Article
Neurosciences
Liangqi Wang, Huandong Lin, Zehua Zhao, Lingyan Chen, Li Wu, Ting Liu, Jing Li, Chu-Chung Huang, Yifeng Peng, Chun-Yi Zac Lo, Xin Gao
Summary: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is associated with vascular hemodynamic alterations and reflects white matter injury. This study investigated the sex difference in tract-specific WMH and the relationship between high blood pressure (BP) and WMH in a Chinese population. The results showed that men had higher WMH in most white matter tracts compared to women. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were associated with lower WMH burden in women, while high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were associated with higher WMH burden in men.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Feng Sang, Yaojing Chen, Kewei Chen, Mingxi Dang, Shudan Gao, Zhanjun Zhang
Summary: The study found that both male and female brains show age-related decreases in gray and white matter volumes, with females experiencing a greater volume reduction. Additionally, stronger associations between brain structures and cognition were identified in males compared to females.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Daniel J. Sullivan, Xuehai Wu, Nicolas R. Gallo, Noel M. Naughton, John G. Georgiadis, Assimina A. Pelegri
Summary: A computational framework was developed to study the sensitivity of single-frequency MRE and DTI metrics to white matter microstructure and cell-level properties. The results show that both MRE and DTI metrics are highly sensitive to fiber volume fraction and the viscoelastic moduli of the glial phase.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Katrina A. Milbocker, Ian F. Smith, Eric K. Brengel, Gillian L. LeBlanc, Tania L. Roth, Anna Y. Klintsova
Summary: 1 in 20 infants are exposed to alcohol prenatally, leading to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and impairments in brain white matter development. Alcohol teratogenesis affects oligoglia in the male brain. Limited research investigates the effects on the female brain. This study demonstrates reduced oligodendrocytes and myelin production in the female brain after alcohol exposure, and the dysregulation of oligodendrocytes in both male and female FASD brains in adolescence.
Article
Neurosciences
Wendy Oost, Allard J. Huitema, Kim Kats, Ben N. G. Giepmans, Susanne M. Kooistra, Bart J. L. Eggen, Wia Baron
Summary: The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, but the specific mechanisms of disease initiation and progression remain unknown. In lesions, there is a lack of myelin, which increases energy demand in axons and requires adaptation in mitochondria. Subtle and diffuse changes are observed in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and normal appearing grey matter (NAGM) of MS patients, including oxidative stress, reduced axon density, and alterations in myelin composition and morphology. The study used 2D scanning transmission electron microscopy to examine non-demyelinated brain tissue and found a reduced density of myelinated axons in NAWM, without a change in axon size. Small myelinated axons were less frequent and large myelinated axons were more frequent in NAWM. The g-ratio was similar in NAWM and NAGM. The researchers hypothesize that compensatory mechanisms, such as swelling of remaining myelinated axons and adjustment of myelin thickness, may help maintain the g-ratio in NAWM, but failure to adjust axonal mitochondria size could make NAWM axons and their myelin more susceptible to injury.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kurt G. Schilling, Chantal M. W. Tax, Francois Rheault, Bennett A. Landman, Adam W. Anderson, Maxime Descoteaux, Laurent Petit
Summary: Characterizing and understanding the limitations of diffusion MRI fiber tractography is crucial for accurately mapping human brain connections. The study aims to quantify bottleneck regions in white matter, finding that over 50-70% of fixels in the brain exhibit bottlenecks. This phenomenon affects all types of white matter fibers and underscores the need for a paradigm shift in the tractography process.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel R. Pfau, Sarah Baribeau, Felix Brown, Niki Khetarpal, S. Marc Breedlove, Cynthia L. Jordan
Summary: The TRPC2 gene plays a role in mediating male and female behavior in mice and affects the development of brain regions involved in VNO signaling. The loss of TRPC2 leads to changes in neuron and astrocyte numbers in the MePD and VMHvl, which may be responsible for the alterations in behavior.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yi Wang, Yuan Zhang, Chi Ma, Rui Wang, Zhe Guo, Yu Shen, Miaomiao Wang, Hongying Meng
Summary: Punctate White Matter Damage (PWMD) is a common neonatal brain disease that affects neurological function. The difficulty in diagnosis leads to missed treatment opportunities. This study proposes a new method using T1 MRI and DTI to analyze PWMD, which effectively predicts and analyzes the impact of lesions on fiber tracts through super-resolution and image registration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xirui Zhou, Tao Li, Wensheng Qu, Dengji Pan, Qianwen Qiu, Lingshan Wu, Jing Zhao, Zhiyuan Yu, Huang Hao, Xiang Luo
Summary: The study found that abnormalities in retinal microvascular density, morphological parameters, and PRNFL thickness are correlated with the incidence of moderate/severe WMHs, particularly DWMHs, suggesting that arteriosclerosis and hypoperfusion are the causes of DWMHs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Hanekamp, Branislava Curcic-Blake, Bradley Caron, Brent McPherson, Anneleen Timmer, Doety Prins, Christine C. Boucard, Masaki Yoshida, Masahiro Ida, David Hunt, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Franco Pestilli, Frans W. Cornelissen
Summary: The study found that white matter microstructure was decreased in glaucoma and monocular blind patients, while there was increased white matter reorganization outside the visual white matter in monocular blind patients. This suggests different patterns of neurodegeneration and reorganization in the brain among glaucoma and monocular blind patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ziyi Zhang, Yangmei Li, Zuoxian Xiang, Yindong Huang, Ruixing Wang, Chao Chang
Summary: In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the spatially resolved dielectric spectrum of the phospholipid bilayer in a wide range from terahertz to mid-infrared using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and numerical calculations. The results showed the differences in permittivities between the head and tail regions, as well as the advantageous propagation characteristics of the phospholipid bilayer in the 55-85 THz band.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Goran Sedmak, Milos Judas
Summary: White matter interstitial neurons (WMIN) are an important but underestimated population in the adult brain, with diverse morphology and molecular diversity similar to cortical neurons. While previously considered functionally insignificant, current research demonstrates that WMIN play crucial roles in regulating cerebral blood flow, sleep, and information flow within the cortex.
Article
Clinical Neurology
David Lahna, Daniel L. Schwartz, Randy Woltjer, Sandra E. Black, Natalie Roese, Hiroko Dodge, Erin L. Boespflug, Julia Keith, Fuqiang Gao, Joel Ramirez, Lisa C. Silbert
Summary: The study indicates that venous collagenosis is associated with periventricular white matter hyperintensities (pvWMHs), while arterial collagenosis is not. This suggests the importance of changes in the venous system in the commonly observed MRI white matter lesions in older individuals.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Valerie Lohner, Gokhan Pehlivan, Gerard Sanroma, Anne Miloschewski, Markus D. Schirmer, Tony Stoecker, Martin Reuter, Monique M. B. Breteler
Summary: This study found sex and age-related differences in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, specifically highlighting the impact of menopause on WMH in older women, as well as the influence of uncontrolled hypertension on WMH in women regardless of menopausal status.
Article
Neurosciences
Sabrina Sharmin, Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal, Zaid Bin Mahbub, Khondkar Siddique-e Rabbani
Summary: The study measured the extent of nerve stretch and its association with nerve conduction velocity (NCV). The results support a recent publication proposing a new conduction mechanism for myelinated nerves that explains the increase in NCV with nerve stretch.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.