Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gemma Huguet, Irene Puig-Parnau, Jose C. E. Serrano, Meritxell Martin-Gari, Maria Rodriguez-Palmero, Jose Antonio Moreno-Munoz, Joan Tibau, Elisabet Kadar
Summary: Childhood obesity, caused by a diet rich in sugars and fatty acids, can lead to cognitive impairment and reduced neuroplasticity. A study on young female pigs found that a diet enriched with Bifidobacterium breve and omega-3 fatty acids can enhance neuroplasticity in prepubertal female pigs on a high-fat diet.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Margherita De Silva, Javad Sadeghinezhad, Jens R. Nyengaard, Mahdi Aghabalazadeh Asl, Ava Saeidi, Nadia De Sordi, Roberto Chiocchetti, Annamaria Grandis
Summary: This study established normal volumetric and quantitative stereological parameters for cerebellar tissues in guinea pigs, providing valuable reference data for practical applications in veterinary neurology. The morphometric features of the guinea pig cerebellum were measured using unbiased design-based stereology, including total volume, gray and white matter volume fractions, cerebellar surface area, Purkinje cell count, etc.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Vinogradova, Maria Sysova, Polina Smirnova, Maria Sidorova, Andrei Turkin, Ekaterina Kurilova, Oksana Tuchina
Summary: An enriched environment improves spatial memory in both male and female rats, but the increase in neurogenesis markers is observed only in females. The anti-inflammatory response and miRNA profiles also show sex-specific differences in response to the enriched environment.
Article
Cell Biology
Joshua D. Rieskamp, Patricia Sarchet, Bryon M. Smith, Elizabeth D. Kirby
Summary: The study estimated the cell density of neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult mice using immunohistochemical methods and found that they had similar density as other cell types with secretory functions. These findings contribute to refining hypotheses about the roles of these cell types in regulating hippocampal function and their potential therapeutic uses.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Arjun Nair, Jason Moore, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Sarah H. Zwick, Ryan N. Dilger, Stephen A. Fleming, Rebecca K. Golden, Michael R. Talcott, Albert M. Isaacs, David D. Limbrick Jr, James P. McAllister II
Summary: This study found that acquired hydrocephalus caused morphological alterations, reduced neurogenesis, and increased reactive astrocytosis in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naserddine Hamadi, Omur Gulsum Deniz, Ahlam Said Abi Issa, Azim Ullah Shamsul Islam, Naheed Amir, Saeed Tariq Minhas, Nather Madjid, Fatima Khelifi-Touhami, Suleyman Kaplan, Abdu Adem
Summary: The development of animal models to study cell death in the brain is a delicate task. One of the models, that was discovered in the late eighties, is the induction of neurodegeneration through glucocorticoid withdrawal by adrenalectomy in albino rats. In this study, the impact of short-term adrenalectomy on hippocampal neuronal populations in Wistar rats was investigated using stereological technique and ultrastructural examination. The levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) were measured to understand the underlying mechanisms of degeneration in these neurons. The cognitive behavior of Wistar rats after short-term adrenalectomy was also examined.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Eddy Kwessi
Summary: Synaptic plasticity has attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community, especially neuroscientists. Early rules of synaptic plasticity focused on the mechanisms of strengthening or weakening synapses, but did not consider the bounded growth of synaptic weights. In this letter, a synaptic plasticity rule inspired by the Allee effect is proposed, which can satisfy properties such as synaptic normalization, competition between weights, decorrelation potential, and dynamic stability.
NEURAL COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Mirjam Kalusa, Maren D. Heinrich, Christine Sauerland, Markus Morawski, Simone A. Fietz
Summary: This study compares the patterns of neocortex neurogenesis and maturation in the precocial guinea pig and altricial dwarf rabbit. It reveals that neurogenesis starts later and takes longer in the precocial species, while the altricial species contains a higher abundance of highly proliferative basal progenitors. The study also shows that the precocial guinea pig neocortex exhibits a higher maturation status at birth.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Shonali Dhingra, Federico Calegari
Summary: This article reviews a wealth of research in cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies on the mammalian hippocampus, aiming to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Despite accumulating knowledge on how the hippocampus processes and stores information for learning and memory, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains incomplete. The article discusses the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and proposes a model that suggests differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades may contribute to subtly different cognitive functions.
Article
Neurosciences
Marie Lods, Pierre Mortessagne, Emilie Pacary, Geoffrey Terral, Fanny Farrugia, Wilfrid Mazier, Nuria Masachs, Vanessa Charrier, Daniela Cota, Guillaume Ferreira, Djoher Nora Abrous, Sophie Tronel
Summary: Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory processes, but its direct impact on memory performance remains uncertain. This study developed a chemogenetic method to selectively activate specific populations of adult-born neurons, and demonstrated that this activation can improve the accuracy and strength of remote memory in rats. These findings suggest that stimulating adult-born neuron activity may counteract the natural decline of memory traces over time, offering new potential for treating memory problems.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sebastian Dohm-Hansen, Francisco Donoso, Paul J. Lucassen, Gerard Clarke, Yvonne M. Nolan
Summary: This article discusses the potential role of the gut microbiome in connecting the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal neurogenesis. Mechanisms associated with neuronal excitability, neuroinflammation, and gut microbial metabolites are highlighted as potential links between the gut microbiota and TLE.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Youtong Huang, Greg Lemke
Summary: Recurrent seizures, which may contribute to the pathogenesis and cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease, are common in early-stage AD and mouse models that overproduce amyloid beta. In a study of the APP/PS1 mouse model, it was found that the mutation of TAM receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Mer or its ligand Gas6 significantly increased the risk of early death, which was tied to violent seizures originating in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. TAM-deficient mice showed increased newborn DG neurons and excitatory synapses, coinciding with premature death and adult neurogenesis. In contrast, the incidence of lethal seizures was strongly anticorrelated with the deposition of dense-core amyloid plaques. These findings suggest that TAM-mediated phagocytosis influences synaptic connectivity in the hippocampus and that seizure-inducing amyloid beta polymers are present before the formation of dense-core plaques.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu-Ju Chen, Shin-Meng Deng, Hui-Wen Chen, Chi-Hui Tsao, Wei-Ting Chen, Sin-Jhong Cheng, Hsien-Sung Huang, Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan, Martin M. Matzuk, Jonathan Flint, Guo-Jen Huang
Summary: The study identifies follistatin (Fst) as a key player in learning and adult neurogenesis, with Fst knockout leading to deficits in spatial learning and memory. Overexpression of Fst can reverse these impairments, suggesting a critical role for Fst in cognitive functions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kristina A. Simeone, Julianne C. Wilke, Stephanie A. Matthews, Timothy A. Simeone, Jong M. Rho
Summary: The study provides evidence that metabolic therapies like the ketogenic diet may have a protective effect on reducing cell loss in the hippocampus of epileptic mice. This protection may involve mechanisms beyond just reducing seizure activity and could play a role in promoting or restoring hippocampal morphological integrity.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shou-Zen Fan, Chih-Wei Sung, Yi-Hsuan Tsai, Sheng-Rong Yeh, Wei-Sheng Lin, Pei-Yu Wang
Summary: The reduced expression of the Indy gene has been shown to extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, as well as improve the metabolic health of Mus musculus by inducing a physiological status similar to dietary restriction. The deletion of the mammalian Indy gene (mIndy, SLC13A5) in mice significantly enhances memory performance and motor coordination, similar to what is observed in animals under dietary restriction. Tissue-specific deletion of mIndy in the nervous system is sufficient to improve memory performance, indicating a critical role for brain-derived mIndy expression in regulating memory function.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claudia Fuchs, Giorgio Medici, Stefania Trazzi, Laura Gennaccaro, Giuseppe Galvani, Chiara Berteotti, Elise Ren, Manuela Loi, Elisabetta Ciani
Article
Neurosciences
Fiorenza Stagni, Maria Elisa Salvalai, Andrea Giacomini, Marco Emili, Beatrice Uguagliati, Er Xia, Mariagrazia Grilli, Renata Bartesaghi, Sandra Guidi
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2019)
Correction
Neurosciences
Manuela Loi, Stefania Trazzi, Claudia Fuchs, Giuseppe Galvani, Giorgio Medici, Laura Gennaccaro, Marianna Tassinari, Elisabetta Ciani
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Manuela Loi, Stefania Trazzi, Claudia Fuchs, Giuseppe Galvani, Giorgio Medici, Laura Gennaccaro, Marianna Tassinari, Elisabetta Ciani
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fiorenza Stagni, Andrea Giacomini, Marco Emili, Beatrice Uguagliati, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Renata Bartesaghi, Sandra Guidi
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Marco Emili, Fiorenza Stagni, Maria Elisa Salvalai, Beatrice Uguagliati, Andrea Giacomini, Christelle Albac, Marie-Claude Potier, Mariagrazia Grilli, Renata Bartesaghi, Sandra Guidi
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2020)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Marco Emili, Sandra Guidi, Beatrice Uguagliati, Andrea Giacomini, Renata Bartesaghi, Fiorenza Stagni
Summary: Flavonoids, especially 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), have shown potential as a treatment for brain and body pathologies. A comprehensive review of more than 180 preclinical studies reveals promising results, suggesting the usefulness of 7,8-DHF supplementation as therapy or adjuvant for these conditions.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Beatrice Uguagliati, Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi, Fiorenza Stagni, Marco Emili, Andrea Giacomini, Sandra Guidi, Jens Randel Nyengaard, Renata Bartesaghi
Summary: The study found early dendritic alterations in the hippocampus of Ts65Dn pups, indicating that the model is suitable for studying dendritic pathology in DS and testing early therapeutic interventions to improve hippocampal development and memory functions in children with DS. This evidence suggests that the onset of dendritic pathology, a cause of intellectual disability in DS, is detectable in the dentate gyrus of Ts65Dn mice.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fiorenza Stagni, Beatrice Uguagliati, Marco Emili, Andrea Giacomini, Renata Bartesaghi, Sandra Guidi
Summary: The study suggests that the use of 7,8-DHF can improve or restore overall brain proliferation potency in prenatal Ts65Dn mice, with mild long-term effects. However, further research is needed to determine if treatment can extend into the neonatal period to achieve sustained improvement in brain development in adulthood.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Beatrice Uguagliati, Fiorenza Stagni, Marco Emili, Andrea Giacomini, Carla Russo, Sandra Guidi, Renata Bartesaghi
Summary: This study demonstrates the presence of dendritic alterations in neonatal Ts65Dn mice, mainly involving the basal and apical domains. These findings are important for understanding the mechanisms underlying dendritic alterations in DS and for developing therapeutic interventions.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Lavinia Bartolucci, Chiara Berteotti, Sara Alvente, Stefano Bastianini, Sandra Guidi, Viviana Lo Martire, Gabriele Matteoli, Alessandro Silvani, Fiorenza Stagni, Marcello Bosi, Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti, Renata Bartesaghi, Giovanna Zoccoli
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the presence of obstructive sleep apneas (OSA) in wild-type mice, and found that both central (CSA) and obstructive sleep apneas occur in mice. Ts65Dn mice had a significantly higher occurrence rate of OSA during REM sleep, and a significantly lower occurrence rate of CSA during non-REM sleep compared to euploid controls.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Valenti, Fiorenza Stagni, Marco Emili, Sandra Guidi, Renata Bartesaghi, Rosa Anna Vacca
Summary: This study found that brain mitochondrial bioenergetic defects are present in Ts65Dn pups and early treatment with 7,8-DHF can positively impact mitochondrial function. These findings suggest the potential of 7,8-DHF as a translational treatment for neurodevelopmental alterations in Down syndrome.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Francesca Paris, Pasquale Marrazzo, Valeria Pizzuti, Cosetta Marchionni, Maura Rossi, Martina Michelotti, Biljana Petrovic, Elisabetta Ciani, Giuliana Simonazzi, Andrea Pession, Laura Bonsi, Francesco Alviano
Summary: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the loss of insulin-producing cells. This study aims to establish a reliable cellular model for regenerative medicine applications in T1DM, using a co-culture spheroid of amniotic epithelial cells and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuela Loi, Stefano Bastianini, Giulia Candini, Nicola Rizzardi, Giorgio Medici, Valentina Papa, Laura Gennaccaro, Nicola Mottolese, Marianna Tassinari, Beatrice Uguagliati, Chiara Berteotti, Viviana Lo Martire, Giovanna Zoccoli, Giovanna Cenacchi, Stefania Trazzi, Christian Bergamini, Elisabetta Ciani
Summary: CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Mouse models of CDD have helped understand the role of CDKL5 in brain development and function. This study reveals cardiac alterations in Cdkl5 +/- mice, including prolonged QT interval, increased heart rate, fibrosis, altered gap junction organization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ROS production. These findings provide new insights into the function of CDKL5 in heart structure/function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
F. Stagni, M. E. Salvalai, S. Guidi, A. Giacomini, M. Emili, B. Uguagliati, M. Grilli, R. Bartesaghi
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.