Article
Neurosciences
Kai-Ge Ma, Hai-Bo Hu, Jin-Song Zhou, Chao Ji, Qi-Sheng Yan, Si-Ming Peng, Lan-Dong Ren, Bing-Nan Yang, Xin-Li Xiao, Yan-Bing Ma, Feng Wu, Kai-Wei Si, Xiao-Lin Wu, Jian-Xin Liu
Summary: It has been found that Gpc4 plays a crucial role in the development of mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus, with the mTOR pathway being essential for Gpc4-regulated MFS. Additionally, suppressing Gpc4 expression after status epilepticus has shown to attenuate spontaneous recurrent seizures, indicating that Gpc4 may be a promising target for antiepileptic studies.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sree Lalitha Bojja, Bikash Medhi, Shashi Anand, Alka Bhatia, Rupa Joshi, Ranjana W. Minz
Summary: The study found that metformin can alleviate seizure-induced inflammation and neuronal degeneration, potentially mediated by the mTOR pathway.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuxiang Li, Fangchao Tong, Lu Liu, Zhongqian Su, Jing Ding, Qiang Wang, Xin Wang
Summary: Mossy fiber sprouting is a characteristic of epilepsy and plays a key role in neural circuit formation. CRMP2, whose phosphorylation state regulates neurite/axon outgrowth, has been reported to change in epilepsy patients and animal models. This study provides direct evidence supporting the role of CRMP2 in mossy fiber sprouting in an animal model of epilepsy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Dandan Wang, Mei-fang Jin, Lili Li, Yueying Liu, Yuxiao Sun, Hong Ni
Summary: PRG5 gene knockout significantly reduces seizure latency and exacerbates the lowered seizure threshold induced by developmental seizures. Additionally, knocking out the PRG5 gene reduces the amount of mossy fiber sprouting to a certain extent. Furthermore, silencing the PRG5 gene significantly increases zinc ion content in hippocampal neurons, impairs neuronal activity and mitochondrial function, and worsens glutamate-induced oxidative stress damage.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katsunori Kobayashi, Kisako Shikano, Mahomi Kuroiwa, Mio Horikawa, Wakana Ito, Akinori Nishi, Eri Segi-Nishida, Hidenori Suzuki
Summary: The activation of D(1)Rs by noradrenaline is crucial for the antidepressant effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for depressive disorders. Increased voluntary exercise enhances the synaptic potentiation mediated by D(1)Rs, indicating a distinct role of noradrenaline-D(1)R signaling. This pathway may play a critical role in determining the responsiveness to antidepressant drugs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Farnaz Nikbakht, Paria Hashemi, Somayeh Vazifekhah, Javad Fahanik Babaei
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the antiepileptogenic effect of apigenin through inhibiting the mTOR pathway in epilepsy. The results showed that apigenin significantly inhibited neural cell death, spontaneous seizure spikes, aberrant neurogenesis, mTOR hyperactivity, and aberrant mossy fiber sprouting. These findings suggest that apigenin has an antiepileptogenic effect and may be a useful target for inhibiting mTOR hyperactivity in epilepsy.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Marco de Curtis, Andrea O. Rossetti, Diogo Vila Verde, Erwin A. van Vliet, Christine T. Ekdahl
Summary: Status Epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency characterized by abnormally sustained seizures, which can result in long-term consequences for the brain. However, the specific effects of different types of SE on brain pathology and long-term deficits in patients are still not clearly understood.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kyoung Hoon Jeong, Jing Zhu, Soojin Park, Won-Joo Kim
Summary: The role of TRPV6 in epilepsy is unclear. This study found that TRPV6 expression is upregulated in the hippocampus of a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model and is related to abnormal MF sprouting (MFS) and the incidence of seizures. In vitro experiments showed that TRPV6 expression can regulate axonal formation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, TRPV6 is involved in the regulation of Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta activity, which is related to axonal outgrowth. Therefore, TRPV6 may regulate the formation of aberrant synaptic circuits during epileptogenesis.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Gary W. Mathern, Edward H. Bertram
Summary: This study found that neuronal loss associated with limbic epilepsy precedes the onset of seizures and is not a consequence of recurrent seizures. However, intermittent seizures do cause structural changes in the brain, the functional consequences of which are unclear.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Haruyuki Kamiya
Summary: This article investigates the passive subthreshold voltage signaling in axons and its impact on transmitter release. The simulation results show that subthreshold voltage signals can reduce calcium currents by decreasing the amplitude of action potentials and modulate synaptic function by enhancing transmitter release.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kevin D. Chen, Alicia M. Hall, Megan M. Garcia-Curran, Gissell A. Sanchez, Jennifer Daglian, Renhao Luo, Tallie Z. Baram
Summary: The study successfully induced eFSE in mice and found that eFSE increased susceptibility to the epileptic agent KA in adult mice, leading to shortened latency to seizure onset and increased severity. 16.5% of the mice developed epilepsy after experiencing eFSE, suggesting that eFSE promotes pro-epileptogenic network changes in some mice, resembling temporal lobe epilepsy.
Article
Neurosciences
Antje Kilias, Susanne Tulke, Nicole Barheier, Patrick Ruther, Ute Haeussler
Summary: The CA2 pyramidal cells in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis show increased excitability and are integrated into the epileptic hippocampal network via mossy fiber sprouting. Our study suggests that CA2 plays an important role in the epileptic network and may serve as a possible router for aberrant activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Perez -Ramirez Maria-Belen, Parada Isabel, Prince David
Summary: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening emergency that can lead to the development or worsening of epilepsy. The study found that neocortical focal status epilepticus (FSE) can induce structural and functional changes in the thalamus, which may contribute to hyperexcitability in thalamocortical circuit. These changes include cell loss in the ventrobasal nucleus (VB) and increased excitatory synapses in intra-thalamic and cortico-thalamic networks.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ting-Ting Du, Ying-Chuan Chen, Guan-Yu Zhu, De-Feng Liu, Yu-Ye Liu, Tian-Shuo Yuan, Xin Zhang, Jian-Guo Zhang
Summary: ATN-DBS significantly reduces seizure frequency, decreases the number of ectopic granule cells, and reduces MFS scores in the hippocampus through down-regulation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and Akt phosphorylation.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryota Fukaya, Marta Maglione, Stephan J. Sigrist, Takeshi Sakaba
Summary: This study suggests a potential mechanism for the cAMP-dependent increase in neurotransmission at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, involving an accumulation of active zone Ca2+ channels. Experimental results indicate an increase in the local Ca2+ concentration at the release site following potentiation, driven by rapid Ca2+ channel accumulation, rather than changes in intracellular Ca2+ sensitivity. Various microscopy techniques provide insights into the underlying mechanisms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hazel McArdle, Marion C. Hogg, Sebastian Bauer, Felix Rosenow, Jochen H. M. Prehn, Kellie Adamson, David C. Henshall, Elaine Spain
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc-Michel Wilson, David C. Henshall, Susan M. Byrne, Gary P. Brennan
Summary: Epileptic encephalopathies are severe epilepsy syndromes caused by de novo mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2) gene. Dysregulation of CHD2 leads to early onset epileptic encephalopathy, abnormal brain function, and intellectual disability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edward Beamer, Austin Lacey, Mariana Alves, Giorgia Conte, Faming Tian, Laura de Diego-Garcia, Mohamed Khalil, Felix Rosenow, Norman Delanty, Nicholas Dale, Hany El-Naggar, David C. Henshall, Tobias Engel
Summary: The study demonstrated that blood purine concentrations can be used as a rapid, low-volume bedside test to support the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy.
Article
Neurosciences
Silvia Prades, Gregory Heard, Jonathan E. Gale, Tobias Engel, Robin Kopp, Annette Nicke, Katie E. Smith, Daniel J. Jagger
Summary: The P2X(7) receptors are primarily expressed by peripheral glial cells rather than afferent neurons in the auditory nerve. This finding contributes to a better understanding of the effects of ATP-dependent mechanisms on hearing loss and sensory neuropathies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iago Mendez-Lopez, Francisco J. Sancho-Bielsa, Tobias Engel, Antonio G. Garcia, Juan Fernando Padin
Summary: Recent research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggests that non-autonomous motor neuron death hypothesis may involve other cells besides motor neurons, with mitochondria playing a crucial role in ALS pathophysiology. Mutant SOD1 protein and down-regulation of OPA1 in the sympathoadrenal system of ALS mouse model lead to mitochondrial ultrastructure alterations and functional impairments prior to clinical symptoms. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic target of OPA1 and the relevance of sympathetic impairment in ALS progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Edward Beamer, Manvitha Kuchukulla, Detlev Boison, Tobias Engel
Summary: Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of hyperexcitable networks and lowered seizure thresholds, treating epilepsy remains challenging. Many patients are resistant to current medications, which only provide symptomatic relief. Efforts are focused on finding new treatments with novel mechanisms of action to modify disease progression. Purines like ATP and adenosine play key roles in the epileptogenic process, with potential as targets for therapeutic strategies.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Edward Beamer, Mary Isabel O'Dea, Aisling A. Garvey, Jonathon Smith, Aida Menendez-Mendez, Lynne Kelly, Andreea Pavel, Sean Quinlan, Mariana Alves, Eva M. Jimenez-Mateos, Faming Tian, Eugene Dempsey, Nicholas Dale, Deirdre M. Murray, Geraldine B. Boylan, Eleanor J. Molloy, Tobias Engel
Summary: The study demonstrates that measuring blood purine concentrations may aid in the rapid diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy, with potential applications for identifying infants with seizures and other neurological conditions.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Giorgia Conte, Aida Menendez-Mendez, Sebastian Bauer, Hany El-Naggar, Mariana Alves, Annette Nicke, Norman Delanty, Felix Rosenow, David C. Henshall, Tobias Engel
Summary: Circulating molecules may serve as biomarkers for epilepsy diagnosis, with P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) as a potential regulator. Experimental data suggests elevated P2X7R levels in some epilepsy patients, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker.
Review
Immunology
Tobias Engel, Jonathon Smith, Mariana Alves
Summary: The treatment of epilepsy remains challenging, with chronic inflammation playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Identifying and targeting mechanisms that regulate inflammation may be a promising strategy for future epilepsy treatment. ATP-gated receptors are considered novel drug targets for epilepsy, showing potential for anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatriz Gil, Jonathon Smith, Yong Tang, Peter Illes, Tobias Engel
Summary: Epilepsy is a common chronic disease with difficult treatment, and P2X7R antagonists may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for epilepsy and its associated comorbidities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjing Ren, Patrizia Rubini, Yong Tang, Tobias Engel, Peter Illes
Summary: Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes that can be derived from blood-borne monocytes or exist as resident macrophages in peripheral and central tissues. They have M1 and M2 phenotypes and possess P2X7 receptors that respond to ATP and induce inflammatory responses and diseases. Therefore, P2X7 receptors on macrophages may be important targets for maintaining immune homeostasis and treating inflammatory diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Tobias Engel, Eva Maria Jimenez-Mateos, Miguel Diaz-Hernandez
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tobias Engel
Summary: Epilepsy is a brain disease affecting over 70 million people worldwide, characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Challenges in epilepsy management include diagnosis and treatment. Current research aims to identify new drugs with different mechanisms of action for patients not responding to current medications. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target due to its involvement in epilepsy and altered expression in experimental models and patients. This review discusses the latest findings and the potential of P2X7R-based treatments for epilepsy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Economics
Tobias Engel Ayer Botrel, Marcia Datz Abadi, Laura Chabrol Haas, Cassia Rita Pereira da Veiga, Dominihemberg de Vasconcelos Ferreira, Denis Leonardo Jardim
Summary: In this study, the number needed to treat (NTT) and the cost of preventing an event (COPE) for pembrolizumab plus axitinib (P + A) and nivolumab plus ipilimumab (N + I) as first-line treatments for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) were calculated from the Brazilian private perspective. The results suggest that at the 12-month landmark, P + A may offer a better economic scenario compared to N + I as a first-line mRCC treatment option for intermediate- and poor-risk groups, through an indirect comparison using sunitinib as a common comparator.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.