Article
Microbiology
Zhangfan Fu, Jingwen Ai, Haocheng Zhang, Peng Cui, Tao Xu, Yumeng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Honglong Wu, Ao Shen, Ke Lin, Miaoqu Zhang, Chao Qiu, Ning Jiang, Yang Zhou, Wenhong Zhang
Summary: This study explored the suitable internal control (IC) for pathogen quantitation and compared their efficiency. The results showed that Thermus thermophilus and T-1 phage exhibited higher accuracy and linearity in pathogen quantitation compared to artificial DNA sequences. Moreover, the quantification results obtained from mNGS were highly consistent with ddPCR results.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Barbara Costa, Nuno Vale
Summary: This review focuses on the antiretroviral drug, total level of viral production, and effectiveness of immune responses, as they are all dynamically interrelated. Immunological and viral processes interact in complex and non-linear ways, which can be characterized using mathematical models for reliable analysis and quantitative forecasts. Immune response profiling and prioritizing treatments based on the inability to control immune response and prevent T cell exhaustion can enhance treatment efficacy and further research in this field. The review also provides examples of the effects of modeling immune response in viral infections and the impact of pharmaceuticals on immune response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mia Moore, Sarah Stansfield, Deborah J. Donnell, Marie-Claude Boily, Kate M. Mitchell, Peter L. Anderson, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Linda-Gail Bekker, Nyaradzo M. Mgodi, Connie L. Celum, Dobromir Dimitrov
Summary: Modeling adherence to daily PrEP in cisgender women clarifies that high adherence confers high protection against HIV acquisition, while partial adherence results in lower efficacy, highlighting the need for new PrEP products and interventions to increase adherence.
Article
Psychiatry
Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots, Nicholas J. Bakewell, David J. Sharp, Magnus Gisslen, Henrik Zetterberg, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Ferdinand W. N. M. Wit, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Alan Winston, Peter A. Reiss, Caroline A. H. Sabin, Jaime H. Vera
Summary: People living with HIV are at increased risk for depression, and certain biomarkers of central and peripheral inflammation, such as MIG, TNF-alpha, MIP1-alpha, and IL-6, may mediate the association between HIV and depressive symptoms.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Aura Temereanca, Simona Ruta
Summary: The availability of cART has greatly improved the course of HIV infection and the quality of life of patients, but drug resistant and multidrug resistant strains still pose a significant threat to treatment effectiveness. HIV drug resistance has been increasing exponentially in recent years, hindering efforts to end the HIV epidemic. New strategies for drug development focus on improving safety and resistance profiles, discovering drugs with novel mechanisms of action, and simplifying treatment. This review discusses the progress in salvage therapy for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection and highlights the development of new antiretroviral agents and drug targets.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Marco Gelpi, Flora Mikaeloff, Andreas D. Knudsen, Rui Benfeitas, Shuba Krishnan, Sara Svenssson Akusjarvi, Julie Hogh, Daniel D. Murray, Henrik Ullum, Ujjwal Neogi, Susanne D. Nielsen
Summary: This study investigated metabolic alterations in well-treated PLWH with MetS and identified potential mechanisms and biomarkers associated with MetS through advanced statistical and machine learning algorithms, indicating clinical significance in altered glutamate metabolism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth A. Abrams, Virginia M. Burke, Katherine G. Merrill, Christiana Frimpong, Sam Miti, Jonathan K. Mwansa, Julie A. Denison
Summary: Health care providers found youth peer mentoring to be valuable for AYAs living with HIV and bimonthly caregiver meetings to be beneficial for AYA caregivers. They expressed a desire for more involvement in specific processes related to patient clinical care, such as drug changes. Providers' experiences with the study safety protocol, including referrals for youth experiences of violence, shifted their views of AYAs and informed their understanding of key issues youth face, leading to requests for more resources to support AYAs' varied needs.
Article
Immunology
Jane S. Chen, Mitch Matoga, Cecilia Massa, Gerald Tegha, Beatrice Ndalama, Naomi Bonongwe, Esther Mathiya, Edward Jere, Gabriel Banda, Amy J. Loftis, Kathryn E. Lancaster, William C. Miller, Irving F. Hoffman, Myron S. Cohen
Summary: This study conducted in Lilongwe aimed to evaluate HIV shedding in men with urethritis receiving ART. The research found that despite viral suppression in the blood, some episodes of urethritis still showed seminal viral shedding. During non-urethritis follow-up, a small percentage of men had viral shedding in the semen while maintaining viral suppression in the blood.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yi-Hsuan Chen, Chi-Tai Fang, Ming-Chieh Shih, Kuan-Yin Lin, Shu-Sen Chang, Zong-Tai Wu, Yu-Yao Lee, Chang-Hsun Chen
Summary: The study found that routine HIV testing was associated with lower rates of late diagnosis, HIV-related mortality, and all-cause mortality compared to nonroutine testing based on individual risk assessment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Huizhen Chen, Yuxia Zhu, Qiu Chen
Summary: The meta-analysis aimed to compare fracture-associated wound infections (FAWIs) in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients undergoing surgical treatment for fractures. 14 examinations from 1991 to 2023 were included, involving 3528 individuals with fractures. The results showed that HIV-positive patients had significantly higher FAWI rates before antiretroviral treatment, but there was no significant difference in FAWI rates after antiretroviral treatment compared to HIV-negative patients. However, caution is needed due to the small sample size and limited number of comparisons in the meta-analysis.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Virology
Elena Bruzzesi, Arianna Gabrieli, Davide Bernasconi, Giulia Marchetti, Andrea Calcagno, Diego Ripamonti, Andrea Antinori, Nicola Squillace, Antonella Cingolani, Antonio Muscatello, Alessandra Bandera, Andrea Gori, Stefano Rusconi, Silvia Nozza, INACTION Study Grp
Summary: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) can restrict the establishment of HIV reservoirs. This study aimed to assess the effect of three different ART regimens on HIV-DNA load in individuals living with HIV (PLWH) who started ART in PHI. The results showed that regardless of the treatment regimen, the HIV-DNA load in PLWH decreased during the treatment period.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuanyuan Qin, Yihong Zhou, Songtao Liu, Yanqiu Lu, Min Liu, Jing Yuan, Jingmin Nie, Jing Ouyang, Hao Wu, Yingmei Qin, Zhongsheng Jiang, Guoqiang Zhou, Qun Tian, Ke Lan, Yang Zhou, Xinping Yang, Kaiyin He, Jun Liu, Vijay Harypursat, Yaokai Chen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV-positive patients with talaromycosis. The results showed that patients who initiated ART early had lower mortality rates and lower rates of AIDS-defining events or death compared to those who deferred ART initiation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jeordy D. Engone-Ondo, Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme, Sonia E. Lekana-Douki, Abdoulaye Diane, Antony Mamimandjiami, Octavie Banga, Guy-Roger Ndong-Atome, Avelin F. Aghokeng
Summary: The study reveals a low rate of viral load suppression in a semi-rural context in Africa and a high burden of HIV drug resistance, impacting both current and newly recommended ART strategies.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Erin M. B. Scholz, Angela D. M. Kashuba
Summary: Finding a cure for HIV is still a top priority despite advances in treatment, as chronic HIV infection is linked to an increased risk of comorbidities and the importance of adhering to daily antiretroviral therapy. Viral recrudescence from cellular reservoirs in lymphoid tissues is central to the pathology of HIV, and understanding ARV concentrations and distribution in lymph nodes may explain their maintenance as HIV reservoirs and viral rebound upon treatment interruption.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Franziska Schneider, Andre Gessner, Nahed El-Najjar
Summary: The current antimicrobial therapy for bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults and pediatric patients faces challenges in achieving necessary drug levels in serum and crossing the blood-brain barrier. Factors such as the structure of the antimicrobial agent, disease severity, and inflammation play significant roles. Despite attempts to establish pharmacokinetic modeling for dosing regimens, conclusive recommendations for the best therapeutic strategies are lacking. This review focuses on the use of vancomycin and meropenem in managing CNS infections in adults and pediatric patients, aiming to summarize the current pitfalls and success of therapy, and emphasize the need for more studies to improve clinical outcomes.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kelsey C. Hewitt, David E. Marra, Cady Block, Lucette A. Cysique, Daniel L. Drane, Michelle M. Haddad, Emilia Lojek, Carrie R. McDonald, Anny Reyes, Kara Eversole, Dawn Bowers
Summary: This paper provides a critical review of the neurological complications of COVID-19, highlighting the broader effects of the virus on renal, vascular, and neurological body systems. While the question of cognitive deficits has not been extensively studied, neuropsychologists will undoubtedly play a crucial role in the future.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucette A. Cysique, Emilia Lojek, Theodore Ching-Kong Cheung, Breda Cullen, Anna Rita Egbert, Jonathan Evans, Maite Garolera, Natalia Gawron, Hetta Gouse, Karolina Hansen, Pawel Holas, Sylwia Hyniewska, Ewa Malinowska, Bernice A. Marcopulos, Tricia L. Merkley, Jose A. Munoz-Moreno, Clare Ramsden, Christian Salas, Sietske A. M. Sikkes, Ana Rita Silva, Imane Zouhar
Summary: The study proposed a set of internationally harmonized procedures and methods for assessing neurocognitive functions, smell, taste, mental, and psychosocial health in adults with COVID-19. Three levels of harmonization were suggested, including screening, medium-sized assessment, and comprehensive evaluation, each with specific contexts and guidance outlined.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
David Jakabek, Caroline D. Rae, Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the contributions of HIV infection, age, and cardiovascular risk factors to subcortical brain atrophy in PWH. The results showed that HIV infection was associated with smaller volumes of most subcortical structures, older PWH had a more rapid decline in caudate volumes, and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with smaller volumes and a more rapid decline in striatal volumes.
Article
Nursing
Maede S. Etesami, Deborah L. Jones, Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi, Ladan Abbasian, Morteza Ghayomzadeh, Minoo Mohraz, David E. Vance, Lucette A. Cysique, Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
Summary: The prevalence rate of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among Iranian people living with HIV (PLWH) was found to be around 57.14%, significantly higher than the rate of 19.05% among adults living without HIV. Except for visual memory and selective attention, global neurocognitive performance and all cognitive domains were significantly different between the PLWH and non-HIV groups. This study suggests the need for a strategy to screen Iranian PLWH for NCI, as the prevalence rate in Iran is similar to that reported globally.
JANAC-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF NURSES IN AIDS CARE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Bruce J. Brew
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Htein Linn Aung, Thomas M. Gates, Limin Mao, Bruce J. Brew, Sean B. Rourke, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: Through the integration of data from two longitudinal studies, it was found that age has a significant impact on neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV, with the risk of NCI increasing as age increases. Additionally, factors such as nonwhite ethnicity, comorbidities, severity of cognitive symptoms, abnormal creatinine level, and plasma viral load greater than 200 copies/ml were also associated with an increased risk of NCI.
Article
Oncology
Janette L. Vardy, Gregory R. Pond, Lucette A. Cysique, Thomas M. Gates, Jim Lagopoulos, Corrinne Renton, Louise M. Waite, Ian F. Tannock, Haryana M. Dhillon
Summary: There was no difference in cognitive capacity and function between CRC survivors and controls 6-12 years after diagnosis. Differences in neuroimaging require confirmation in a larger sample.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoying Yu, Judith D. D. Lobo, Erin Sundermann, Darren J. J. Baker, Russell P. P. Tracy, George A. A. Kuchel, Kathryn E. E. Stephenson, Scott L. L. Letendre, Bruce Brew, Lucette A. A. Cysique, Sannisha K. K. Dale, Chelsie Wallen, Ken M. M. Kunisaki, Giovanni Guaraldi, Jovana Milic, Alan Winston, David J. J. Moore, Joseph B. B. Margolick, Kristine M. M. Erlandson
Summary: This article summarizes the key oral presentations from the 12th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities of HIV and aging research under the COVID-19 pandemic. The workshop enriched our understanding of HIV and aging, identified the impact of COVID-19 on HIV communities, and offered future research directions.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Monokesh K. K. Sen, Md Jakir Hossain, David A. A. Mahns, Bruce J. Brew
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and unpredictable neuroinflammatory disease. Identifying a reliable biomarker to predict disease progression and guide treatment decisions is imperative. Recent studies have suggested that the protein serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) could be an ideal prognostic biomarker for MS. However, unresolved factors currently prevent its routine clinical use. This review critiques these findings and highlights areas for further research to facilitate the use of sNfL as a prognostic biomarker in MS management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Htein Linn Aung, Mark Bloch, Trina Vincent, Limin Mao, Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: This study aims to assess the incidence rate of non-HIV age-related neurological disorders among PLHIV and found that older PLHIV had a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and combined ARC. However, non-HIV age-related neurological disorders are uncommon in older PLHIV.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuo Suzuki, John Zaunders, Thomas M. Gates, Angelique Levert, Shannen Butterly, Zhixin Liu, Takaomi Ishida, Sarah Palmer, Caroline D. Rae, Lauriane Juge, Lucette A. Cysique, Bruce J. Brew
Summary: This study investigated the association between elevated HIV-1 RNA transcripts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and brain injury in people living with HIV-1 infection. The findings suggest that the cellular source of these transcripts is likely memory CD4(+) T cells from blood rather than trafficking monocytes. Future research should focus on inhibitors of this transcription to reduce potential neurotoxic and inflammatory viral products.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Bruce Brew, Steven G. Faux, Elizabeth Blanchard
Summary: This study aims to assess the accuracy of a novel smartwatch algorithm for fall detection and identifies factors influencing its effectiveness. The results show that the sensitivity of the smartwatch app for falls is 77% with an accuracy of 89%. Falls are more likely to be detected if they occur on the same side as the wrist with the smartwatch, but the influence of smartwatch brands and operating systems on sensitivity did not reach statistical significance.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kurt Lancaster, Ying Xu, Greg Savage, Lucette A. Cysique, Ruth Peters
Summary: This systematic review found that there is currently insufficient evidence and mixed study quality regarding the impact of high blood pressure in early life on cognitive performance. More research is needed to evaluate the potential relationship between high blood pressure and poorer cognition in early life.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fintan Thompson, Linton R. Harriss, Sarah Russell, Sean Taylor, Lucette A. Cysique, Edward Strivens, Paul Maruff, Robyn McDermott
Summary: Type 2 Diabetes has a subtle negative impact on cognition, particularly on working memory, in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander residents of the Torres Strait. Further research is needed to explore the potential factors affecting cognitive function in diabetic populations, particularly among younger age groups.
ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2022)