Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Betul Celik, Kader Cicek, Andres Felipe Leal, Shunji Tomatsu
Summary: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and young adults, requiring the development of novel targeted therapies for relapse cases. RNA interference technologies show promise in cancer treatment by silencing overexpressed genes to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Y. Q. Qiu, Y. L. Chen
Summary: Primary meningeal osteosarcoma is a rare and easily misdiagnosed disease. There is no specific enough test up to now for correct diagnosis, which can only be determined by a histopathological examination. In addition to surgery, there are no clear guidelines for drug, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatment of this disease, and the prognosis is poor.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timofey Lebedev, Anton Buzdin, Elmira Khabusheva, Pavel Spirin, Maria Suntsova, Maxim Sorokin, Vladimir Popenko, Petr Rubtsov, Vladimir Prassolov
Summary: Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with high clinical and molecular heterogeneity, and patients with high-risk tumors have limited treatment options. Receptor tyrosine kinase KIT has been identified as a potential marker of high-risk neuroblastoma and a promising target for neuroblastoma treatment. Increased KIT expression is associated with activation of cell survival pathways, downregulated apoptosis induction, and cell cycle checkpoint control pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Manuel Ruh, Marc P. Stemmler, Isabell Frisch, Kathrin Fuchs, Ruthger van Roey, Julia Kleemann, Maike Roas, Harald Schuhwerk, Rebecca L. Eccles, Abbas Agaimy, Daniel Baumhoer, Geert Berx, Fabian Mueller, Thomas Brabletz, Simone Brabletz
Summary: Osteosarcoma, a mesenchyme-derived malignancy, is often associated with overexpression of the EMT-TF ZEB1, which blocks osteoblastic differentiation. Depletion of ZEB1 induces differentiation of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma is frequently linked to silencing of the imprinted DLK-DIO3 locus, but epigenetic reactivation of this locus reduces ZEB1 expression and sensitizes to standard treatment.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Takatsune Shimizu, Eiji Sugihara, Hideyuki Takeshima, Hiroyuki Nobusue, Rui Yamaguchi, Sayaka Yamaguchi-Iwai, Yumi Fukuchi, Toshikazu Ushijima, Akihiro Muto, Hideyuki Saya
Summary: Mutant p53 in osteosarcoma cells does not suppress the activity of wild-type p53. Targeting mutant p53 R270C (equivalent to human R273C) has limited therapeutic potential, as it does not prevent invasion and metastasis in cells.
Article
Oncology
Qizhi Qin, Mario Gomez-Salazar, Robert J. Tower, Leslie Chang, Carol D. Morris, Edward F. McCarthy, Kang Ting, Xinli Zhang, Aaron W. James
Summary: The study reveals that NELL1, a secreted glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in sarcoma progression and prognosis by modulating cell invasion potential. Deletion of NELL1 significantly reduces metastasis and disease progression in osteosarcoma, both in human and mouse models. Further analysis shows that NELL1 loss alters the expression of matricellular proteins associated with cell signaling.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dafu Chen, Ben Wan, Yuning Cheng, Yuwen Luo, Xueshan Bai, Jianxun Guo, Guangping Li, Tao Jin, Jingjun Nie, Weifeng Liu, Renxian Wang
Summary: In this study, the prognostic potential and therapeutic target of the carboxypeptidase E (CPE) gene in osteosarcoma (OS) were investigated. The differential genes and pathways associated with OS were identified, and CPE was found to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in OS. The co-expression of CPE with osteoblast lineage cell clusters expressing marker genes suggests its importance in osteoblastic OS.
Article
Oncology
Zhichang Zhang, Weiping Ji, Jin Huang, Yawen Zhang, Yan Zhou, Jianjun Zhang, Yang Dong, Ting Yuan, Qingcheng Yang, Xiaomin Ding, Lina Tang, Hongtao Li, Junyi Yin, Yonggang Wang, Tong Ji, Jia Fei, Bing Zhang, Peizhan Chen, Haiyan Hu
Summary: Our study identified 13 main cell groups in osteosarcoma tumor and MPE samples. Immune cells dominated MPE with more T/NK cells and less osteoclasts compared to PT samples. Additionally, specific subtypes of T/NK cells and B cells were enriched in either MPE or PT samples.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lei Yong, Yan Shi, Hai-Long Wu, Qi-Yuan Dong, Jing Guo, Li-Sheng Hu, Wen-Hao Wang, Zhi-Ping Guan, Bin-Sheng Yu
Summary: This study investigated the role and potential mechanism of p53 in cisplatin absorption, and found that p53 acts as a negative regulator in cisplatin resistance by suppressing the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor SP1, which regulates the level of CTR1. The p53-SP1-CTR1 axis may serve as a target for cisplatin resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vijesh G. Vaghjiani, Catherine R. Cochrane, W. Samantha N. Jayasekara, Wai Chin Chong, Anette Szczepny, Beena Kumar, Luciano G. Martelotto, Andrew Mccaw, Kirstyn Carey, Maya Kansara, David M. Thomas, Carl Walkley, Stuart Mudge, Daniel J. Gough, Peter A. Downie, Craig D. Peacock, William Matsui, D. Neil Watkins, Jason E. Cain
Summary: TP53 and RB1 loss-of-function mutations are common in osteosarcoma. In this study, the researchers found that these mutations enhance the activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. This enhanced activation is mediated by hypersensitivity to Hh ligand and is accompanied by impaired autophagy, increased primary cilia formation, and expression of Hh ligand.
Article
Oncology
Heena Saini, Harshita Sharma, Sudeshna Mukherjee, Shibasish Chowdhury, Rajdeep Chowdhury
Summary: The study revealed the involvement of cellular processes linked to autophagy and protein processing in OS patients, and proposed the use of FDA approved drugs chloroquine (CQ) and verteporfin (VP) for targeting OS. VP showed extensive dose-dependent cytotoxicity, disrupting autophagy and inducing lysosomal instability. Co-treatment with a proteasomal inhibitor (MG-132) enhanced VP induced cytotoxicity by targeting P53 to lysosomes. This suggests a potential therapeutic strategy involving regulation of autophagy and protein homeostasis against osteosarcoma.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yuanzheng Yang, Zhanglong Peng, Elsa R. Flores, Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Summary: Outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for more than 3 decades, and the search for novel therapeutic agents is crucial. This study shows that Pramlintide, an FDA-approved drug for type 2 diabetes, may have potential efficacy against osteosarcoma by interfering with tumor glycolysis and leading to decreased cell growth and increased cell death. Injection of Pramlintide into osteosarcoma tumor nodules resulted in significantly smaller tumors, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic approach for relapsed osteosarcoma patients.
Article
Polymer Science
Salih Veziroglu, Mustafa Ayna, Theresa Kohlhaas, Selin Sayin, Jacek Fiutowski, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Fatih Karayurek, Hendrik Naujokat, Eyup Ilker Saygili, Yahya Acil, Joerg Wiltfang, Franz Faupel, Oral Cenk Aktas, Aydin Guelses
Summary: This study introduces a novel composite patch made from marine algae and other materials as an alternative to traditional collagen-based scaffolds or grafts. The research shows that using this composite patch can enhance cell compatibility and proliferation, demonstrating potential in anti-proliferative effects.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yung-Ken Hsu, Hsuan-Ying Chen, Chia-Chieh Wu, Ying-Chih Huang, Cheng-Pu Hsieh, Po-Feng Su, Yi-Fu Huang
Summary: The flavonoid butein demonstrates anti-proliferative effects in human osteosarcoma cells by activating the tumor suppressor p53 and inducing senescence. Additionally, exposure to butein increases reactive oxygen species levels in the cells, leading to enhanced p53 activation and anti-proliferative effects. This suggests that butein is a promising candidate for cancer therapy against osteosarcoma.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Brittany M. Flowers, Hang Xu, Abigail S. Mulligan, Kathryn J. Hanson, Jose A. Seoane, Hannes Vogel, Christina Curtis, Laura D. Wood, Laura D. Attardi
Summary: Cell of origin and Trp53 alleles play crucial roles in the development of PDAC, influencing the molecular subtypes of the tumor. Tumor signatures derived from ductal cells and acinar cells are enriched in different subtypes of human PDAC.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Carl R. Walkley
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Christopher J. Pinard, Ashley A. Stegelmeier, Byram W. Bridle, Anthony J. Mutsaers, R. Darren Wood, Geoffrey A. Wood, J. Paul Woods, Samuel E. Hocker
Summary: This study found that expression of PD-1 on CD8(+) lymphocytes in urine samples of canine UC patients was significantly elevated, and the CD4:CD8 ratio and CD8:Treg ratio in urine did not show significant variation compared to healthy dogs. Additionally, cystitis patients had significantly higher levels of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and Tregs in their blood samples compared to both UC patients and healthy dogs. Cytokine analysis showed significant elevations in various urinary cytokines in UC patients, some of which have been correlated with lymphocyte-specific PD-1 expression in human muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.
VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christopher J. Pinard, Samuel E. Hocker, Andrew C. Poon, Jordon M. Inkol, Arata Matsuyama, R. Darren Wood, Geoffrey A. Wood, J. Paul Woods, Anthony J. Mutsaers
Summary: This study evaluated the protein and mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in three established canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines and found varying degrees of expression. Flow cytometry analysis revealed higher cell intrinsic PD-1 expression in these cell lines. Further research is needed to determine the potential of immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in canine UC.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takaharu Kimura, Cristina Panaroni, Erinn B. Rankin, Louise E. Purton, Joy Y. Wu
Summary: PTH1R signaling in osteoprogenitors affects multiple maturing hematopoietic cell populations, potentially through regulation of cell adhesion molecules and chemokine expression that impact cell trafficking.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Louise E. Purton
Summary: This article provides an update on the key functional properties of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells in adult mice, as well as their hierarchical structure. Research has revealed the existence of different types of HSC and MPP cells in adults, challenging our understanding of the hierarchy of hematopoietic cells.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jane Jialu Xu, Alistair M. Chalk, Meaghan Wall, Wallace Y. Langdon, Monique F. Smeets, Carl R. Walkley
Summary: Recurrent mutations in RNA splicing proteins and epigenetic regulators contribute to the development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and related myeloid neoplasms. In chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), SRSF2 and TET2 mutations occur in approximately 50% and 60% of patients, respectively. By crossing mouse models with inducible mutations in Srsf2 and Tet2 genes, researchers observed distinct pathological characteristics in the Srsf2/Tet2 mutants compared to single mutants. This study provides valuable insights into the cooperative effects of Srsf2 and Tet2 mutations in the development of CMML.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arata Matsuyama, Geoffrey A. Wood, Rachael Speare, Courtney R. Schott, Anthony J. Mutsaers
Summary: The study revealed that dogs with osteosarcoma had higher levels of uPA in serum and most tissues expressed uPA and uPAR, indicating autocrine/paracrine activation of the pathway. High serum uPA level was associated with shorter progression-free survival, potentially serving as a prognostic biomarker for canine osteosarcoma.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Arata Matsuyama, Janet Beeler-Marfisi, R. Darren Wood, Danielle Richardson, Jerome Calvalido, Anthony J. Mutsaers, Dorothee Bienzle
Summary: This study assessed the toxicity, efficacy, and outcome of concurrent administration of doxorubicin and cytarabine in dogs with myeloid neoplasia. The results suggest that this treatment protocol may be a therapeutic option for dogs with myeloid neoplasia, but further investigation is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy.
VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Z. Adamska, Rohit Verma, Shakti Gupta, Thomas Hagan, Florian Wimmers, Katharine Floyd, Qin Li, Erika V. Valore, Yanli Wang, Meera Trisal, Jose G. Vilches-Moure, Shankar Subramaniam, Carl R. Walkley, Mehul S. Suthar, Jin Billy Li, Bali Pulendran
Summary: Deletion of ADAR1 in CD11c+ APCs leads to changes in immune response, including enrichment of inflammatory cells, increased activated tissue resident memory T cells, and broad changes in antiviral transcriptional signature. These changes can be partially reversed by blocking IFNAR1 signaling and promote early resistance against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen Liang, Alistair M. Chalk, Scott Taylor, Ankita Goradia, Jacki E. Heraud-Farlow, Carl R. Walkley
Summary: ADAR1-mediated A-to-I RNA editing is a mechanism for discriminating self/non-self cellular double-stranded RNAs. ADAR mutations can cause Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome, an inherited pediatric encephalopathy classified as a Type I interferonopathy. The most common ADAR1 mutation is p.P193A, which occurs in the ADAR1p150 isoform-specific Za domain. In this study, a mouse model with the homologous P195A mutation was developed. The Adar1(P195A/P195A) mice showed normal phenotype and tolerance to the mutation. However, when the P195A mutation was combined with an Adar1 null allele, approximately half of the animals exhibited stunted growth and shortened lifespan. The remaining Adar1(P195A/-) animals were normal, contradicting previous reports. The phenotype of Adar1(P195A/-) animals is influenced by both genetic and non-genetic/environmental factors. Complementation with an editing-deficient ADAR1 or loss of MDA5 rescued the phenotypes in Adar1(P195A/-) mice.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Tanya F. F. Wright, Brigitte A. A. Brisson, Catherine R. R. Belanger, Angela Tiessen, Victoria Sabine, Karolina Skowronski, Geoffrey A. A. Wood, Michelle L. L. Oblak, Anthony J. J. Mutsaers, William Sears, Dorothee Bienzle
Summary: The study aimed to enumerate circulating tumour cells (CTC) over time in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma (OSA) and determine the correlation with patient outcome. The results showed that an increase in CTC frequency could be detected prior to the detection of osteosarcoma metastasis and was associated with shorter survival. Therefore, more frequent enumeration of CTC in a larger cohort of dogs with OSA may be warranted.
VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shannon Mendez Ruiz, Alistair M. Chalk, Ankita Goradia, Jacki Heraud-Farlow, Carl R. Walkley
Summary: Adenosine to inosine editing (A-to-I) in regions of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) or ADAR2. ADAR1 and A-to-I editing levels are increased in many human cancers. Increased expression of ADAR1 and A-to-I editing are likely consequences of tumor formation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vijesh G. Vaghjiani, Catherine R. Cochrane, W. Samantha N. Jayasekara, Wai Chin Chong, Anette Szczepny, Beena Kumar, Luciano G. Martelotto, Andrew Mccaw, Kirstyn Carey, Maya Kansara, David M. Thomas, Carl Walkley, Stuart Mudge, Daniel J. Gough, Peter A. Downie, Craig D. Peacock, William Matsui, D. Neil Watkins, Jason E. Cain
Summary: TP53 and RB1 loss-of-function mutations are common in osteosarcoma. In this study, the researchers found that these mutations enhance the activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. This enhanced activation is mediated by hypersensitivity to Hh ligand and is accompanied by impaired autophagy, increased primary cilia formation, and expression of Hh ligand.
Article
Hematology
Jane Jialu Xu, Alistair M. Chalk, Iva Nikolic, Kaylene J. Simpson, Monique F. Smeets, Carl R. Walkley
Summary: Current strategies to target RNA splicing mutant myeloid cancers by targeting the remaining splicing apparatus have limited effectiveness and toxicity to non-mutant cells. By analyzing missplicing events in SRSF2P95H mutant samples, the cell-cycle and DNA repair pathways were identified as important for cell survival. A genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib showed preferential sensitivity in Srsf2P95H mutant cells. These findings suggest that targeting the cell-cycle and DNA damage response pathways, particularly with palbociclib, could be a potential alternative therapeutic option for SRSF2 mutant cancers.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jemima E. Schadow, David Maxey, Toby O. Smith, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Sarah L. Manske, Neil A. Segal, Andy Kin On Wong, Rachel A. Davey, Tom Turmezei, Kathryn S. Stok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the published parameters for assessing subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis using computed tomography. The study identified clinically meaningful parameter categories and emphasized the importance of quantification and standardized measurement methods for improving the evaluation of disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lindsay L. Loundagin, Kim D. Harrison, Xuan Wei, David M. L. Cooper
Summary: This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The results showed that the manual and semi-automated methods accurately defined the zones of remodeling spaces, and these techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soroush Masrouri, Farzad Esmaeili, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Summary: This study examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fracture incidence. The results showed that rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) can increase the incidence of fractures among the general population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven J. Meas, Gabriella M. Daire, Michael A. Friedman, Rachel Denapoli, Preetam Ghosh, Joshua N. Farr, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: Age- and disuse-related bone loss both lead to decreases in bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and trabecular thickness and connectivity. It is important to experimentally compare these two mechanisms at a structural and transcriptomic level to better understand their similarities and differences. This study compares the effects of hindlimb unloading and aging on bone microarchitecture and gene expression in mice, finding that while both induce similar changes, aging has a greater impact on the transcriptome and tissue level.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Matsuoka, Sho Tsukamoto, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Mai Kuratani, Nobuhiko Haga, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takenobu Katagiri
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Kohler, Amy Creecy, David R. Williams, Matthew R. Allen, Joseph M. Wallace
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone disease that weakens bones and increase fracture risk. Current interventions mainly focus on increasing bone mass, but the compromised tissue-level material properties are not addressed. A study found that a RAL analog could reduce fracture risk, but further development is needed for optimal results in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
So Jeong Park, Eunhye Ji, Hyun Ju Yoo, Kyunggon Kim, Sunghwan Ji, Ji Yeon Baek, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between serum lumican levels and osteosarcopenia in older adults, showing that older adults with osteosarcopenia had lower serum lumican levels. Lower serum lumican levels were associated with reduced bone mass and grip strength, indicating that lumican levels could be used as a biomarker for assessing the risk of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia in older adults.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael B. Chavez, Michelle H. Tan, Tamara N. Kolli, Natalie L. Andras, Brian L. Foster
Summary: This study revealed the complex mechanisms by which disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, including dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Seiller, Blandine Merle, Romain Fort, Emilie Virot, Solene Poutrel, Giovanna Cannas, Arnaud Hot, Roland Chapurlat
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bone fragility in sickle cell patients and to evaluate the potential risk factors and associated complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chirantap Oza, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Madhura Karguppikar, Nikhil Shah, Nikhil Lohiya, Shruti Mondkar, Prashant Patil, Hemchand Prasad, Ankita Maheshwari, Dipali Ladkat, Neha Kajale, Chidvilas More, Devarati Khurjekar, Vaman Khadilkar
Summary: This study revealed that BoneXpert (BX) can be used for accurate assessment of bone age and screening of bone health in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). 51.5% of T1D subjects showed significantly decreased metacarpal index (MCI). Height, Tanner stage, and vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with MCI, while HbA1c and disease duration were negatively correlated with MCI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam R. Farman, Catherine Rehder, Theodora Malli, Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg, Kathryn Dahir, Gabriel Angel Martos-Moreno, Agnes Linglart, Keiichi Ozono, Lothar Seefried, Guillermo del Angel, Gerald Webersinke, Francesca Barbazza, Lisa K. John, Sewmi M. A. Delana Mudiyanselage, Florian Hoegler, Erica Burner Nading, Erin Huggins, Eric T. Rush, Ahmed El-Gazzar, Priya S. Kishnani, Wolfgang Hoegler
Summary: The ALPL gene variant database serves as an archive for interpreting the clinical significance of ALPL gene variants, facilitating the reclassification of VUS and continuous updates. The project establishes an international expert consortium, providing a multidisciplinary collaboration framework to improve genetic counseling and medical decision-making for HPP patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanni Adami, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Alessandro Giollo, Matteo Gatti, Francesco Bertoldo, Eugenia Bertoldo, Amy S. Mudano, Kenneth G. Saag, Ombretta Viapiana, Angelo Fassio
Summary: Certain diseases requiring glucocorticoids are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neurological diseases are associated with both vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are only associated with non-vertebral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank C. Ko, Rong Xie, Brandon Willis, Zoe G. Herdman, Bryan A. Dulion, Hoomin Lee, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen, D. Rick Sumner
Summary: Intramembranous bone regeneration is important in joint and tooth replacement, but its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that increased periostin gene expression preceded increases in osteogenic genes during bone regeneration. Using a genetic mouse model, the researchers discovered that cells transiently expressing periostin played a critical role in intramedullary intramembranous bone regeneration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Savikangas, T. H. Suominen, M. Alen, T. Rantalainen, S. Sipila
Summary: Regular exercise, especially high-intensity physical activity, can help slow down age-related bone loss and prevent a decline in femoral neck bone mineral density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mishaela R. Rubin, Ruban Dhaliwal
Summary: The increased risk of fractures observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be solely explained by modest decreases in areal bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in bone has been suggested as a possible cause for the increased bone fragility in diabetes. Although the evidence linking AGEs and fractures in individuals with T1D is limited, recent data show that AGEs, as measured by skin intrinsic fluorescence, are a risk factor for lower BMD in T1D. Further research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between fractures and AGEs in T1D. If confirmed, this could lead to interventions that can reduce AGE accumulation and ultimately reduce fractures in T1D patients.