Article
Neurosciences
Ji-Hye Lee, Woong Bin Kim, Eui Ho Park, Jun-Hyeong Cho
Summary: The consolidation process of remote contextual fear memories in mice involves the strengthening of excitatory connections between prefrontal cortical (PFC) engram neurons that were active during learning and reactivated during remote memory recall. The extinction of remote memories weakens these synapses. The synapse-specific plasticity is dependent on CREB and requires sustained hippocampal signals, which can be conveyed to PFC by the retrosplenial cortex. The strong connection between PFC engram neurons and other PFC neurons recruited during remote memory recall is also observed.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sonja Chu, Cendri Hutcherson, Rutsuko Ito, Andy C. H. Lee
Summary: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) contribute differently to resolving conflict information and uncertainty during approach-avoidance decisions. The PFC may adjust response caution and evidence strength towards each choice, involving the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while the MTL contributes to evidence generation, particularly through the hippocampus. These findings suggest unique contributions of MTL and PFC regions in arbitrating approach-avoidance conflict.
Article
Neurosciences
Robert Kim, Terrence J. Sejnowski
Summary: By analyzing computational models and neural data, the authors demonstrate that inhibitory-to-inhibitory signaling is crucial for maintaining stable temporal dynamics and working memory in the primate prefrontal cortex.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Justin M. Fine, David J. -N. Maisson, Seng Bum Michael Yoo, Tyler V. Cash-Padgett, Maya Zhe Wang, Jan Zimmermann, Benjamin Y. Hayden
Summary: An important question in neuroeconomics is how the brain represents the value of offers in a way that allows for comparison while preserving the details that influence value. This study examined neuronal responses in male macaques and found that there was no overlap in neural coding between risky and safe options, even when the options had identical subjective values. However, these regions were linked through a linear transform of their encodings, allowing for comparison of different types of options.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thays Brenner Santos, Juliana Carlota Kramer-Soares, Cesar Augusto de Oliveira Coelho, Maria Gabriela Menezes Oliveira
Summary: This study investigates the effect of time intervals between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in fear conditioning. By analyzing the functional network in rats, the study reveals the importance of amygdala and thalamic nuclei in temporal associations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zakaria Ouhaz, Brook A. L. Perry, Kouichi Nakamura, Anna S. Mitchell
Summary: Cognitive flexibility is crucial for navigating everyday complexities and is attributed to the frontal cortex. The mediodorsal thalamus (MD), connected to the frontal cortex, may play a role in influencing cognitive flexibility. This study using male rats found that MD lesions resulted in difficulties in learning and updating strategies during a set-shifting task.
Article
Biology
Geoffrey W. Diehl, A. David Redish
Summary: Decision-making requires different aspects of information and involves multiple cognitive processes. The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is believed to play a central role in these abilities. Previous studies on mPFC function have yielded controversial results, but this study with rats performing an economic decision task revealed four distinct functional domains within mPFC, closely related to anatomical subregions. Dorsal mPFC regions were more involved in processing active decisions, while ventral regions were more engaged in motivational factors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juliana Yordanova, Vasil Kolev, Valentina Nicolardi, Luca Simione, Federica Mauro, Patrizia Garberi, Antonino Raffone, Peter Malinowski
Summary: The study analyzed the EEG synchronization in experienced meditators during different meditation states and found that connectivity patterns of FP and MF networks are modulated by meditation style and expertise. The results suggest that executive control systems play a major role in maintaining states of meditation and expertise-dependent effects may underpin the emergence of unique meditation states in expert meditators.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dandan Tang, Xuefei Chen, Hong Li, Yi Lei
Summary: This study investigated the distributional characteristics of congruency sequence effect across different tasks. The results showed the presence of congruency sequence effect in the Stroop and word Flanker tasks, but not in the letter Flanker task. The distributional properties of congruency sequence effect followed a Gaussian distribution in the Stroop and word Flanker tasks, but differed in the letter Flanker task. Delta plot analyses demonstrated an increased congruency sequence effect in the slower percentile bines in both the Stroop and word Flanker tasks.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jarrod Eisma, Eric Rawls, Stephanie Long, Russell Mach, Connie Lamm
Summary: The study found that frontal midline theta-band activity is a common mechanism for initiating and executing cognitive control, but also differentiates between cognitive control mechanisms. Higher frontal midline theta power was found for trials that required more cognitive control, with reactive control and inhibitory control having higher theta power than proactive control and response conflict, and proactive control having higher theta power than response conflict. Decoding analyses successfully showed that theta representations of cognitive control generalize across multiple cognitive control strategies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhongzheng Fu, Danielle Beam, Jeffrey M. Chung, Chrystal M. Reed, Adam N. Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs, Ueli Rutishauser
Summary: Monitoring one's own performance is crucial for flexibly achieving desired goals. In this study, single neurons in the human medial frontal cortex were recorded while subjects performed two tasks involving cognitive conflict. The findings suggest that neuronal representations of evaluative signals can be both abstract and task-specific, providing insights into the neuronal mechanism for estimating control demand.
Article
Biology
Lilya Andrianova, Steliana Yanakieva, Gabriella Margetts-Smith, Shivali Kohli, Erica S. Brady, John P. Aggleton, Michael T. Craig
Summary: The connectivity and interplay between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are important for cognitive processes, but the existence of a direct glutamatergic projection from the anterior cingulate cortex to the hippocampus has been questioned. In this study, multiple methods were used to validate a recent finding of this projection, but no evidence of such a projection was found.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Emilio A. Valadez, Daniel S. Pine, Nathan A. Fox, Yair Bar-Haim
Summary: Anxiety is associated with increased attention to threat. This review examines the evidence for this association, discusses the neurobiology of anxiety-related differences in attention to threat, explores the developmental origin of attention bias, and investigates efforts to apply this research to clinical intervention. Future directions include improving the analysis of threat-processing brain networks, clarifying the role of cognitive control in attention bias development, and conducting larger clinical trials to examine treatment response factors.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kathleen I. Crum, Soonjo Hwang, Karina S. Blair, Joseph M. Aloi, Harma Meffert, Stuart F. White, Patrick M. Tyler, Ellen Leibenluft, Kayla Pope, R. J. R. Blair
Summary: Irritability and anxiety frequently co-occur in pediatric populations, and both may be related to emotion regulation and processing. Previous studies have not examined the neural responding during the performance of an emotion regulation task as a function of interaction between irritability and anxiety simultaneously.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Fernando Gabriel Luna, Maria Julieta Aguirre, Elisa Martin-Arevalo, Agustin Ibanez, Juan Lupianez, Pablo Barttfeld
Summary: In this study, the researchers successfully differentiated ERPs associated with attentional networks by simultaneously measuring vigilance. They also discovered different ERPs associated with executive and arousal vigilance, providing important observations for understanding attentional networks.
Article
Neurosciences
P. Riedel, I. M. Domachowska, Y. Lee, P. T. Neukam, L. Tonges, S. C. Li, T. Goschke, M. N. Smolka
Summary: The cognitive control dilemma refers to the balance between stability and flexibility in attention, which is believed to be maintained by dopamine. However, there is limited research on this balance in humans.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Daniela Reichl, Niklas Enewoldsen, Kiona K. Weisel, Sebastian Saur, Lukas Fuhrmann, Catharina Lang, Matthias Berking, Mathias Zink, Andreas Ahnert, Peter Falkai, Thomas Kraus, Thomas Hillemacher, Felix-N Muller, Stephan Lins, Dominikus Bonsch, Linda Kerkemeyer, Sabine Steins-Loeber
Summary: There is evidence that craving mediates the relationship between Impulsive Personality Traits (IPTs) and relapse during the treatment of an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Lower emotion regulation competencies were found to mediate the relationship between attentional as well as non-planning IPTs and craving. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying processes and may inform tailored interventions for AUD treatment.
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Maria Seidel, Sophie Pauligk, Sophia Fuertjes, Joseph A. King, Sophie-Maleen Schlief, Daniel Geisler, Henrik Walter, Thomas Goschke, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: Altered emotion processing and regulation mechanisms are crucial in eating disorders. Previous research found increased neural activity in regions involved in emotion processing and decreased activity in reward processing regions in acutely underweight anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. This study investigates whether these alterations are purely state-related or persist after recovery. Weight-recovered AN individuals showed no significant alterations in behavior or neural responses to emotionally-valenced stimuli, suggesting that these alterations improve following successful weight-recovery.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Florian J. Raabe, Marius Stephan, Jan Benedikt Waldeck, Verena Huber, Damianos Demetriou, Nirmal Kannaiyan, Sabrina Galinski, Laura V. Glaser, Michael C. Wehr, Michael J. Ziller, Andrea Schmitt, Peter Falkai, Moritz J. Rossner
Summary: Compared with SOX10 alone, the combination of SON increases the number of induced oligodendrocytes (iOLs) and enhances their complexity and myelin-marker gene expression levels. RNA velocity analysis shows that SOX10 generates OPCs that are apparently more immature than those generated by SON, with distinct molecular properties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefan Scherbaum, Steven Lade, Stefan Siegmund, Thomas Goschke, Maja Dshemuchadse
Summary: Every day, we make value-based decisions that are influenced by previous decisions, and this study explores the dynamics of value-based decision processes across multiple decisions using a neural-inspired attractor model.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
A. Lassner, I Papazova, B. Pross, J. Scherr, J. Schoenfeld, M. Halle, B. Haller, P. Falkai, A. Hasan, A. Roeh
Summary: Endurance sports carry a higher risk of exercise addiction compared to other physical activities. This study evaluated the risk of exercise addiction among amateur marathon runners and investigated its relationship with fitness measures, affect, and general level of functioning.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Anja Kraeplin, Mohsen Joshanloo, Max Wolff, Klaus-Martin Kroenke, Thomas Goschke, Gerhard Buehringer, Michael N. Smolka
Summary: This study found that lower executive functioning may lead to an increase in addictive behavior and a decrease in frequency of use. However, there is no evidence of a relationship between lower executive functioning and an increase in the number of DSM-5 criteria met.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Andrea Schmitt, Laura Tatsch, Alisa Vollhardt, Thomas Schneider-Axmann, Florian J. Raabe, Lukas Roell, Helmut Heinsen, Patrick R. Hof, Peter Falkai, Christoph Schmitz
Summary: This study utilized stereology to investigate the numbers and densities of different cell types in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia. The results indicated a reduction in oligodendrocytes in the CA4 region in schizophrenia patients, which was absent in the control group.
Article
Substance Abuse
Anja Kraeplin, Kathe Friederike Kupka, Juliane H. Froehner, Klaus-Martin Kroenke, Max Wolff, Michael N. Smolka, Gerhard Buehringer, Thomas Goschke
Summary: This study aims to examine whether personality traits can predict the course of addictive behaviors, and found that higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, lower agreeableness, higher extraversion, lower openness, higher reward sensitivity, and lower punishment sensitivity are moderately to highly associated with increased addictive behaviors over time, with stronger predictive associations observed for non-substance related addictive behaviors.
SUCHT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFT UND PRAXIS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
David Popovic, Peter Falkai
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Andrea Fiorillo, Antonio Ventriglio, Gaia Sampogna, Peter Falkai
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Goschke, Veronika Job
Summary: Self-control refers to the ability to resist current desires and behave consistently with long-term goals. However, a conceptual paradox arises when a person strongly desires to perform a behavior (e.g., eat chocolate) and at the same time desires to exert self-control to prevent it. A detailed analysis reveals that three common assumptions about self-control cannot be true simultaneously. A taxonomy of self-control processes is proposed to organize current theories based on the assumptions they abandon.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Correction
Substance Abuse
A. Kraplin, K. F. Kupka, J. H. Frohner, K. -M Kronke, M. Wolff, M. N. Smolka, G. Buhringer, T. Goschke
SUCHT-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFT UND PRAXIS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Hilmar Zech, Maria Waltmann, Ying Lee, Markus Reichert, Rachel L. Bedder, Robb B. Rutledge, Friederike Deeken, Julia Wenzel, Friederike Wedemeyer, Alvaro Aguilera, Acelya Aslan, Patrick Bach, Nadja S. Bahr, Claudia Ebrahimi, Pascale C. Fischbach, Marvin Ganz, Maria Garbusow, Charlotte M. Grosskopf, Marie Heigert, Angela Hentschel, Matthew Belanger, Damian Karl, Patricia Pelz, Mathieu Pinger, Carlotta Riemerschmid, Annika Rosenthal, Johannes Steffen, Jens Strehle, Franziska Weiss, Gesine Wieder, Alfred Wieland, Judith Zaiser, Sina Zimmermann, Shuyan Liu, Thomas Goschke, Henrik Walter, Heike Tost, Bernd Lenz, Jamila Andoh, Ulrich Ebner-Priemer, Michael A. Rapp, Andreas Heinz, Ray Dolan, Michael N. Smolka, Lorenz Deserno
Summary: This study demonstrates how short, smartphone-based task measures can overcome shortcomings of experimental tasks when analyzed with joint hierarchical modeling and latent factor analysis. The findings show that joint modeling of longitudinal data increases the reliability of task measures and the extracted latent factors are in line with theoretical accounts of cognitive control and decision-making.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sophia Fuertjes, Maria Seidel, Stefan Diestel, Max Wolff, Joseph A. King, Inger Hellerhoff, Fabio Bernadoni, Katrin Gramatke, Thomas Goschke, Veit Roessner, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not generally exhibit greater success in self-control, but they appear to be more effective at resolving self-control conflicts possibly due to the use of antecedent-focused strategies.
EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)