Review
Immunology
David Baker, Amy MacDougall, Angray S. Kang, Klaus Schmierer, Gavin Giovannoni, Ruth Dobson
Summary: Differential rates of B-cell subset repopulation following CD20-depleting antibody treatments can be utilized to control autoimmunity and enhance SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced seroconversion. Extended-interval antibody dosing, along with the use of antiviral antibodies or small molecules, may optimize protection against severe COVID-19. Disease-modifying treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis have limited impact on COVID-19 severity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jin Wang, Kellie Brown, Caroline Danehy, Emmanuel Merigeon, Stephen Goralski, Samuel Rice, Kwame Torgbe, Fridtjof Thomas, David Block, Henrik Olsen, Scott E. Strome, Elizabeth A. Fitzpatrick
Summary: This study tested the efficacy of a recombinant Fc multimer (M019) in treating multiple sclerosis using a murine model. The results showed that M019 effectively reduced clinical symptoms, inhibited immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system, and interacted with Fc gamma R bearing-monocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Yan Gao, Dong Han, Juan Feng
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease affecting the CNS, with miRNAs playing a key role in its pathogenesis. MiRNAs have emerged as potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MS. They show high specificity and stability in peripheral body fluids, presenting promising applications in the diagnosis and treatment of MS.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessandra Amato, Paolo Ragonese, Sonia Ingoglia, Gabriella Schiera, Giuseppe Schiro, Carlo Maria Di Liegro, Giuseppe Salemi, Italia Di Liegro, Patrizia Proia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lactacid anaerobic training on multiple sclerosis patients. The results showed that the exercise influenced BDNF and DHEAS levels, reduced baseline lactate levels, and increased self-efficacy and self-esteem in the patients.
Review
Immunology
Maria Dema, Herena Eixarch, Luisa M. Villar, Xavier Montalban, Carmen Espejo
Summary: The number of elderly multiple sclerosis patients is increasing due to improved life expectancy and available treatments. Current treatments cannot halt disability accumulation associated with disease progression, potentially due to the impact of immunosenescence, leading to abnormal immune cell subsets contributing to autoimmune disease development. Strategies including senolytics, regenerative therapies, and rejuvenation of immune cells have been proposed to potentially reverse immunosenescence and benefit MS progression.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Emily A. Gosselin, Maeesha Noshin, Sheneil K. Black, Christopher M. Jewell
Summary: Therapies for autoimmune diseases pose challenges due to their non-curative nature and potential risks. Biomaterials have enabled progress in antigen-specific immunotherapies, but greater attention is needed in manufacturing and stability for clinical translation. Excipients play a critical role in improving manufacturing properties of immunotherapies without affecting their immunologic properties.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ben J. E. Raveney, Wakiro Sato, Daiki Takewaki, Chenyang Zhang, Tomomi Kanazawa, Youwei Lin, Tomoko Okamoto, Manabu Araki, Yukio Kimura, Noriko Sato, Terunori Sano, Yuko Saito, Shinji Oki, Takashi Yamamura
Summary: This study identified a subset of cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells expressing Eomes, known as Eomes(+) Th cells, that are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Eomes levels could act as a biomarker to predict disease worsening in SPMS patients with over 80% accuracy. These findings have significant implications for SPMS biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
N. Eiza, M. Garty, E. Staun-Ram, A. Miller, Z. Vadasz
Summary: Research found that sema3A expression on Tregs and serum levels in MS patients were decreased, while sema4A levels were increased. Additionally, sema3A and sema4A were found to have positive/negative correlations with the severity of MS. Targeting sema3A and sema4A could be a potential therapeutic approach for MS.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Danuta Piotrzkowska, Elzbieta Miller, Ewa Kucharska, Marta Niwald, Ireneusz Majsterek
Summary: The study focused on the impact of microRNAs on the expression of neuroprotective proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis patients. The results suggest dysregulation of gene expression in immune cells, potentially inhibiting neuroprotective functions and contributing to inflammation in multiple sclerosis development.
Review
Immunology
Kiel M. Telesford, Lilyana Amezcua, Lauren Tardo, Lindsay Horton, Brett T. Lund, Anthony T. Reder, Timothy Vartanian, Nancy L. Monson
Summary: People of Black/African American or Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity have a higher risk of experiencing a more severe form of multiple sclerosis compared to White individuals. While social determinants of health contribute to some extent, there is a lack of research on the immunological factors. This perspective suggests that studying humoral immune responses may help us better understand the underlying reasons for the discordant severity of multiple sclerosis in Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ramin Lotfi, Rasoul Nasiri Kalmarzi, Misagh Rajabinejad, Sabah Hasani, Fatemeh Zamani
Summary: The semaphorins play important roles in both the nervous system and the immune system, participating in various physiological and pathological immune responses, particularly in immunological disorders. They transduce signals by connecting to their receptors, with some molecules promoting remyelination while others inhibiting this process.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Barbara Nuesslein-Hildesheim, Enrico Ferrero, Cindy Schmid, Catherine Huck, Paul Smith, Sarah Tisserand, Joelle Rubert, Frederic Bornancin, Denis Eichlisberger, Bruno Cenni
Summary: BTK inhibitors (BTKi), such as Remibrutinib, are a potential oral treatment option for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. In this study, Remibrutinib demonstrated efficacy in two EAE mouse models by inhibiting pathogenic B cell autoreactivity and reducing inflammation in microglia.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Cyril Debuysschere, Magloire Pandoua Nekoua, Didier Hober
Summary: Viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have long been suspected to play a role in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and type 1 diabetes. EBV has a complex lifecycle in infected B-cells, producing viral proteins and miRNAs. This review highlights the detection of EBV infection in MS patients, focusing on markers of latency and lytic phases. The presence of latency proteins, antibodies, and miRNAs in the central nervous system of MS patients suggests a link between EBV and MS.
Article
Oncology
Briana Rose Halle, Allison Betof Warner, Farzana Y. Zaman, Andrew Haydon, Prachi Bhave, Anna K. Dewan, Fei Ye, Rebecca Irlmeier, Paras Mehta, Nicholas R. Kurtansky, Mario E. Lacouture, Jessica C. Hassel, Jacob S. Choi, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Sunandana Chandra, Tracey S. Otto, Ryan Sullivan, Meghan J. Mooradian, Steven T. Chen, Florentia Dimitriou, Georgina Long, Matteo Carlino, Alexander Menzies, Douglas B. Johnson, Veronica M. Rotemberg
Summary: A retrospective cohort study on patients with pre-existing psoriasis receiving ICIs for cancer treatment showed that most patients experienced psoriasis exacerbation after treatment, but it was manageable with standard therapies; some patients also experienced other immune-related adverse events; patients with disease exacerbation performed well in terms of progression-free survival compared to those who did not.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
James L. Alexander, Hajir Ibraheim, Bhavisha Sheth, Jessica Little, Muhammad Saheb Khan, Camellia Richards, Nikki Hunter, Dharmisha Chauhan, Raguprakash Ratnakumaran, Kathleen McHugh, David J. Pinato, Paul Nathan, Julia Choy, Shanthini M. Crusz, Andrew Furness, Samra Turajlic, Lisa Pickering, James Larkin, Julian P. Teare, Sophie Papa, Ally Speight, Anand Sharma, Nick Powell
Summary: This study investigated the outcomes of patients with corticosteroid-refractory CPI-induced enterocolitis treated with IFX, finding that less than half of patients achieved corticosteroid-free clinical remission. The data also suggest that cancer outcomes may be better in patients developing prolonged and severe inflammatory side effects of CPI therapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alasdair J. Coles, Joanne L. Jones, Patrick Vermersch, Anthony Traboulsee, Ann D. Bass, Aaron Boster, Andrew Chan, Giancarlo Comi, Oscar Fernandez, Gavin Giovannoni, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Christopher LaGanke, Xavier Montalban, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Fredrik Piehl, Heinz Wiendl, Tjalf Ziemssen
Summary: In individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) after alemtuzumab, preexisting or treatment-emergent autoimmunity does not increase the risk of subsequent autoimmune disease. Additionally, thyroid autoimmunity after alemtuzumab treatment does not lead to an increased risk of non-thyroid autoimmune adverse events. Post-marketing safety data contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and risks of alemtuzumab in the field of MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Afagh Garjani, Sameer Patel, Dhiren Bharkhada, Waqar Rashid, Alasdair Coles, Graham R. Law, Nikos Evangelou
Summary: This study investigated the changes in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among patients receiving disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) after vaccination. The results showed that patients taking ocrelizumab or fingolimod had a lower level of protection from the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines compared to the general population.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher E. McMurran, Trisha Mukherjee, J. William L. Brown, Andrew W. Michell, Declan T. Chard, Robin J. M. Franklin, Alasdair J. Coles, Nick G. Cunniffe
Summary: Remyelination efficiency decreases with age, particularly in patients with multiple sclerosis. Bexarotene, a retinoid-X receptor agonist, only shortens the visual evoked potential latency in patients under 42 years old and increases the magnetization transfer ratio of deep gray matter lesions in those under 43 years old.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin O. Devoy, Peter J. Bennett, Alasdair J. Coles, Hani S. Mousa
Summary: Neurology remains the most reported specialty, but Hematology and Rheumatology cases are more often reported by non-specialists. The overall distribution by country has also changed, reflecting recent outbreaks of infectious agents.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wallace J. Brownlee, Christian Wolf, Hans-Peter Hartung, Theo Dingermann, Nadia Anshasi, Richard A. C. Clark, Maria Trojano, Krzysztof Selmaj, Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag, Carmen Tur, Jens Wuerfel, Gabriele Dallmann, Julian Witte, Martina Sintzel, Olga Bobrovnikova, Jeffrey A. Cohen
Summary: This study identified best practices for the development and use of follow-on disease-modifying treatments (FO-DMTs) through the appraisal of published evidence. The consensus reached by a multidisciplinary panel supports the safe and effective use of FO-DMTs in treating multiple sclerosis. The findings may contribute to enhanced quality standards for FO-DMTs use in other regions.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence Steinman, Edward Fox, Hans-Peter Hartung, Enrique Alvarez, Peiqing Qian, Sibyl Wray, Derrick Robertson, DeRen Huang, Krzysztof Selmaj, Daniel Wynn, Gary Cutter, Koby Mok, Yanzhi Hsu, Yihuan Xu, Michael S. Weiss, Jenna A. Bosco, Sean A. Power, Lily Lee, Hari P. Miskin, Bruce A. C. Cree
Summary: Ublituximab shows promise as a treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis, reducing relapse rates and brain lesions compared to teriflunomide over a 96-week period. However, it does not significantly decrease the risk of disability worsening.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Monika Grudziecka Pyrek, Krzysztof Selmaj
Summary: This study assessed axonal and neuronal damage in the retina of patients with familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in retinal thickness and macular volume between the two forms of multiple sclerosis, but both forms had a significant reduction compared to healthy controls. This suggests that retinal damage may be a common feature of multiple sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gavin Brittain, Alasdair J. Coles, G. Giovannoni, Paolo Antonio Muraro, Jacqueline Palace, Jennifer Petrie, Elisa Roldan, N. J. Scolding, John A. Snowden, Basil Sharrack
Summary: In carefully selected patients, autologous HSCT is a safe and highly effective treatment for immune-mediated neurological disorders. Limited understanding has caused confusion, mistrust, and an increase in health tourism.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bernhard Hemmer, Heinz Wiendl, Karsten Roth, Hendrik Wessels, Josef Hoefler, Cyrill Hornuss, Bernd Liedert, Krzysztof Selmaj
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the matching efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity between biosim-NTZ and ref-NTZ in patients with RRMS. The results showed that biosim-NTZ matched ref-NTZ in terms of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. This study supports the use of biosim-NTZ as a biosimilar alternative for treating RRMS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Colin M. Dayan, Beatriz Lecumberri, Ilaria Muller, Sashiananthan Ganesananthan, Samuel F. Hunter, Krzysztof W. Selmaj, Hans-Peter Hartung, Eva K. Havrdova, Christopher C. LaGanke, Tjalf Ziemssen, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Sven G. Meuth, David H. Margolin, Elizabeth M. Poole, Darren P. Baker, Peter A. Senior
Summary: This study aimed to describe the endocrine and multiple sclerosis outcomes over 6 years for alemtuzumab-treated relapsing multiple sclerosis patients. The results showed that the common adverse event of this treatment was autoimmune thyroid events, but it did not affect the disease course.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cyrus Daruwalla, Vahid Shaygannejad, Serkan Ozakbas, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Raed Alroughani, Cavit Boz, Francesco Patti, Marco Onofrj, Alessandra Lugaresi, Sara Eichau, Marc Girard, Alexandre Prat, Pierre Duquette, Bassem Yamout, Samia J. Khoury, Seyed Aidin Sajedi, Recai Turkoglu, Ayse Altintas, Olga Skibina, Katherine Buzzard, Pierre Grammond, Rana Karabudak, Anneke van der Walt, Helmut Butzkueven, Davide Maimone, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Aysun Soysal, Nevin John, Julie Prevost, Daniele Spitaleri, Cristina Ramo-Tello, Oliver Gerlach, Gerardo Iuliano, Matteo Foschi, Radek Ampapa, Vincent van Pesch, Michael Barnett, Nevin Shalaby, Marie D'hooghe, Jens Kuhle, Maria Jose Sa, Marzena Fabis-Pedrini, Allan Kermode, Saloua Mrabet, Riadh Gouider, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Guy Laureys, Liesbeth Van Hijfte, Richard Macdonell, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Edgardo Cristiano, Pamela McCombe, Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, Bhim Singhal, Yolanda Blanco, Stella Hughes, Justin Garber, Claudio Solaro, Chris McGuigan, Bruce Taylor, Koen de Gans, Mario Habek, Abdullah Al-Asmi, Simu Mihaela, Tamara Castillo Trivino, Talal Al-Harbi, Juan Ignacio Rojas, Orla Gray, Dheeraj Khurana, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Jihad Inshasi, Jiwon Oh, Eduardo Aguera-Morales, Yara Fragoso, Fraser Moore, Cameron Shaw, Seyed Mohammad Baghbanian, Neil Shuey, Barbara Willekens, Todd A. Hardy, Danny Decoo, Angel Perez Sempere, Deborah Field, Ray Wynford-Thomas, Nick G. Cunniffe, Izanne Roos, Charles B. Malpas, Alasdair J. Coles, Tomas Kalincik, J. William L. Brown, MSBase Study Grp
Summary: This study found that early non-disabling relapses in people with RRMS are associated with a higher risk of disability accumulation, which may be mitigated by high-efficacy DMTs. Therefore, treatment decisions should take into account the impact of non-disabling relapses.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Alasdair J. Coles
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yasheng Chen, Yan Wang, Chia-Ling Phuah, Melanie E. Fields, Kristin P. Guilliams, Slim Fellah, Martin N. Reis, Michael M. Binkley, Hongyu An, Jin-Moo Lee, Robert C. McKinstry, Lori C. Jordan, Michael R. DeBaun, Andria L. Ford
Summary: This study utilized the deep learning model UNet for automated detection of silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. The results showed that UNet had high consistency in detecting SCI compared to manual detection, indicating its potential as a screening tool for SCI diagnosis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alasdair J. Coles, Anat Achiron, Anthony Traboulsee, Barry A. Singer, Carlo Pozzilli, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Gavin Giovannoni, Giancarlo Comi, Mark S. Freedman, Tjalf Ziemssen, Debora Shiota, Andreea M. Rawlings, Alana T. Wong, Magdalena Chirieac, Xavier Montalban
Summary: The safety risks associated with alemtuzumab treatment decreased over time, and the clinical benefits were maintained for 11-13 years, with most patients not requiring additional courses.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)