Article
Neurosciences
Lucile Ben Haim, Lucas Schirmer, Amel Zulji, Khalida Sabeur, Brice Tiret, Matthieu Ribon, Sandra Chang, Wouter H. Lamers, Severine Boillee, Myriam M. Chaumeil, David H. Rowitch
Summary: The study suggests that GS is expressed in myelinating oligodendrocytes in the ventral spinal cord of mice and humans, but not in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Kathryn Brewer, Pascual Torres, Victoria Ayala, Manuel Portero-Otin, Reinald Pamplona, Pol Andres-Benito, Isidro Ferrer, Joan J. Guinovart, Jordi Duran
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss in the spinal cord. Glycogen accumulation in reactive astrocytes has been found to contribute to neurotoxicity and disease progression in ALS. This study demonstrates that glycogen accumulates in the spinal cord and brainstem of ALS mice and is associated with reactive astrocytes. The reduced glycogen synthesis in ALS mice leads to a longer lifespan and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine Cxcl10, suggesting that glycogen accumulation is linked to inflammation and disease progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Clarissa F. Cavarsan, Preston R. Steele, Landon T. Genry, Emily J. Reedich, Lynn M. McCane, Kay J. LaPre, Alyssa C. Puritz, Marin Manuel, Natallia Katenka, Katharina A. Quinlan
Summary: This study found that inhibitory interneurons in patients with ALS show altered function and morphology, which could result in an imbalance between excitation and inhibition and serve as early biomarkers of the disease.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Eva Sykova, Dasa Cizkova, Sarka Kubinova
Summary: MSCs, as candidates in regenerative medicine, have shown significant therapeutic potential in animal experiments and clinical studies due to their immunomodulatory, paracrine, and neural stimulation effects.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Koh Tadokoro, Toru Yamashita, Jingwei Shang, Yasuyuki Ohta, Emi Nomura, Ryuta Morihara, Yoshio Omote, Mami Takemoto, Koji Abe
Summary: The molecular switch from the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to autophagy in ALS not only occurred in motor neurons but also in astroglia, exacerbating the production of protein aggregates.
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. Khamaysa, M. Lefort, M. Pelegrini-Issac, A. Lackmy-Vallee, A. Preuilh, D. Devos, A. -S. Rolland, C. Desnuelle, M. Chupin, V. Marchand-Pauvert, G. Querin, Pierre-Francois Pradat
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of cervical spinal cord MRI parameters for motor capacity in ALS compared to clinical prognostic factors. Structural MRI measurements were significantly correlated with the ALSFRS-R score and its sub-scores. Multiple linear regression models combining spinal multimodal MRI and clinical factors could predict motor capacity in ALS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Oumayma Aousji, Simone Feldengut, Stefano Antonucci, Michael Schoen, Tobias M. Boeckers, Jakob Matschke, Christian Mawrin, Albert C. Ludolph, Kelly Del Tredici, Francesco Roselli, Heiko Braak
Summary: This study investigated the loss of synapses associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and found that ALS patients exhibited a substantial loss of synapses in the ventral horn of lumbar and cervical spinal cord. The extent of synaptic loss was correlated with disease duration, clinical site of onset, and loss of α-motoneurons, but not with the fraction of pTDP-43-immunopositive α-motoneurons. These findings validate the synaptic pathology observed in other models and suggest the critical role of pathogenic pathways in the spinal microenvironment in the progressive disassembly of local synaptic connectivity.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. Khamaysa, M. Lefort, M. Pelegrini-Issac, A. Lackmy-Vallee, M. M. El Mendili, A. Preuilh, D. Devos, G. Bruneteau, F. Salachas, T. Lenglet, Md. M. Amador, N. Le Forestier, A. Hesters, J. Gonzalez, A. -S. Rolland, C. Desnuelle, M. Chupin, G. Querin, M. Georges, C. Morelot-Panzini, V. Marchand-Pauvert, P. -F. Pradat, Pulse Study Grp
Summary: This study demonstrates that brainstem volumes and spinal cord area are promising indicators for predicting respiratory intervention needs in ALS patients, with the combined model incorporating predictors from multiple models yielding the best predictive performance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Komugi Tsuruta, Takato Shidara, Hiroko Miyagishi, Hiroshi Nango, Yoshihiko Nakatani, Naoto Suzuki, Taku Amano, Toyofumi Suzuki, Yasuhiro Kosuge
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that Miyako Bidens pilosa extract (MBP) inhibited the activation of M1 microglia and macrophages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model mice, as well as suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic effect of MBP in ALS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin-Hui Hor, Munirah Mohamad Santosa, Valerie Jing Wen Lim, Beatrice Xuan Ho, Amy Taylor, Zi Jian Khong, John Ravits, Yong Fan, Yih-Cherng Liou, Boon-Seng Soh, Shi-Yan Ng
Summary: The study found that ALS patients' neurons exhibit a specific deficiency in mitochondrial respiration compared to healthy controls, which is attributed to hyper-acetylation of mitochondrial proteins. Activating the mitochondrial protein SIRT3 can reverse the metabolic defects in ALS neurons and correct a constellation of ALS-associated phenotypes.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Aquilina-Reid, Samuel Brennan, Ashton Curry-Hyde, Guus M. Teunisse, Michael Janitz
Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly abundant and conserved long noncoding RNAs that can act as microRNA sponges, affecting gene expression. This study analyzed ALS patient samples to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and explored their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for ALS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mohamed Mounir El Mendili, Annie Verschueren, Jean-Philippe Ranjeva, Maxime Guye, Shahram Attarian, Wafaa Zaaraoui, Aude-Marie Grapperon
Summary: The study aims to investigate the contributions of brain and upper cervical spinal cord atrophy to disease aggressiveness in ALS. MRI measurements of brain grey and white matter, brainstem sub-structures volumes, and spinal cord cross-sectional area were taken. Results showed significant atrophy in fast progressors compared to healthy controls and slow progressors. Brain grey matter volume correlated with ALSFRS-R progression rate and scores at 3 and 6 months. Medulla oblongata volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area were also correlated with ALSFRS-R scores at 3 months. MRI measurements had high performance in discriminating between fast and slow progressors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Marini, Vanessa Cossu, Mandeep Kumar, Marco Milanese, Katia Cortese, Silvia Bruno, Grazia Bellese, Sonia Carta, Roberta Arianna Zerbo, Carola Torazza, Matteo Bauckneht, Consuelo Venturi, Stefano Raffa, Anna Maria Orengo, Maria Isabella Donegani, Silvia Chiola, Silvia Ravera, Patrizia Castellani, Silvia Morbelli, Gianmario Sambuceti, Giambattista Bonanno
Summary: Recent studies have shown that ALS affects the spinal cord and motor cortex differently, with FDG uptake increased in the former and decreased in the latter. Research on astrocytes from ALS mice revealed that mutated MC cells had increased redox stress and decreased antioxidant capacity, while mutated SC cells showed higher endurance against oxidative damage. The SOD1(G93A) mutation selectively enhanced tracer retention in mutated SC astrocytes, matching activity of specific metabolic pathways. Additionally, both mutated MC and SC astrocytes had enlarged endoplasmic reticulum and impaired ER-mitochondria networking, more prominently in MC cells.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin G. Trist, Sian Genoud, Stephane Roudeau, Alexander Rookyard, Amr Abdeen, Veronica Cottam, Dominic J. Hare, Melanie White, Jens Altvater, Jennifer A. Fifita, Alison Hogan, Natalie Grima, Ian P. Blair, Kai Kysenius, Peter J. Crouch, Asuncion Carmona, Yann Rufin, Stephane Claverol, Stijn Van Malderen, Gerald Falkenberg, David J. Paterson, Bradley Smith, Claire Troakes, Caroline Vance, Christopher E. Shaw, Safa Al-Sarraj, Stuart Cordwell, Glenda Halliday, Richard Ortega, Kay L. Double
Summary: This study examined the changes in SOD1 protein in post-mortem spinal cord tissues of ALS patients. The results showed mislocalization and accumulation of SOD1 protein in motor neurons of ALS patients, which was associated with instability and mismetallation of enzymatically active SOD1 dimers, as well as alterations to SOD1 post-translational modifications and molecular chaperones governing SOD1 maturation. These changes mostly occurred in regions of neurodegeneration and differentiated ALS patients from controls effectively.
Article
Neuroimaging
Robert L. Barry, Angel Torrado-Carvajal, John E. Kirsch, Grae E. Arabasz, Daniel S. Albrecht, Zeynab Alshelh, Olivia Pijanowski, Austin J. Lewis, Mackenzie Keegan, Beverly Reynolds, Paulina C. Knight, Erin J. Morrissey, Marco L. Loggia, Nazem Atassi, Jacob M. Hooker, Suma Babu
Summary: This study used MRI to investigate spinal cord atrophy in ALS patients and found significant atrophy in the cervical enlargement, but no evidence of atrophy in the thoracolumbar enlargement. These results suggest that studying the cervical cord may be sufficient for understanding spinal cord atrophy in ALS, and that atrophy of the cervical enlargement can serve as an imaging marker for quantifying lower motor neuron degradation.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.