Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Matthew Ricci, Junkyung Kim, Fredrik Johansson
Summary: The cerebellar Purkinje cell controls eyeblinks and can learn, remember, and reproduce the timing of stimuli in a classical conditioning paradigm. Previous models suggest that the perception of time is represented in upstream networks, but direct stimulation of the Purkinje cell during conditioning still results in a well-timed response. Furthermore, experimental findings indicate that the acquired Purkinje cell response is insensitive to variations in the temporal structure of probe stimulation, motivating the development of alternative models.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Justine Fam, Billy Chieng, R. Frederick Westbrook, Vincent Laurent, Nathan M. Holmes
Summary: This study investigated how animals process contradictory information by conducting second-order fear conditioning in rats. The results showed that the brain is capable of encoding competing associations in different brain regions to resolve the contradiction.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Sadnicka, Lorenzo Rocchi, Anna Latorre, Elena Antelmi, James Teo, Isabel Parees, Britt S. Hoffland, Kristian Brock, Katja Kornysheva, Mark J. Edwards, Kailash P. Bhatia, John C. Rothwell
Summary: This study aimed to examine the influence of dystonia on eyeblink conditioning and explore its relationship with sex, age, and dystonia subtypes. The results showed that isolated dystonia and its subtypes had similar eyeblink conditioning levels compared to the control group, and a wide range of variability was observed in both healthy individuals and dystonia patients. This finding suggests that there is no global cerebellar learning deficit in isolated dystonia.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Elmo P. Pulli, Saara Nolvi, Eeva Eskola, Elisabeth Nordenswan, Eeva Holmberg, Anni Copeland, Venla Kumpulainen, Eero Silver, Harri Merisaari, Jani Saunavaara, Riitta Parkkola, Tuire Lahdesmaki, Ekaterina Saukko, Eeva-Leena Kataja, Riikka Korja, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Jetro J. Tuulari
Summary: Non-verbal cognitive ability has predictive value for various important aspects of life, such as school and job performance. This study examined the associations between cortical anatomy and non-verbal cognitive ability in 165 5-year-old children. The results showed positive associations between non-verbal cognitive ability and volumes/surface areas in specific brain regions, highlighting the importance of cortical structure in cognitive development in young children.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rui Li, Qi Li, Xiaolei Chu, Lan Li, Xiaoyi Li, Juan Li, Zhen Yang, Mingjing Xu, Changlu Luo, Kui Zhang
Summary: This study establishes a behavioral model to investigate the role of the cerebellar cortex in associative learning and memory. The results show that successful conditioning can be achieved in certain experimental groups, suggesting the importance of the cerebellum in eyeblink conditioning.
OPEN LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Danielle I. Fournier, Han Yin Cheng, Siobhan Robinson, Travis P. Todd
Summary: This study focuses on the neuroanatomical basis of higher-order conditioning, specifically examining the role of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in sensory preconditioning and second-order conditioning. Research findings suggest that the RSC plays a role in sensory preconditioning by encoding neutral stimulus-stimulus associations.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Emiliano Trimarco, Pierandrea Mirino, Daniele Caligiore
Summary: Children with ASD show abnormal behavior during delay eyeblink conditioning, with a higher conditioned response learning rate and earlier peak latency. A spiking neuron model suggests that these atypical learning patterns may be linked to reduced Purkinje cell numbers and hyper-connections of the cerebellum with sensory and motor cortex. The model has been validated using behavioral data from real children, providing a starting point for understanding the link between ASD learning and neurobiological basis.
FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Richard J. Stevenson, Martin R. Yeomans, Heather M. Francis
Summary: Hunger is a bodily sensation and a mental state of anticipation, formed through learning and memory. Associations between internal and external cues with food are learned, and when encountered, these cues trigger food-related memory retrieval. The affective content of the memory allows one to determine if food will be good to eat. Satiety and biological factors inhibit these memory processes, modulating hunger.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jessica C. Lee
Summary: While there is ample evidence of second-order conditioning in non-human animals, the evidence for this phenomenon in humans is limited. The author reviews existing literature and discusses potential factors such as interaction with conditioned inhibition that may contribute to the difficulty in observing second-order conditioning in humans. The conclusion is that second-order conditioning is a real but challenging phenomenon to study in humans, with directions for future research suggested.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ya Zhang, Kexin Shi, Xiaoling Luo, Yi Chen, Yucheng Wang, Hong Qu
Summary: This study proposes a novel biologically inspired auto-associative (BIAA) network to explore the structure, encoding, and formation of associative memory and extend its application to real-world scenarios. The network imitates the organization of cortical minicolumns and incorporates synaptic delay and theta oscillation in the neuron dynamic process. By combining associative learning dynamics with the sparse temporal population (STP) coding scheme, the network achieves efficient storage and inference. Experimental results demonstrate its successful performance in sequence retrieval and recovery.
Article
Neurosciences
Rongrong Li, Weiwei Zhang, Jie Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Hui Chen, Zhian Hu, Zhongxiang Yao, Hao Chen, Bo Hu
Summary: This study investigates the role of hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) in associative learning. The researchers found that PV-INs exhibited sustained activity during the early stage of learning, and this activity was correlated with the occurrence of conditioned responses. Suppression of PV-IN activity impaired the acquisition of associative learning, and disrupted hippocampal gamma band oscillation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Wayson Maturana, Isabela Lobo, J. Landeira-Fernandez, Daniel C. Mograbi
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and the presence of brain abnormalities. This review explores the impact of Alzheimer's disease on nondeclarative associative learning, such as eyeblink conditioning and fear conditioning. Evidence suggests that nondeclarative learning is also affected by Alzheimer's disease, but some forms may be relatively preserved. The findings have implications for understanding the effects of the disease on different types of memory.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Henk-Jan Boele, Sangyun Joung, Joanne E. Fil, Austin T. Mudd, Stephen A. Fleming, Sebastiaan K. E. Koekkoek, Ryan N. Dilger
Summary: By conducting eyeblink conditioning experiments on 3-week-old pigs, it has been demonstrated for the first time that young pigs have the potential to be a valuable behavioral tool in measuring neurodevelopment through cerebellar classical conditioning tasks.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wei-Wei Zhang, Rong-Rong Li, Jie Zhang, Jie Yan, Qian-Hui Zhang, Zhi-An Hu, Bo Hu, Zhong-Xiang Yao, Hao Chen
Summary: Using in vivo multi-channel recording and optogenetics, researchers found that hippocampal interneurons exhibited conditioned stimulus (CS)-evoked sustained activity, which played a predictive role in the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs) in the early acquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC). Optogenetic suppression of the sustained activity of hippocampal interneurons impaired the acquisition of tEBC, suggesting the crucial role of these interneurons in associative learning.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chao Yang, Xiaoping Wang, Zhanfei Chen, Zilu Wang, Sen Zhang, Zhigang Zeng
Summary: This work proposes a bio-inspired decision-making memristive circuit drawing on Hull's secondary learning system. The circuit can mimic decision-making processes initiated by secondary drive stimuli and shaped by secondary reinforcers through classical conditioning and operant conditioning. It also considers factors influencing decision-making, such as demand states, incentive motivation, and habit strength. The proposed circuit includes modules for classical conditioning, drive regulation, habit memory, incentive generation, and winner-takes-all, designed using a modular hierarchical circuit design method. The circuit utilizes memristors to perform brain-like online learning in an in-memory computing manner, providing power and area advantages. PSPICE-based simulations demonstrate the circuit's strong adaptive decision-making ability, making it applicable to bionic intelligent robots for complex tasks like detection and rescue.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elke R. Gizewski, Hannes Deutschmann, Michael Knoflach, Lukas Mayer-Suess, Thomas Gattringer
CARDIOVASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Noora Tuovinen, Nursen Yalcin-Siedentopf, Anna-Sophia Welte, Christian M. Siedentopf, Ruth Steiger, Elke R. Gizewski, Alex Hofer
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between personality traits, behavioral measures, and metabolite ratios, finding gender differences in metabolite correlates and personality traits.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Mangesius, Lukas Haider, Lukas Lenhart, Ruth Steiger, Ferran Prados Carrasco, Christoph Scherfler, Elke R. Gizewski
Summary: Brain volumetric software is widely used in clinical practice, but the agreement across different software applications is limited. This study found moderate to low agreement among different applications in categorizing hippocampal volumes. Despite the quantitative differences, the volumetric measures derived from different software still differed significantly from the mean value.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Violeta Valcheva, Claudia Perea, Tanya Savova-Lalkovska, Albena Dimitrova, Lukasz Radulski, Igor Mokrousov, Krustyu Marinov, Hristo Najdenski, Magdalena Bonovska
Summary: The recent Mycobacterium bovis/M. caprae isolates from Bulgaria showed significant molecular diversity, with most isolates exhibiting a high level of genetic divergence. Limited active transmission of bTB in Bulgaria during the survey period was suggested by the phylogenetic analysis, while the possibility of endemic presence of circulating bTB strains could not be completely ruled out.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ekaterina N. Gorshkova, Lecerf Maxime, Irina V. Astrakhantseva, Ekaterina A. Vasilenko, Olga V. Starkina, Natalya A. Ilyukina, Petya A. Dimitrova, Jordan D. Dimitrov, Tchavdar L. Vassilev
Summary: Polyreactive antibodies play an important role in defending against pathogen dissemination in pre-immune hosts. This study reveals that human IgA antibodies can increase reactivity with bacterial and viral antigens under certain conditions, showing therapeutic potential.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrea Quattrone, Maria G. Bianco, Angelo Antonini, David E. Vaillancourt, Klaus Seppi, Roberto Ceravolo, Antonio P. Strafella, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Alessandro Tessitore, Roberto Cilia, Maurizio Morelli, Salvatore Nigro, Basilio Vescio, Pier Paolo Arcuri, Rosa De Micco, Mario Cirillo, Luca Weis, Eleonora Fiorenzato, Roberta Biundo, Roxana G. Burciu, Florian Krismer, Nikolaus R. McFarland, Christoph Mueller, Elke R. Gizewski, Mirco Cosottini, Eleonora Del Prete, Sonia Mazzucchi, Aldo Quattrone
Summary: This study developed an automated Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index 2.0 (MRPI 2.0) algorithm to differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism (PSP-P) from Parkinson's disease (PD) and validated its diagnostic performance in two large independent cohorts. The automated MRPI 2.0 showed excellent performance in distinguishing PSP-P from PD and control subjects in both cohorts, suggesting its generalizability. The use of the automated MRPI 2.0 algorithm could standardize measures in patients with PSP-P across centers and have a positive impact on multicenter studies and clinical trials.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Alice Treichl, Wing Mann Ho, Ruth Steiger, Astrid Ellen Grams, Andreas Rietzler, Markus Luger, Elke Ruth Gizewski, Claudius Thome, Ondra Petr
Summary: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and diagnostic potential of early 31P-MRS in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The results showed that 31P-MRS can detect significant changes in cerebral energy metabolism in different cerebrovascular territories, providing valuable information for understanding early brain injury.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Malik Galijasevic, Ruth Steiger, Stephanie Mangesius, Julian Mangesius, Johannes Kerschbaumer, Christian Franz Freyschlag, Nadja Gruber, Tanja Janjic, Elke Ruth Gizewski, Astrid Ellen Grams
Summary: This review provides an insight into the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis and follow-up of gliomas. It covers both proton and phosphorous MRS techniques in clinical and scientific practice, including preoperative grade prediction and post-treatment follow-up. The review also discusses the current research utility and possible future strategies of proton and phosphorous MRS in glioma research.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nadja Gruber, Malik Galijasevic, Milovan Regodic, Astrid Ellen Grams, Christian Siedentopf, Ruth Steiger, Marlene Hammerl, Markus Haltmeier, Elke Ruth Gizewski, Tanja Janjic
Summary: Segmentation of specific brain tissue from MRI volumes is crucial for brain disease diagnosis and monitoring. This paper presents an efficient deep learning approach using CNNs and multi-view segmentation models to improve segmentation performance. The proposed method is evaluated using expert rating and standard evaluation metrics, showing its competitive accuracy and clinical applicability.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tanya Savova-Lalkovska, Violeta Valcheva, Albena Dimitrova, Hristo Najdenski, Magdalena Bonovska
Summary: This study investigated the species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and their detection methods in bovine tuberculosis in Bulgaria. The results showed that Mycobacterium caprae is the major causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in Bulgaria, and real-time PCR and RD4-PCR are accurate and convenient detection methods.
COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE BULGARE DES SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Julian Mangesius, Stephanie Mangesius, Matthias Demetz, Christian Uprimny, Gianpaolo Di Santo, Malik Galijasevic, Danijela Minasch, Elke R. Gizewski, Ute Ganswindt, Irene Virgolini, Claudius Thome, Christian F. Freyschlag, Johannes Kerschbaumer
Summary: Radiation necrosis is a common problem in neuro-oncology, and interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary for image interpretation and patient management. This article provides an institutional guideline for using current imaging tools to differentiate radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence, and discusses therapeutic possibilities and future developments.
Article
Oncology
Valentin Karl Ladenhauf, Malik Galijasevic, Johannes Kerschbaumer, Christian Franz Freyschlag, Martha Nowosielski, Anna Maria Birkl-Toeglhofer, Johannes Haybaeck, Elke Ruth Gizewski, Stephanie Mangesius, Astrid Ellen Grams
Summary: MGMT-methylated glioblastomas have lower ADC values compared to glioblastomas without MGMT methylation in peritumoral white matter. There were no differences in enhancing tumor areas. These findings could improve predictions of MGMT status in glioblastomas.
Article
Oncology
Sarah Iglseder, Anna Iglseder, Vincent Beliveau, Johanna Heugenhauser, Elke R. Gizewski, Johannes Kerschbaumer, Guenther Stockhammer, Christian Uprimny, Irene Virgolini, Jozsef Dudas, Meinhard Nevinny-Stickel, Martha Nowosielski, Christoph Scherfler
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the correlation between somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR 1-5) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in meningioma patients using Gallium-68 DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide Positron Emission Tomography ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET). The study also developed a radiomic model based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance images (DWI MRI) to reproduce SUVmax. Results showed that SSTR subtypes 2A, 2B, and 5 correlated significantly with SUVmax in meningioma patients.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin Bendszus, Jens Fiehler, Fabien Subtil, Susanne Bonekamp, Anne Hege Aamodt, Blanca Fuentes, Elke R. Gizewski, Michael D. Hill, Antonin Krajina, Laurent Pierot, Claus Z. Simonsen, Kamil Zelenak, Rolf A. Blauenfeldt, Bastian Cheng, Angelique Denis, Hannes Deutschmann, Franziska Dorn, Fabian Flottmann, Susanne Gellissen, Johannes C. Gerber, Mayank Goyal, Jozef Haring, Christian Herweh, Silke Hopf-Jensen, Vi Tuan Hua, Maerit Jensen, Andreas Kastrup, Christiane Fee Keil, Andrej Klepanec, Egon Kurca, Ronni Mikkelsen, Markus Moehlenbruch, Stefan Mueller-Huelsbeck, Nico Muennich, Paolo Pagano, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Gabor C. Petzold, Mirko Pham, Volker Puetz, Jan Raupach, Gernot Reimann, Peter Arthur Ringleb, Maximilian Schell, Eckhard Schlemm, Silvia Schoenenberger, Bjorn Tennoe, Christian Ulfert, Katerina Valis, Eva Vitkova, Dominik F. Vollherbst, Wolfgang Wick, Goetz Thomalla
Summary: Endovascular thrombectomy is associated with improved functional outcome and lower mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion using non-contrast CT as the primary imaging modality for patient selection.
Article
Pediatrics
Maria Sappler, Nina Volleritsch, Marlene Hammerl, Yasmin Pellkofer, Elke Griesmaier, Elke Ruth Gizewski, Susanne Kaser, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Vera Neubauer
Summary: This study found that there was no impairment of brain development in GDM-exposed preterm infants compared to matched controls, but there were differences in white matter microstructure in specific regions indicating an enhanced maturation. However, neurodevelopmental outcome did not differ between the groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.