Diabetes induces changes in ILK, PINCH and components of related pathways in the spinal cord of rats

Recent work suggests that diabetes affects processing of peripheral, spinal and supraspinal signals in the spinal cord. However, there is little evidence for spinal cord lesions that would account for alterations in behavioral responses induced by experimental diabetes. Therefore, we assessed the expression of proteins that might affect neuronal cytoskeletal stability and thus promote dendritic and synaptic reorganization in diabetic rats. Expression of ILK, PINCH, PI3K, GSK-3 beta, tau, MAP2, synaptophysin and drebrin in the lumbar spinal cord of non-diabetic and streptozotocin-diabetic rats was assessed by Western-blot analysis and immunocytochemistry after 8 and 20 weeks of diabetes. The impact of diabetes on the proteins studied was duration-dependent with changes observed after 20 but not 8 weeks of diabetes. ILK and PINCH proteins levels were significantly decreased and both colocalized to neurons and oligodendrocytes. PI3K protein levels were also significantly decreased, while GSK-3 beta activity tended to be increased. Phosphorylation of tau and MAP2A/B protein expression were significantly increased, and expression of synaptophysin and drebrin were reduced in diabetic rats. Decreased ILK and PINCH as well as alterations of components of related signaling pathways are associated with tau hyperphosphorylation, MAP2 overexpression and reduction of synaptic proteins in the spinal cord of diabetic rats, suggesting that ILK and PINCH contribute to stabilization of axonal and dendritic structures. However, these changes are not likely the cause of altered behavioral responses in diabetic rats that occur after short-term diabetes, but may contribute to structural changes occurring in long-term diabetes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.