Article
Engineering, Civil
Mohammadreza Mataji
Summary: The paper aims to derive an analytical expression for streamwise turbulence intensity (TI) under neutral to unstable stratifications, which can reasonably model TI at heights beyond the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). The proposed models are validated against datasets from four tall meteorological towers, and results show that they reasonably follow the measured velocity variance and TI data under neutral to unstable conditions in the ASL and beyond.
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tamir Tzadok, Ayala Ronen, Dorita Rostkier-Edelstein, Eyal Agassi, David Avisar, Sigalit Berkovic, Alon Manor
Summary: Measurements using Halo-Photonics StreamLine XR Doppler LiDAR show good agreement with in situ instruments, with lower elevation scans performing the best. Analysis of boundary layer structure and verification of multiple inversions were conducted using retrieved data and WRF simulations. Synergistic use of LiDAR data with WRF simulations for low SNR regions was demonstrated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
C. A. Lopez-Villalobos, O. Martinez-Alvarado, O. Rodriguez-Hernandez, R. Romero-Centeno
Summary: The characterization of wind speed and its variability is crucial for assessing wind resources. This study implemented the Monin-Obukhov similarity method and the power-law method to estimate wind speed profiles, finding that the log-law and variable wind shear methods provide more accurate estimates. The results also indicated that the vertical variation of wind speed does not affect the average power production of a wind turbine with a 90 m diameter and 80 m hub height.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Brooke J. Stanislawski, Regis Thedin, Ashesh Sharma, Emmanuel Branlard, Ganesh Vijayakumar, Michael A. Sprague
Summary: As wind turbines become larger, the fluctuations in inflow have a significant impact on structural loading. The integral length scale, which represents the average size of the largest turbulent eddies, characterizes these fluctuations. Current design standards do not account for the varying integral length scales in turbine inflows. Using large-eddy simulations, we investigate the effects of turbulence with varying integral length scales on the loads of a 15-MW wind turbine. The results show that turbulence has a much greater impact on rotor and tower loads compared to mean shear profiles. Increasing the integral length scale can reduce blade root flapwise moments and rotor and tower loads. However, increasing the integral length scale beyond a certain point increases other loads and decreases some moments. Additionally, turbulence intensity has a larger influence on turbine loads than integral length scales. This study suggests that design standards should consider the varying integral length scales for accurate characterization of wind turbine loading in turbulent inflow conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Trevor C. Wilson, James Brenner, Zachary Morrison, Jamey D. Jacob, Brian R. Elbing
Summary: With the increase in the use of small uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS), real-time weather forecasting becomes crucial to improve the safety of low-altitude aircraft operations. This study assesses the ability to measure wind speeds from a quad-copter UAS and compares it with that of a fixed mast. The results show that the integration of measurements with autonomous systems is necessary to achieve sufficient resolution within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL).
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Adrian Garcia-Gutierrez, Diego Dominguez, Deibi Lopez, Jesus Gonzalo
Summary: This study introduces a new methodology for estimating the wind profile within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer using a neural network and a single-point near-ground measurement. The method only requires near surface measurements for prognosis and can be used to study the temporal evolution of the wind profile. The proposed technique outperforms traditional methods and provides useful information for multiple applications such as preliminary calculations of wind resources or CFD models.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jamie F. Townsend, Guoji Xu, Yuanjie Jin, Enbo Yu, Huan Wei, Yan Han
Summary: In offshore wind engineering applications, an experimental and numerical study is conducted to obtain bespoke velocity profile parameters by extracting the mean velocity field during wind-wave interaction. This provides a new inlet wind velocity condition for computational wind engineering investigations.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Adrian Garcia-Gutierrez, Deibi Lopez, Diego Dominguez, Jesus Gonzalo
Summary: This paper presents a novel method for estimating the wind profile within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using a neural network, a mesoscale model, and a single near-surface measurement. Compared to other existing methods, this solution only requires near-surface measurements after training the neural network. Another advantage is the potential to explore the time evolution of the wind profile. Data from a LiDAR sensor at the University of Leon, Spain, were used in this study. The information obtained from the wind profile is valuable for various applications, including wind energy resource assessment and CFD modeling.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lianglei Gu, Jimin Yao, Zeyong Hu, Yaoming Ma, Fanglin Sun, Haipeng Yu, Shujing Wang, Yaoxian Yang, Ruixia Guo, Yanyan Qin
Summary: This paper analyzes the structural characteristics and heating (cooling) rate of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in summer over the Northern Tibetan Plateau. The study reveals significant variations in ABL height, wind speed, and humidity under different seasons and weather conditions. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics and energy balance of the ABL.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Damyan Barantiev, Ekaterina Batchvarova
Summary: This study investigated more than seven years of high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing data to analyze the characteristics of wind fields. The results showed an increase in nighttime winds at higher altitudes and lower speeds during the day, with analysis of the wind field characteristics using Weibull distribution parameters providing insights into the vertical structure of the coastal boundary layer.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
C. Perez Albornoz, M. A. Escalante Soberanis, V Ramirez Rivera, M. Rivero
Summary: Wind energy has experienced significant growth, thanks to the development of wind turbines and tall wind masts. Atmospheric stability plays a crucial role in the wind energy industry, impacting wind profile, energy production, and wake effects.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, Chiel van Heerwaarden, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano
Summary: In this study, the drivers of evapotranspiration in semi-arid regions with irrigation-induced thermal surface heterogeneities were investigated. It was found that the feedback mechanisms between surface fluxes and boundary-layer dynamics enhance the daily latent heat flux at regional and landscape scales, while surface-driven processes dominate evapotranspiration at the local scale.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinhong Xian, Ning Zhang, Chao Lu, Honglong Yang, Zongxu Qiu
Summary: This paper proposes a method to retrieve the height of the stable boundary layer using the shape of the wind speed variance profile. By analyzing meteorological data, the limitations of existing methods are revealed and the proposed method solves the problems of misjudgment and omissions. Experimental results show that the method has low error and high universality for various wind field detection equipment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luoqin Liu, Richard J. A. M. Stevens
Summary: Studying the flow structure in conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers is important for improving weather and climate forecast models, as well as for applications in the wind industry. This research introduces an innovative model based on the Ekman equations and the universal potential temperature flux profile, which accurately describes the vertical profiles of wind speed and shear stress, capturing features like wind veer profiles.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tarak N. Nandi, Donghun Yeo
Summary: This study uses Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to develop horizontally homogeneous neutral ABL flow and presents integral length scales at different heights for better characterization of turbulent eddies. The research addresses numerical artifacts in CFD simulations and proposes an analytical expression to obtain domain-independent estimates of integral length scales across the ABL depth.
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Markus Gross, Vanesa Magar, Alfredo Pena
Summary: This study examines numerical modeling and meteorological observations in wind energy projects and evaluates the impact of simulation input parameters. The results show that changes in surface roughness have a similar impact on simulation results as orography perturbations. The use of a roughness field derived from synthetic aperture radar and high-resolution simulations can improve the accuracy of wind speed predictions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Basem Elshafei, Alfredo Pena, Atanas Popov, Donald Giddings, Jie Ren, Dong Xu, Xuerui Mao
Summary: In the pre-construction of wind farms, wind resource assessment plays a crucial role. Lidar measurements provide high-fidelity data, but they are expensive and sparse. On the other hand, Weather Research and Forecasting models generate continuous data with lower accuracy. To address this, a hybrid approach combining measurements and numerical simulations is proposed. The proposed method, evaluated using wind speed data along the coast of Denmark, achieves 58% more accurate results than the industrial standard method with minimal increase in computational cost. The RMSE of the proposed method ranges between 0.35 and 0.52 m/s.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alessandro Sebastiani, Alfredo Pena, Niels Troldborg
Summary: This study proposes a new methodology for power performance evaluation of wind turbines operating under waked conditions. Multivariate power curves, utilizing wind speed and turbulence measurements, are defined using polynomial regression models. Results show that the multivariate power curves outperform the IEC standard power curve, with a significant reduction in error of up to 88% for in-wake cases.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alfredo Pena, Jakob Mann, Nikolas Angelou, Arnhild Jacobsen
Summary: Estimates of atmospheric turbulence by floating lidars are affected by the buoy motions, which impact the standard deviation of horizontal velocity. Correcting the measurements based on simulations helps reduce the bias in turbulence estimation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rogier Floors, Ib Troen, Alfredo Pena
Summary: Modifying the model in the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application program (WAsP), we account for local atmospheric stability parameters, which significantly improves the vertical extrapolations of Weibull wind speed distribution parameters. The model is validated at six locations in northwestern Europe, showing improved estimations of power density distributions by reducing the percentage error from 5.2% to 3% when using the modified model and temperature scale derived from either observations or mesoscale/reanalysis output.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sven-Erik Gryning, Ekaterina Batchvarova, Rogier Floors, Christoph Muenkel, Lise Lotte Sorensen, Henrik Skov
Summary: The depth of the aerosol layer at the Villum Research Station in the high Arctic is analyzed using 8 years of ceilometer observations and 1 year of wind lidar data. Two methods are used to determine the depth based on the attenuated backscatter profile. The analysis shows that the aerosol layer depth is typically asymptotic to 230 m and varies little between winter and summer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcos Paulo Araujo da Silva, Andreu Salcedo-Bosch, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Alfredo Pena
Summary: We reexamine two recent methodologies, the 2D method and Hybrid-Wind (HW), based on Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST), which aim to estimate Obukhov length, friction velocity, and kinematic heat flux within the surface layer using wind-speed profile measurements. Both methods are compared using synthetic and observational data. A procedure to generate synthetic noise-corrupted wind profiles is also presented. The 2D algorithm outperforms the HW method in estimating the three parameters, making it a prominent method for surface-layer parameter estimation.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Vanesa Magar, Alfredo Pena, Andrea Noemi Hahmann, Daniel Alejandro Pacheco-Rojas, Luis Salvador Garcia-Hernandez, Markus Sebastian Gross
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of wind energy development in Mexico, including the current situation, obstacles faced, and proposed solutions. It emphasizes the importance of wind energy in addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development goals. The article discusses the reasons behind Mexico's lag in wind energy development and explores the potential of community wind energy projects as a solution. It also highlights the need to consider microscale effects in wind energy feasibility studies and proposes solutions for addressing challenges such as future climate change scenarios, grid planning, and vulnerability to tropical storms.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wei Fu, Alessandro Sebastiani, Alfredo Pena, Jakob Mann
Summary: Through simulations and field measurements, this study examines the impact of nacelle lidar scanning strategies on the accuracy and uncertainty of turbulence estimations. The findings indicate that a nacelle lidar system with at least six beams, including one with a different opening angle, is needed for accurate estimation of Reynolds stresses. Increasing the opening angle improves accuracy and reduces uncertainty for transverse components, while increasing the measurement distance has the opposite effect. Overall, a six-beam continuous-wave lidar with a large opening angle and close measurement distance provides the best estimations of Reynolds stresses.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Alfredo Pena, Oscar Garcia-Santiago, Branko Kosovic, Jeffrey D. Mirocha, Timothy W. Juliano
Summary: Wind-farm parametrizations are important for studying the impact of wind farms on the local climate and other wind farms. This study evaluates the accuracy of the Fitch scheme, an in-built wind-farm parametrization in the WRF model, through simulating a small wind farm. The results show that the simulations at lower resolution are in better agreement with high-resolution simulations with large-eddy simulation (LES).
WAKE CONFERENCE 2023
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maarten Paul van der Laan, Oscar Garcia-Santiago, Mark Kelly, Alexander Meyer Forsting, Camille Dubreuil-Boisclair, Knut Sponheim Seim, Marc Imberger, Alfredo Pena, Niels Normark Sorensen, Pierre-Elouan Rethore
Summary: This paper presents a RANS method for simulating the interaction between offshore wind farms. The proposed method includes a steady-state atmospheric inflow and a novel wind farm parameterization model, which reduces the computational time and produces results consistent with measurements.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Daniel Hatfield, Charlotte Bay Hasager, Ioanna Karagali
Summary: The increasing demand for offshore wind energy calls for more hub-height-relevant wind information, while the larger size of wind turbines requires measurements at greater heights. In situ measurements are challenging to obtain at higher atmospheric levels. Machine-learning applications have shown improved accuracy in vertical wind extrapolation compared to traditional methods. This study aims to develop and validate novel machine-learning methods using satellite wind observations and near-surface atmospheric measurements to estimate wind speeds at higher heights.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jens Visbech, Tuhfe Gocmen, Charlotte Bay Hasager, Hristo Shkalov, Morten Handberg, Kristian Pagh Nielsen
Summary: This paper presents a data-driven framework for modeling erosion damage based on blade inspections and numerical weather prediction models. The framework utilizes machine learning algorithms to predict and forecast leading-edge erosion damage using weather data and wind turbine characteristics provided by users.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Merete Badger, Haichen Zuo, Asta Hannesdottir, Abdalmenem Owda, Charlotte Hasager
Summary: This paper investigates the suitability of satellite-based precipitation data for blade lifetime prediction. The results show that blade lifetimes estimated with satellite and in situ observations are in good agreement, despite the differences in observation methods. Wind speed has a large impact on the estimated blade lifetimes, with inland stations having longer lifetimes compared to coastal stations. The accuracy of satellite data is limited in mountainous terrain. Networks of in situ stations have gaps over the oceans, making satellite-based rainfall products useful for estimating and mapping blade lifetimes, especially for offshore wind power installations.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
William J. Shaw, Larry K. Berg, Mithu Debnath, Georgios Deskos, Caroline Draxl, Virendra P. Ghate, Charlotte B. Hasager, Rao Kotamarthi, Jeffrey D. Mirocha, Paytsar Muradyan, William J. Pringle, David D. Turner, James M. Wilczak
Summary: With the increasing level of offshore wind energy investment, accurately characterizing the wind resource is crucial for investment decisions and wind plant performance, but challenges remain, especially in the offshore environment, requiring ongoing improvements in modeling and observations.
WIND ENERGY SCIENCE
(2022)
