Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Camila Gherardelli, Pedro Cisternas, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
Summary: Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism is an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Lithium has been shown to stimulate glucose uptake and metabolism, potentially acting as a therapeutic agent in AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noemi Esteras, Thomas S. Blacker, Evgeny A. Zherebtsov, Olga A. Stelmashuk, Ying Zhang, W. Christian Wigley, Michael R. Duchen, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Andrey Y. Abramov
Summary: The transcription factor Nrf2 and its repressor Keap1 play a crucial role in cell stress adaptation by regulating gene expression related to cellular detoxification, antioxidant defense, and energy metabolism. This study investigated the impact of Nrf2 on glucose distribution and the connection between NADH production in energy metabolism and NADPH homeostasis using glio-neuronal cultures. The findings showed that Nrf2 activation enhances glucose uptake in neurons and astrocytes, with prioritized consumption for mitochondria-related energy production rather than NADPH synthesis in the pentose phosphate pathway.
Article
Neurosciences
Lidia Emmanuela Wiazowski Spelta, Caroline Cristiano Real, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel, Daniele de Paula Faria, Tania Marcourakis
Summary: We investigated the effects of cocaine-induced peripheral activation on brain [F-18]FDG uptake and proposed an optimal protocol for measuring cocaine-induced brain metabolic alterations in mice. Our findings suggest that anesthesia is essential for visualizing cocaine-induced changes in brain metabolism using [F-18]FDG PET, providing a valuable preclinical approach for studying cocaine use disorder.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anne Abot, Eve Wemelle, Claire Laurens, Adrien Paquot, Nicolas Pomie, Deborah Carper, Arnaud Bessac, Xavier Mas Orea, Christophe Fremez, Maxime Fontanie, Alexandre Lucas, Jean Lesage, Amandine Everard, Etienne Meunier, Gilles Dietrich, Giulio G. Muccioli, Cedric Moro, Patrice D. Cani, Claude Knauf
Summary: Modulating gut microbiota with prebiotics can alter the actions of enteric neurons, thereby controlling duodenal contraction and attenuating hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. New enterosynes, such as enkephalin and 12-HETE, were identified with potential beneficial and safe impact in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Cell Biology
Fei Yan, Ju Liu, Mei-Xiang Chen, Ying Zhang, Sheng-Jiao Wei, Hai Jin, Jing Nie, Xiao-Long Fu, Jing-Shan Shi, Shao-Yu Zhou, Feng Jin
Summary: Icariin improves learning and memory impairments in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by regulating brain insulin signaling and glucose transporters.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Suelen Santos Alves, Gabriel Servilha-Menezes, Leticia Rossi, Rui Milton Patricio da Silva Junior, Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
Summary: Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been a question whether insulin has any roles in the brain. The identification of insulin receptors in the central nervous system has fueled investigations of insulin functions in the brain. It is known that insulin can influence glucose reuptake by neurons, especially during high energy-demand activities. The high density of insulin receptors in the hippocampus suggests important roles of insulin related to memory. In this context, disturbed insulin signaling in experimental animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reviewed.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Suryapriya Ulaganathan, Arunkumar Pitchaimani
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, and understanding its underlying mechanisms is still a challenge. Current animal models fail to accurately mimic the pathology of AD, both in familial and sporadic variants. This review highlights the gaps in AD models and discusses recent advancements in in vitro and chimeric AD models.
Article
Cell Biology
Xianyuan Xiang, Karin Wind, Thomas Wiedemann, Tanja Blume, Yuan Shi, Nils Briel, Leonie Beyer, Gloria Biechele, Florian Eckenweber, Artem Zatcepin, Sven Lammich, Sara Ribicic, Sabina Tahirovic, Michael Willem, Maximilian Deussing, Carla Palleis, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Franz-Josef Gildehaus, Simon Lindner, Charlotte Spitz, Nicolai Franzmeier, Karlheinz Baumann, Axel Rominger, Peter Bartenstein, Sibylle Ziegler, Alexander Drzezga, Gesine Respondek, Katharina Buerger, Robert Perneczky, Johannes Levin, Guenter U. Hoeglinger, Jochen Herms, Christian Haass, Matthias Brendel
Summary: The study found that microglial cells displayed higher glucose uptake compared to neurons and astrocytes in mouse models and patients with neurodegenerative diseases, impacting FDG-PET signal alterations. Both Alzheimer's disease and tauopathy patients showed a positive association between glucose uptake and microglial activity, suggesting that microglial activation states play a key role in influencing cerebral glucose uptake in humans.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meiying Song, Xiang Fan
Summary: Elderly people over the age of 65 are most susceptible to Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is associated with apparent metabolic alterations. Currently, there is no cure for AD, and only a few drugs have been approved by the FDA to alleviate its symptoms. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials have investigated the impact of adjusting whole-body and intracellular metabolism on the development of AD. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondria play a crucial role by initiating a stress response, leading to healthy aging and neuroprotection. There is also growing awareness of the differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to metabolism and the microbiome. Mitochondrial bioenergetics, quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondrial-linked inflammatory responses are considered potential therapeutic targets for AD. This review summarizes and highlights these recent advancements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Snehal Raut, Aditya Bhalerao, Michael Powers, Minelly Gonzalez, Salvatore Mancuso, Luca Cucullo
Summary: The brain relies on glucose as its main source of energy, which is transported across the blood-brain barrier by glucose transporters. Glucose is then metabolized into ATP to support cellular functions. Medical conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease can impair brain metabolism, leading to neurological symptoms.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhili Guo, Hanjun Cheng, Zhonghan Li, Shiqun Shao, Priyanka Sarkar, Siwen Wang, Rohit Chaudhuri, Nicole G. Perkins, Fei Ji, Wei Wei, Min Xue
Summary: This study presents a chemical approach to analyze fatty acid uptake in single cells, which involved using azide-modified analogues and surface-immobilized dendrimers with DBCO groups. By integrating this method into a microfluidics-based multiplex protein analysis platform, the researchers were able to explore the relationships between fatty acid influx, oncogenic signaling activities, and cell proliferation. The study revealed differential correlations between p70S6K and 4EBP1 with fatty acid uptake, and demonstrated synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation through co-targeting p70S6K and fatty acid metabolism. This work provided new insights into cancer biology by studying fatty acid metabolism in the context of protein signaling at single-cell resolution.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Na Zhao, Bo Xu
Summary: Physical exercise shows potential as an intervention for Alzheimer's disease, possibly through improving brain glucose metabolism, which existing therapeutic approaches have failed to address.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jingjuan Wang, Hongwei Yang, Bixiao Cui, Baoci Shan, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigated the potential effects of MRI protocols on brain FDG uptake in simultaneous PET/MR imaging. The results showed that different MRI scan protocols had varied effects on FDG uptake, including effects from other practical settings. The effects of MRI stimulation on FDG uptake were most significant when MRI protocol started immediately after glucose uptake but dramatically decreased to negligible levels 40 minutes later. Therefore, it is necessary for pathology studies to collect data from a normal control group using the same scan protocol for unbiased evaluation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abu Zaffar Shibly, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Makoto Michikawa, Shatera Tabassum, Abul Kalam Azad, Xiaojing Zhou, Yuchi Zhang, Shozo Yano, Atsushi Nagai
Summary: Amyloid beta (A beta) peptide is deposited in the brains of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to impaired vessel-dependent clearance. Time-dependent cerebrovascular changes were found in AD model mice, with A beta appearing in vessels from 3 months and vessel density decreasing at 9 months in J20 mice. Decreased claudin-5 and increased VEGF expression were observed throughout the study.
Review
Oncology
Jing Li, Xin Wang, Mudan Ren, Shuixiang He, Yan Zhao
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathogenesis and drug development for HCC. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the classification, characteristics, and advances in experimental animal models of HCC, serving as a reference for researchers in model selection.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.