Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. M. Bruxel, C. R. Moreira-Maia, G. C. Akutagava-Martins, T. P. Quinn, M. Klein, B. Franke, M. Ribases, P. Rovira, C. Sanchez-Mora, D. B. Kappel, N. R. Mota, E. H. Grevet, C. H. D. Bau, M. Arcos-Burgos, L. A. Rohde, M. H. Hutz
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between ADGRL3 gene variants and ADHD susceptibility in children and adults, finding significant correlation in children but not in adults. The results suggest that ADGRL3 gene is predominantly associated with childhood ADHD.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsin-Yi Fan, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Yu-Shian Cheng, Weilun Chung, Ruu-Fen Tzang, Hsien-Jane Chiu, Chun-Ning Ho, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Summary: This study provides a systematic review and analysis of the effectiveness of electroencephalogram-based neurofeedback (EEG-NF) in treating the core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents/adults. The results suggest that EEG-NF can effectively improve inattention symptoms, but its effectiveness in reducing hyperactivity/impulsivity remains inconclusive.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jung Tae Kim, Kibong Kim, Lin Ang, Hye Won Lee, Jun-Yong Choi, Myeong Soo Lee
Summary: This article describes a systematic review that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for ADHD. The study will conduct literature searches in multiple databases and analyze the selected studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The findings of this review will be used to support relevant health policies and practices.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shun Wang, Baozhen Yao, Haiju Zhang, Liping Xia, Shiqian Yu, Xia Peng, Dan Xiang, Zhongchun Liu
Summary: Epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and they can coexist. However, the degree of comorbidity between both disorders has never been quantified. A meta-analysis of 63 studies with over 1 million individuals from 17 countries revealed that the pooled prevalence of ADHD in epilepsy was 22.3%, while the pooled prevalence of epilepsy in ADHD was 3.4%. Factors such as sample size, specification, geographical variations, and diagnostic methods contributed to the observed heterogeneity in comorbidity rates. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Katharina Otten, Lara Keller, Andrei A. Puiu, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Jochen Seitz, Nils Kohn, J. Christopher Edgar, Lisa Wagels, Kerstin Konrad
Summary: This study examined the effects of early antibiotic exposure on ADHD risk and found that prenatal antibiotic exposure may be a potential risk factor for ADHD, possibly due to disruption of the gut microbiome and interference with neurodevelopment.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Mathieu Lemire, Claire Morrison, Michael Mooney, Peter Ryabinin, Nicole M. Roslin, Molly Nikolas, James Coxon, Jeggan Tiego, Ziarih Hawi, Alex Fornito, Walter Henrik, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Hugh Garavan, Joel Nigg, Naomi P. Friedman, Christie Burton, Russell Schachar, Jennifer Crosbie, Mark A. Bellgrove
Summary: Deficits in effective executive function are associated with psychiatric disorders and impact everyday functioning. The genetic architecture of these traits is not well understood. This study identified genetic influences on inhibitory control using a genome wide association study, but larger sample sizes are needed for more robust associations. The results also support the use of executive function measures as endophenotypes for neuropsychiatric disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xusheng Che, Choi Jong-Hwan, Xiuhai Shang
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of various nonpharmacological therapies in improving attention deficit in ADHD patients. The findings suggest that exercise intervention is the most stable in improving attention deficit, while meditation and cognitive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and computer training can also be effective complementary tools.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Marcello Dalla Bernardina Dalla, Camila Ospina Ayala, Fernanda Cristina De Abreu Quintela Castro, Felipe Kalil Neto, Gabriele Zanirati, Wilson Canon-Montanez, Rita Mattiello
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of ADHD in individuals under 18 years old after exposure to environmental pollution. The results indicate that children exposed to higher levels of heavy metal and lead have a greater risk of developing ADHD.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen Faraone, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Andrea Cipriani, Daniel Brandeis, Anna Kaiser, Sarah Hohmann, Alexander Haege, Samuele Cortese
Summary: The study analyzed the placebo and nocebo effects in ADHD medications, finding significant impact of placebo effects on efficacy and negative effects on tolerability. It also discovered a positive correlation between baseline to endpoint placebo effects and drug effects.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Huan Huang, Zhijuan Jin, Changshuang He, Shaoyu Guo, Yiwen Zhang, Minghui Quan
Summary: This study synthesized the current evidence on the effects of chronic exercise interventions (CEIs) on core symptoms and executive functions (EFs) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results showed that CEIs have a positive effect on overall core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD.
Review
Neurosciences
Yuan Ai, Jing Zhao, Jing Shi, Ting Ting Zhu
Summary: The study suggests that maternal antibiotic intake during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, but there is insufficient evidence for the association between antibiotic intake after birth and ADHD risk. Further studies are needed before a definitive conclusion can be made.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Merel C. Postema, Martine Hoogman, Sara Ambrosino, Philip Asherson, Tobias Banaschewski, Cibele E. Bandeira, Alexandr Baranov, Claiton H. D. Bau, Sarah Baumeister, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Mark A. Bellgrove, Joseph Biederman, Janita Bralten, Daniel Brandeis, Silvia Brem, Jan K. Buitelaar, Geraldo F. Busatto, Francisco X. Castellanos, Mara Cercignani, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Kaylita C. Chantiluke, Anastasia Christakou, David Coghill, Annette Conzelmann, Ana I. Cubillo, Renata B. Cupertino, Patrick de Zeeuw, Alysa E. Doyle, Sarah Durston, Eric A. Earl, Jeffery N. Epstein, Thomas Ethofer, Damien A. Fair, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Stephen V. Faraone, Thomas Frodl, Matt C. Gabel, Tinatin Gogberashvili, Eugenio H. Grevet, Jan Haavik, Neil A. Harrison, Catharina A. Hartman, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Sarah Hohmann, Marie F. Hovik, Terry L. Jernigan, Bernd Kardatzki, Georgii Karkashadze, Clare Kelly, Gregor Kohls, Kerstin Konrad, Jonna Kuntsi, Luisa Lazaro, Sara Lera-Miguel, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Mario R. Louza, Astri J. Lundervold, Charles B. Malpas, Paulo Mattos, Hazel McCarthy, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Rosa Nicolau, Joel T. Nigg, Stephanie E. Novotny, Eileen Oberwelland Weiss, Ruth L. O'Gorman Tuura, Jaap Oosterlaan, Bob Oranje, Yannis Paloyelis, Paul Pauli, Felipe A. Picon, Kerstin J. Plessen, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Liesbeth Reneman, Pedro G. P. Rosa, Katya Rubia, Anouk Schrantee, Lizanne J. S. Schweren, Jochen Seitz, Philip Shaw, Tim J. Silk, Norbert Skokauskas, Juan C. Soliva Vila, Michael C. Stevens, Gustavo Sudre, Leanne Tamm, Fernanda Tovar-Moll, Theo G. M. van Erp, Alasdair Vance, Oscar Vilarroya, Yolanda Vives-Gilabert, Georg G. von Polier, Susanne Walitza, Yuliya N. Yoncheva, Marcus V. Zanetti, Georg C. Ziegler, David C. Glahn, Neda Jahanshad, Sarah E. Medland, Paul M. Thompson, Simon E. Fisher, Barbara Franke, Clyde Francks
Summary: Recent large-scale analysis found no evidence of altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, but children with ADHD showed less rightward asymmetry of total hemispheric surface area. Adults with ADHD also exhibited altered globus pallidus asymmetry. However, the effects were small and not significant after correcting for multiple testing, suggesting that altered structural brain asymmetry may not serve as a useful biomarker for ADHD.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Karen Vertessen, Marjolein Luman, Anouck Staff, Pierre Bet, Ralph de Vries, Jos Twisk, Jaap Oosterlaan
Summary: Methylphenidate has beneficial effects on neurocognitive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD, with greater improvement in lower-order functions and no significant effects on higher-order functions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Xinyu Gao, Mengzhe Zhang, Zhengui Yang, Mengmeng Wen, Huiyu Huang, Ruiping Zheng, Weijian Wang, Yarui Wei, Jingliang Cheng, Shaoqiang Han, Yong Zhang
Summary: The meta-analysis revealed shared and specific structural and functional abnormalities between patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, IGD patients showed disorder-differentiating structural alterations in the putamen, while ADHD patients had alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. Functional differences were observed in the precuneus among IGD patients and in the rewards circuit (including ACC, OFC, and striatum) between the two disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sepide Talebi, Maryam Miraghajani, Abed Ghavami, Hamed Mohammadi
Summary: The study found that zinc supplementation may have beneficial effects in improving symptoms of ADHD in children. However, more well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the benefit of zinc supplementation for ADHD. The certainty of the evidence was rated moderate to very low for all outcomes.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Yann Chye, Chao Suo, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Richard A. Bethlehem, Roxanne Hook, Jeggan Tiego, Ian Goodyer, Peter B. Jones, Ray Dolan, Edward T. Bullmore, Jon E. Grant, Murat Yucel, Samuel R. Chamberlain
Summary: The study found a connection between brain functional connectome and network properties and disinhibition, with reduced functional connectivity within specific brain regions linked to disinhibition. These findings offer insights into the neurobiological pathways underlying impulsive and compulsive disorders.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Masanori Isobe, Matilde Vaghi, Naomi A. Fineberg, Annemieke M. Apergis-Schoute, Edward T. Bullmore, Barbara J. Sahakian, Trevor W. Robbins, Samuel R. Chamberlain
Summary: The study demonstrates a link between cognitive inflexibility and putamen morphology in OCD patients and their relatives, indicating a familial marker of OCD. The findings suggest a shared abnormality in basal ganglia structure associated with cognitive rigidity among individuals with OCD and their asymptomatic relatives.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna P. McLaughlin, Naghmeh Nikkheslat, Caitlin Hastings, Maria A. Nettis, Melisa Kose, Courtney Worrell, Zuzanna Zajkowska, Nicole Mariani, Daniela Enache, Giulia Lombardo, Linda Pointon, Philip Cowen, Jonathan Cavanagh, Neil Harrison, Edward Bullmore, Carmine M. Pariante, Valeria Mondelli
Summary: Comorbid depression and overweight status are associated with increased hsCRP levels, with the coexistence of these conditions amplifying the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels. Overweight status contributes most to the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels, but depression also significantly contributes to the risk. No differences were observed in cortisol levels between groups.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter Zhukovsky, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Hisham Ziauddeen, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Chun Meng, Ralf Regenthal, Barbara J. Sahakian, Edward T. Bullmore, Trevor W. Robbins, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Karen D. Ersche
Summary: This study found that atomoxetine can improve response inhibition in both control participants and individuals with CUD, and the improvement is dependent on baseline response inhibition performance and associated with increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shaun K. L. Quah, Lauren McIver, Edward T. Bullmore, Angela C. Roberts, Stephen J. Sawiak
Summary: This study compares the changes in covariance networks of the brain between adolescence and adulthood in marmoset monkeys. The research finds substantial shifts in the topology of structural covariance networks in the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe. Prefrontal regions become more specialized within their own local network, while the temporal regions show increased inter-hemispheric covariances. Regionally selective coupling of structural and maturational covariance is also revealed.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jan Stochl, Hannah Jones, Emma Soneson, Adam P. Wagner, Golam M. Khandaker, Stanley Zammit, Jon Heron, Gemma Hammerton, Edward T. Bullmore, Ray Dolan, Peter Fonagy, Ian M. Goodyer, J. Perez, Peter B. Jones
Summary: Characterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miruna C. Barbu, Floris Huider, Archie Campbell, Carmen Amador, Mark J. Adams, Mary-Ellen Lynall, David M. Howard, Rosie M. Walker, Stewart W. Morris, Jenny Van Dongen, David J. Porteous, Kathryn L. Evans, Edward Bullmore, Gonneke Willemsen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Heather C. Whalley, Andrew M. McIntosh
Summary: Antidepressants are effective in treating major depressive disorder, but individual responses are unpredictable. Research shows that changes in DNA methylation may reveal the biological processes related to the efficacy and side effects of antidepressants. Identification of specific CpG sites associated with antidepressant use suggests a link to mental health disorders and immune responses.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wayne C. Drevets, Gayle M. Wittenberg, Edward T. Bullmore, Husseini K. Manji
Summary: Compelling evidence suggests that immune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and drugs targeting immune targets have shown efficacy in improving depressive symptoms. By defining narrower patient subgroups based on biology, the treatment response rates can be increased, which is a major advancement in clinical psychiatry.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Suzanne N. Haber, Hesheng Liu, Jakob Seidlitz, Ed Bullmore
Summary: This review discusses the fundamental importance of prefrontal cortical connectivity to information processing and disorders of cognition, emotion, and behavior. It introduces the methods used to study monosynaptic prefrontal cortical connections in non-human primates and MRI-derived measurements of network organization in humans. The review also demonstrates how tract-tracing studies can inform the composition of prefrontal cortex nodes and hubs.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Noha Althubaity, Julia Schubert, Daniel Martins, Tayyabah Yousaf, Maria A. Nettis, Valeria Mondelli, Carmine Pariante, Neil A. Harrison, Edward T. Bullmore, Danai Dima, Federico E. Turkheimer, Mattia Veronese
Summary: The study found that depressed individuals have increased choroid plexus volume, which is associated with brain inflammation but not with peripheral inflammatory markers. The volume of choroid plexus is positively correlated with PET binding in other brain regions, suggesting that changes in brain barriers may play a role in inflammation in depression.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Konstantinos Ioannidis, Roxanne W. Hook, Anna Wiedemann, Junaid Bhatti, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Jon E. Grant, Ian M. Goodyer, Peter Fonagy, Edward T. Bullmore, Peter B. Jones, Samuel R. Chamberlain
Summary: This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with eating disorders, identifying a significant association between family conflict, impulsiveness traits, and concurrent eating disorder symptoms.
COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Nina M. Lutz, Sharon A. S. Neufeld, Roxanne W. Hook, Peter B. Jones, Edward T. Bullmore, Ian M. Goodyer, Tamsin J. Ford, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Paul O. Wilkinson
Summary: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is more common among women, possibly due to their higher levels of psychological distress. Women also show significant differences in sensation seeking and positive urgency compared to men. Psychological distress partially mediates the relationship between gender and NSSI.
ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Edward T. Bullmore, Alex Fornito
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Ethan G. Dutcher, Laura Lopez-Cruz, E. A. Claudia Pama, Mary-Ellen Lynall, Iris C. R. Bevers, Jolyon A. Jones, Shahid Khan, Stephen J. Sawiak, Amy L. Milton, Menna R. Clatworthy, Trevor W. Robbins, Edward T. Bullmore, Jeffrey W. Dalley
Summary: Early-life stress (ELS), particularly in the form of childhood neglect and abuse, has long-lasting effects on cognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes in rats. These effects interact with stress in adulthood and may be relevant for understanding the etiology of anxiety and depression in humans.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Isaac Sebenius, Jakob Seidlitz, Varun Warrier, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Travis T. Mallard, Rafael Romero Garcia, Edward T. Bullmore, Sarah E. Morgan
Summary: MIND is a new method that estimates within-subject similarity between cortical areas by comparing the divergence of their multivariate distributions of MRI features. Compared to previous methods, MIND networks are more reliable, consistent with cortical structure, and correlated with axonal connectivity. MIND networks are also more sensitive to aging and gene co-expression, and provide a biologically validated approach to cortical connectomics using MRI data.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
