bowers, Mingzhou Ding, Thomas A. Mareci, Catherine C. Price
Summary: This study aimed to statistically derive PD executive and memory phenotypes, comparing them on various disease and demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and specific neuroimaging variables related to executive and memory function. The clusters identified different structural gray and white matter patterns, with PD Executive showing less subcortical gray matter and white matter compared to PD Memory and PD Cognitively Well. These findings provide insights into phenotypic demographics, cognitive patterns, and structural brain profiles in individuals with PD.
JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Dominique Arion, John F. Enwright, Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, David A. Lewis
Summary: Reciprocal connections between primate dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices play a crucial role in cognitive processes, and the transcriptomes of layer 3 pyramidal neurons in different regions exhibit regional and projection type specificity.
Article
Neurosciences
Kyle D. Ketchesin, Wei Zong, Mariah A. Hildebrand, Madeline R. Scott, Marianne L. Seney, Kelly M. Cahill, Vaishnavi G. Shankar, Jill R. Glausier, David A. Lewis, George C. Tseng, Colleen A. McClung
Summary: Psychosis is a defining feature of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and it is associated with disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythms. This study investigated the diurnal alterations in gene expression in the striatum of subjects with psychosis using RNA sequencing and differential expression and rhythmicity analyses. The findings revealed differential expression of immune-related transcripts and a loss of rhythmicity in core circadian clock genes in subjects with psychosis, as well as specific changes in mitochondrial-related transcripts, small nucleolar RNAs, and glutamatergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Brandon C. McKinney, Lora L. McClain, Christopher M. Hensler, Yue Wei, Lambertus Klei, David A. Lewis, Bernie Devlin, Jiebiao Wang, Ying Ding, Robert A. Sweet
Summary: This study investigated genome-wide DNA methylation in postmortem brain tissues from subjects with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subjects. The results revealed differential methylation at specific sites associated with schizophrenia, particularly at the MAD1L1 gene. Furthermore, colocalization analysis showed that methylation and gene expression may mediate the risk for schizophrenia. These findings provide important insights into the role of DNA methylation in schizophrenia and suggest further research avenues.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kenneth N. Fish, Brad R. Rocco, James D. Wilson, David A. Lewis
Summary: This study found that GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia are impaired. The decrease in GAD67 messenger RNA levels in these patients affects a subset of calbindin-expressing GABA neurons.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, Takeaki Miyamae, Yosuke Nishihata, Olga L. Krimer, David A. Lewis
Summary: In schizophrenia, deficits in markers of excitatory synaptic inputs disrupt the patterns of neural network activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The study investigates the pruning of weak and immature synapses during periadolescence and finds that there is a uniform pattern of synaptic pruning across the full distribution of synaptic strengths in layer 3 pyramidal neurons. This finding has implications for understanding the pathogenesis and consequences of dendritic spine deficits in schizophrenia.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Aaron K. Jenkins, David A. Lewis, David W. Volk
Summary: Cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia may be caused by excessive immune response leading to the phagocytosis of dendritic spines by microglia. This study found increased levels of C4 and microglia-specific markers in schizophrenia patients, suggesting the involvement of immune processes in the development of schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Samuel J. Dienel, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis
Summary: A study found that mRNA levels of somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PV) are lower in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether this is due to lower transcript levels per neuron or fewer neurons. Distinguishing between these possibilities is crucial for understanding DLPFC dysfunction in schizophrenia and developing new treatments.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kevin F. Dowling, Samuel J. Dienel, Zackery Barile, H. Holly Bazmi, David A. Lewis
Summary: This study found that the transcript levels of GAD67 and GAD65 were lower in the DLPFC cortex of schizophrenia patients, especially in the superficial zone. This suggests that limitations in GABA synthesis in the superficial DLPFC may contribute to working memory impairments in schizophrenia.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, Takeaki Miyamae, Nita Reddy, Sidney Dawkins, Chloe Chen, Avyi Hill, John Enwright, Bard Ermentrout, David A. Lewis
Summary: In primates, the DLPFC and PPC cortices play crucial roles in the working memory network, with higher frequency oscillations observed in DLPFC. The higher frequency in DLPFC may be attributed to a greater quantity of synapses in the basal dendrites, leading to stronger synaptically evoked excitation and subsequently, increased oscillation frequency and power. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying regional differences in oscillation properties between brain regions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luba Yammine, Christopher D. Verrico, Francesco Versace, Heather E. Webber, Robert Suchting, Michael F. Weaver, Thomas R. Kosten, Husein Alibhai, Paul M. Cinciripini, Scott D. Lane, Joy M. Schmitz
Summary: Obesity and smoking are the leading causes of preventable death in the USA. Postcessation weight gain (PCWG) is a common barrier to quitting smoking and may contribute to metabolic conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the GLP-1RA exenatide as an adjunct to nicotine patches on smoking abstinence and PCWG.
Article
Psychiatry
Samuel J. Dienel, Kevin F. Dowling, Zackery Barile, H. Holly Bazmi, Amy Liu, Julia C. Vespoli, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis
Summary: This study aimed to quantify mRNA levels of somatostatin (SST) and related neuropeptides in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), or major depressive disorder (MDD). The findings revealed lower levels of SST mRNA in both superficial and deep zones of the DLPFC in SZ individuals, and lower levels of SST only in the superficial zone in the MDD group. Neuropeptide alterations in the superficial zone were associated with lower educational attainment in the SZ group.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Daley Favo Auvil, Jason Newman, Ying Ding, David Lewis, Robert Sweet, Matthew MacDonald
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Youjin Chung, Daniel W. Chung, Samuel Dienel, Matthew Belch, Kenneth Fish, David Lewis
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Samuel Dienel, Kenneth Fish, David Lewis
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Kevin Dowling, Samuel Dienel, Zackery Barile, H. Holly Bazmi, David Lewis
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.
