Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivan V. Zhivodernikov, Tatiana V. Kirichenko, Yuliya V. Markina, Anton Y. Postnov, Alexander M. Markin
Summary: This review focuses on describing the basic mechanisms of osteoporosis development at the molecular and cellular levels and discusses the important roles of estrogen deficiency, inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and epigenetic factors. The review also highlights the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating osteoporosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Clarissa Carvalho Pedreira, Jacqueline Maya, Madhusmita Misra
Summary: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a reversible hypogonadism commonly seen in adolescents and young women. It can be triggered by energy deficit or emotional stress, leading to reduced secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. This condition can have negative effects on reproductive, skeletal, and neuropsychiatric health.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nurgul Imangali, Viktoriya Sokolova, Kathrin Kostka, Matthias Epple, Christoph Winkler
Summary: Calcium phosphate (CaP) is the inorganic part of hard tissues and has a high biocompatibility and good biodegradability. In this study, CaP nanoparticles functionalized with DNA encoding bone anabolic factors were used to modulate osteoclast activity in a genetically modified medaka fish model. The results showed that the functionalized CaP nanoparticles efficiently delivered the inhibitory factor Opgb to osteoclasts and delayed or reduced the occurrence of osteoporosis-like phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca K. Dirkes, Nathan C. Winn, Thomas J. Jurrissen, Dennis B. Lubahn, Victoria J. Vieira-Potter, Jaume Padilla, Pamela S. Hinton
Summary: The study found that in male mice, ERKO has a positive impact on bone density, with exercise having little effect. ERKO has a negative impact on cortical geometry, but exercise can partially reverse this effect. Neither ERKO nor exercise have an effect on sclerostin expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Fatma Rashed, Shingo Kamijyo, Yuri Shimizu, Yuna Hirohashi, Masud Khan, Yasutaka Sugamori, Ramachandran Murali, Kazuhiro Aoki
Summary: RANKL-binding peptides can stimulate osteoblast differentiation through RANKL-reverse signaling, while OPG cannot achieve the same effect. This may be due to the ability of RANKL-binding peptides to promote the accumulation and membrane clustering of RANKL molecules on the surface of osteoblasts, thus activating osteoblast differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramsha Shams, Kelsey P. Drasites, Vandana Zaman, Denise Matzelle, Donald C. Shields, Dena P. Garner, Christopher J. Sole, Azizul Haque, Narendra L. Banik
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to osteoporosis, possibly due to neuronal impairment and upregulation of RANKL causing bone resorption, while estrogen may protect bones by decreasing the upregulation of RANKL.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kai Yang, Shunyao Li, Tianqi Wang, Xueming Yan, Qian He, Ruonan Ning, Xing Xu, Wei Yao, Xiaofei Zhang, Chunhao Yang, Min Jiang, Lianfu Deng
Summary: Y1693, a small-molecule inhibitor of RANKL, was found to effectively prevent bone resorption and rescue alveolar bone loss caused by periodontal disease. It showed good tolerability and efficacy in an orally administered mouse model of osteoporosis.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Raniere Gaia Costa Da Silva, Tsim Christopher Sun, Ambika Prasad Mishra, Alan Boyde, Michael Doube, Christopher Michael Riggs
Summary: Resorption within cortices of long bones removes excess mass and damaged tissue. High-intensity exercise may increase bone resorption and lead to failure due to increased porosity. Rested animals showed significantly larger and more numerous canals from bone resorption compared to exercised animals in the third metacarpal bone, but there was no significant difference in ribs. A moderate relationship was found in the tibia. The mechanostat system may enhance bone formation and suppress resorption during high mechanical load, while both systems work synergistically to remove excess and damaged tissue during rest periods.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin Blomberg Jensen, Christine Hjorth Andreassen, Anne Jorgensen, John Erik Nielsen, Li Juel Mortensen, Ida Marie Boisen, Peter Schwarz, Jorma Toppari, Roland Baron, Beate Lanske, Anders Juul
Summary: There are limited treatment options for male infertility. The study demonstrates the important role of the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway in sperm production and maturation, showing potential as a target for male infertility treatment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zunhan Shi, Lihui Wang, Jinwen Luan, Liqin Yin, Xiaohui Ji, Wenqian Zhang, Bingxiang Xu, Linshan Chen, Ying He, Ru Wang, Longhua Liu
Summary: Obesity is a global epidemic associated with various diseases, and exercise has been shown to improve bone density and decrease excess bone marrow adipose tissue. This study investigated the mechanism by which exercise remodels the bone marrow microenvironment in diet-induced obese mice. The data revealed that exercise could slow down obesity progression, improve trabecular bone density, and inhibit the adipsin-Spp1 signaling pathway, thereby preventing the activation of osteoclasts in obese mice.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kamarulzaman Karim, Nelli Giribabu, Naguib Salleh
Summary: The study revealed that Marantodes pumilum leaf aqueous extract could protect the bone in estrogen-deficient, diabetic condition by ameliorating increased blood glucose levels and decreased bone collagen content.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hetong Li, Yu Gou, Faming Tian, Qiangqiang Lian, Yunpeng Hu, Liu Zhang
Summary: The combined intervention of simvastatin and exercise has a better effect on the bone degeneration induced by obesity and estrogen deficiency, improving the pathology and metabolic status of osteoporosis.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chrisandra L. Shufelt, Mariam Saadedine, Galen Cook-Wiens, Margareta D. Pisarska, JoAnn E. Manson, Sarah L. Berga, Moshe Arditi, Prediman K. Shah, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Summary: This study found that about one-third of women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) had endothelial dysfunction. FHA may be a preclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) marker, and its occurrence is not solely explained by hypoestrogenemia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junbo Shim, Chihiro Iwaya, Catherine G. Ambrose, Akiko Suzuki, Junichi Iwata
Summary: In this study, a morphometric assessment of craniofacial bones was conducted in aging mice, and it was found that the microarchitecture of craniofacial bones is uniquely affected by age and sex. The interparietal bone and body of the mandible were less affected by age and sex, while the condyle of the mandible showed more pronounced changes in males compared to females.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Tian-lin Li, He-dong Liu, Mao-xian Ren, Zhi Zhou, Wen-kai Jiang, Min Yang
Summary: This study investigated the difference in the protective effects of intraperitoneal injection of exogenous melatonin during daytime or nighttime on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Results showed that daytime treatment significantly increased bone mass in ovariectomized rats compared to nighttime treatment. Microscopic and biomechanical experiments revealed improved bone parameters and strength in the daytime treatment group. Molecular biology experiments showed increased bone formation-related molecules and decreased bone resorption-related molecules. Cell experiments demonstrated higher cell viability and better inhibition of ROS production and apoptosis with low-dose melatonin treatment.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jemima E. Schadow, David Maxey, Toby O. Smith, Mikko A. J. Finnila, Sarah L. Manske, Neil A. Segal, Andy Kin On Wong, Rachel A. Davey, Tom Turmezei, Kathryn S. Stok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the published parameters for assessing subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis using computed tomography. The study identified clinically meaningful parameter categories and emphasized the importance of quantification and standardized measurement methods for improving the evaluation of disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lindsay L. Loundagin, Kim D. Harrison, Xuan Wei, David M. L. Cooper
Summary: This study developed new techniques to define zones of BMU activity based on the 3D morphology of remodeling spaces in rabbit cortical bone and integrated morphological data with the BMU longitudinal erosion rate (LER) to elucidate the spatial-temporal coordination of BMUs and estimate mineral apposition rate (MAR). The results showed that the manual and semi-automated methods accurately defined the zones of remodeling spaces, and these techniques have the potential to assess dynamic parameters of bone resorption and formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Soroush Masrouri, Farzad Esmaeili, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Summary: This study examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and fracture incidence. The results showed that rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) can increase the incidence of fractures among the general population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steven J. Meas, Gabriella M. Daire, Michael A. Friedman, Rachel Denapoli, Preetam Ghosh, Joshua N. Farr, Henry J. Donahue
Summary: Age- and disuse-related bone loss both lead to decreases in bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and trabecular thickness and connectivity. It is important to experimentally compare these two mechanisms at a structural and transcriptomic level to better understand their similarities and differences. This study compares the effects of hindlimb unloading and aging on bone microarchitecture and gene expression in mice, finding that while both induce similar changes, aging has a greater impact on the transcriptome and tissue level.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Matsuoka, Sho Tsukamoto, Yuta Orihara, Rieko Kawamura, Mai Kuratani, Nobuhiko Haga, Kenji Ikebuchi, Takenobu Katagiri
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rachel Kohler, Amy Creecy, David R. Williams, Matthew R. Allen, Joseph M. Wallace
Summary: Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone disease that weakens bones and increase fracture risk. Current interventions mainly focus on increasing bone mass, but the compromised tissue-level material properties are not addressed. A study found that a RAL analog could reduce fracture risk, but further development is needed for optimal results in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
So Jeong Park, Eunhye Ji, Hyun Ju Yoo, Kyunggon Kim, Sunghwan Ji, Ji Yeon Baek, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between serum lumican levels and osteosarcopenia in older adults, showing that older adults with osteosarcopenia had lower serum lumican levels. Lower serum lumican levels were associated with reduced bone mass and grip strength, indicating that lumican levels could be used as a biomarker for assessing the risk of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, or sarcopenia in older adults.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael B. Chavez, Michelle H. Tan, Tamara N. Kolli, Natalie L. Andras, Brian L. Foster
Summary: This study revealed the complex mechanisms by which disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, including dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julien Seiller, Blandine Merle, Romain Fort, Emilie Virot, Solene Poutrel, Giovanna Cannas, Arnaud Hot, Roland Chapurlat
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of bone fragility in sickle cell patients and to evaluate the potential risk factors and associated complications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chirantap Oza, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Madhura Karguppikar, Nikhil Shah, Nikhil Lohiya, Shruti Mondkar, Prashant Patil, Hemchand Prasad, Ankita Maheshwari, Dipali Ladkat, Neha Kajale, Chidvilas More, Devarati Khurjekar, Vaman Khadilkar
Summary: This study revealed that BoneXpert (BX) can be used for accurate assessment of bone age and screening of bone health in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D). 51.5% of T1D subjects showed significantly decreased metacarpal index (MCI). Height, Tanner stage, and vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with MCI, while HbA1c and disease duration were negatively correlated with MCI.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariam R. Farman, Catherine Rehder, Theodora Malli, Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg, Kathryn Dahir, Gabriel Angel Martos-Moreno, Agnes Linglart, Keiichi Ozono, Lothar Seefried, Guillermo del Angel, Gerald Webersinke, Francesca Barbazza, Lisa K. John, Sewmi M. A. Delana Mudiyanselage, Florian Hoegler, Erica Burner Nading, Erin Huggins, Eric T. Rush, Ahmed El-Gazzar, Priya S. Kishnani, Wolfgang Hoegler
Summary: The ALPL gene variant database serves as an archive for interpreting the clinical significance of ALPL gene variants, facilitating the reclassification of VUS and continuous updates. The project establishes an international expert consortium, providing a multidisciplinary collaboration framework to improve genetic counseling and medical decision-making for HPP patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanni Adami, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Alessandro Giollo, Matteo Gatti, Francesco Bertoldo, Eugenia Bertoldo, Amy S. Mudano, Kenneth G. Saag, Ombretta Viapiana, Angelo Fassio
Summary: Certain diseases requiring glucocorticoids are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neurological diseases are associated with both vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are only associated with non-vertebral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Frank C. Ko, Rong Xie, Brandon Willis, Zoe G. Herdman, Bryan A. Dulion, Hoomin Lee, Chun-do Oh, Di Chen, D. Rick Sumner
Summary: Intramembranous bone regeneration is important in joint and tooth replacement, but its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that increased periostin gene expression preceded increases in osteogenic genes during bone regeneration. Using a genetic mouse model, the researchers discovered that cells transiently expressing periostin played a critical role in intramedullary intramembranous bone regeneration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
T. Savikangas, T. H. Suominen, M. Alen, T. Rantalainen, S. Sipila
Summary: Regular exercise, especially high-intensity physical activity, can help slow down age-related bone loss and prevent a decline in femoral neck bone mineral density.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mishaela R. Rubin, Ruban Dhaliwal
Summary: The increased risk of fractures observed in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cannot be solely explained by modest decreases in areal bone mineral density (BMD). Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in bone has been suggested as a possible cause for the increased bone fragility in diabetes. Although the evidence linking AGEs and fractures in individuals with T1D is limited, recent data show that AGEs, as measured by skin intrinsic fluorescence, are a risk factor for lower BMD in T1D. Further research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between fractures and AGEs in T1D. If confirmed, this could lead to interventions that can reduce AGE accumulation and ultimately reduce fractures in T1D patients.