Review
Clinical Neurology
Chunxiao Wei, Yanxin Shen, Weijie Zhai, Tianling Shang, Zicheng Wang, Yongchun Wang, Mingxi Li, Yang Zhao, Li Sun
Summary: Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations and neuropsychiatric features, with non-specific encephalopathy and cerebellar ataxia as main symptoms being rare. We reported a case of HE with cerebellar ataxia as the main manifestation, which showed improvement after steroid treatment. Based on our findings and literature review, prompt diagnosis and effective treatment should be initiated for encephalopathy without an obvious cause.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Psychiatry
Ching-Heng Tsai, Kuan-Tang Yu, Hung-Yu Chan, Chia-Hsiang Chan
Summary: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare autoimmune disease that can present with neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as catatonia, consciousness disturbance, and weakness. Clinicians should consider Hashimoto's encephalopathy as a potential underlying cause of catatonia and other neuropsychiatric symptoms.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tianyu Zhang, Feifei Hou, Dan Liu, Hangfan Zhou, Yutong Sun, Xiaoting Deng, Yiming Xu, Yanxuan Xiao, Xianwen Wang, Chuanji Wu, Yang Meng, Peiyang Yuan, Xuemei Qiu, Lu Ye, Yuye Liang, Wei Wei, Lu Jiang
Summary: This study found that the prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was higher in patients with oral lichen planus, especially in females. Female patients also had higher levels of auto-anti-thyroid antibodies. However, the clinical manifestations of oral lichen planus were not significantly correlated with the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis or auto-anti-thyroid antibody levels.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jasodhara Chaudhuri, Angshuman Mukherjee, Ambar Chakravarty
Summary: The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) and discuss its pathogenesis based on recent research. The pathogenesis of HE is uncertain, but there is evidence suggesting an autoimmune etiology. Diagnosis requires the detection of thyroid antibodies, although their role in central nervous system tissue damage remains unclear. Treatment typically involves glucocorticoids.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Filip Lebiedzinski, Katarzyna Aleksandra Lisowska
Summary: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland and often requires lifelong treatment. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity, and vitamin D supplementation shows promise in reducing antibody levels and improving thyroid function in HT patients. Studies suggest that vitamin D may impact various immune mechanisms and improve clinical outcomes, but further research is needed.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alona Kondramashin, Asia Filatov, Jonathan T. Grossman, Marc Swerdloff
Summary: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a disease related to autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by symptoms such as cognitive impairment and memory loss. Diagnosis involves detecting elevated anti-thyroid antibody levels, and treatment includes steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. P. Weetman
Summary: Recent studies have provided new insights into the genetic, environmental, and pathogenic mechanisms of HT, including the identification of multiple cytokine networks, various defects in T regulatory cells, and possible disease associations. Additionally, there is growing evidence suggesting a direct role of the autoimmune process in causing persistent symptoms in a subset of patients with levothyroxine-treated HT.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Marta Waliszewska-Prosol, Maria Ejma
Summary: The normal function of the nervous system is closely related to the normal function of the thyroid gland and its hormones. The neurological disorders caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been well understood, and attention has recently been paid to neurological symptoms in euthyroid patients. However, the pathogenesis of Hashimoto encephalopathy remains unclear and requires further research.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iqra Arshad, Tasneem Zahra, Julia Vargas-Jerez
Summary: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are two different presentations of the same autoimmune thyroiditis. This case observed a rare conversion from Graves' disease to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which might be attributed to atypical destructive thyroiditis and a switch of autoantibodies.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jessica Castro de Vasconcelos, Icleia Barreto de Siqueira, Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro Maia, Maria Candida Ribeiro Parisi, Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
Summary: In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lymphocytic infiltrate shows predominance of anti-apoptosis except for BID, while thyrocytes exhibit a balance between pro-apoptosis and anti-apoptosis, with cell proliferation similar to normal thyroid. The expression of BID gene in HT lymphocytes suggests the influence of thyroid hormone on increasing lymphocytic apoptosis rates.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sahil Sardana, Betsy Johnson, Wing Chung Cyrus Cheng, Diana M. Montenegro, Peter G. Bernad
Summary: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare condition with diverse symptoms that are not directly related to thyroid dysfunction. The underlying process is believed to be autoimmune vasculitis. Patients may experience seizures, cognitive dysfunction, tremors, or stroke-like symptoms with focal neurological deficits.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Narantsatsral Daramjav, Junko Takagi, Hideyuki Iwayama, Kaori Uchino, Daisuke Inukai, Kazuo Otake, Tetsuya Ogawa, Akiyoshi Takami
Summary: In 15-20% of cases, Graves' disease shifts to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while the shift from Hashimoto's to Graves' is rare. We present a case of a patient in whom Hashimoto's disease shifted to Graves', along with a literature review.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yuman Kawoos, Arjuman Fayaz, Irfan Ahmad Shah, Yasir H. Rather
Summary: This case report describes a patient with Hashimoto's encephalopathy, who presented with acute onset of behavioral symptoms mimicking affective disorder. The patient showed elevated levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone. EEG and MRI findings supported the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. Treatment with high dose corticosteroids resulted in excellent response.
MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY-MECPSYCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Eric Song, Christopher M. Bartley, Ryan D. Chow, Thomas T. Ngo, Ruoyi Jiang, Colin R. Zamecnik, Ravi Dandekar, Rita P. Loudermilk, Yile Dai, Feimei Liu, Sara Sunshine, Jamin Liu, Wesley Wu, Isobel A. Hawes, Bonny D. Alvarenga, Trung Huynh, Lindsay McAlpine, Nur-Taz Rahman, Bertie Geng, Jennifer Chiarella, Benjamin Goldman-Israelow, Chantal B. F. Vogels, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Arnau Casanovas-Massana, Brett S. Phinney, Michelle Salemi, Jessa R. Alexander, Juan A. Gallego, Todd Lencz, Hannah Walsh, Anne E. Wapniarski, Subhasis Mohanty, Carolina Lucas, Jon Klein, Tianyang Mao, Jieun Oh, Aaron Ring, Serena Spudich, Albert Ko, Steven H. Kleinstein, John Pak, Joseph L. DeRisi, Akiko Iwasaki, Samuel J. Pleasure, Michael R. Wilson, Shelli F. Farhadian
Summary: The study revealed compartmentalized immune response in the central nervous system of individuals with COVID-19, suggesting a potential role of autoimmunity in the neurological sequelae of COVID-19.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aakangsha Jain, Jamie Thomas, Hernando Chong
Summary: The article presents a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion when diagnosing cognitive dysfunction.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)